of life to command a number of domeftics, Female Painters. From the Comteffe de Genfhould look upon themselves as the parent of their family, and deem every irregularity committed under their roof as a difgrace to lis' Veillees du Chateau. Tranflated by T. Hokroft. themselves. If by the multiplicity of engage, A French woman, Elizabeth Sophie Che ments naturally attendant upon high life, they are precluded from fuch attention; it is, at least, in the power of every lady to fee that the has about her one prudent woman, capable of fuperintending the reft, and one who will make it her bufinefs, as much from inclination as from duty. In private families where but one or two are kept, there can be no excufe for a neglect of those attentions which a great er number might render admiffible. It is very eafy for every person to make themfelves fufficiently acquainted with the value of different articles of apparel, to eftimate the fum which their fervants must expend annually to fupport the appearance they make, and by oppofing it to the wages given them, and other little emoluments of their place, it is not difficult to discover their principles. For if the balance is on the fide of the expenditure, it is plain they have either made ufe of fome imprudent or difhoneft means to acquire the addition; and the discovery, though it may not affect our intereft, calls for our reproof-for to overlook an error is, in a great measure to encourage it. Should their integrity remain unqueftionable, by not having exceeded the bounds of their income, the next object of our attention is, how they have employed it, for thofe, who prudently apply their own property, are moft likely to become careful of another's. It is therefore doubly incumbent upon us (for our own fakes as much as theirs) to difcourage in them every fpecies of extravagance, but none more ftrongly, than that which relates to external appearance, as in that generally originate the feeds of vice. A girl whofe tafte for drefs fo much overcomes her diferetion, as to prompt an imitation of her fuperiors, foon acquires a difrelifh for the meaner occupations of life. She laments, as a misfortune, the humble sphere in which Providence has placed her, and the hopes of emerging from it daily employs her mind. The wifh of being fine, is naturally accompanied by that of being admired; both wishes are infatiable, and to attain the accomplishment of them, no facrifice is thought too great. Against fuch powerful opponents, it is impoffible that honour and honefly can maintain their poft, one muft furely yield, and an ignominious life, or an ignominious death, foon puts the finishing Broke to the scene. (To be continued.) painting, poetry, and mufic. She played on feveral inftruments, underflood Latin, Italian, and Spanish; painted portraits well, but always in fome allegoric and ingenious manner; and has, befides, left feveral hiftorical pictures. In the fame year, the was made, in quality of poct, an academician of Ricovrati, and Padua ; and was received a painter in the Academie Royale de Peinture & da Sculpture, of Paris. She married, when fhe was fixty, her intimate friend, an engineer, named M. Hay, who was of her own age, and died at fixty-three, in 1711. Her moft efteemed hiftorical pictures are, 1. The flight into Egypt, with a beautiful landscape, where the Virgin is feen fleeping, and the angels taking care of the child Jefus. 2. Caffandra interrogating a genius on the destruction of Troy. 3. The Annunciation. 4. Chrift at the tomb. 5. St. Thomas Aquinas. She has left feveral agreeable poems; one, among others, entitled, Les Cerifes renverfees, or "The Cherries overturned;" in which are ease, gaiety, and imagination. Catharine Duchemin, the wife of Girardon, a fculptor-Geneviève of Boulogne; and her fifter, Madeleine, of Boulogne, are three other French women, who particu larly diftinguished themselves in painting. Anna di Rofa, furnamed Anella di Majina, from her mafter, painted with fuccefs. She perifhed at thirty-fix years of age, the victim of jealoufy; being poniarded by Auguf tin Beltrano, her husband, who was hurried away by unjust suspicions. Sopbonifba Angofcicla Lomellina, of a noble family of Cremona, enjoyed and merited great reputation. Philip II of Spain, invited her to Madrid,, where he loaded her with favours, and procured her a most honourable match. Being become a widow, he took to her fecond husband Orazio Lomellini, who was of one of the moft illuftrious.families in Genoa. She herself taught the principles of her art to her three fifters, Europa, Anna, and Lucia, who all painted with fuccefs. Sophonifba lived till the was exceedingly old, and died in 1620. Lavinia Fontana. and Antonia Pinelli, of Bologna, deferve also a place among celebrated painters. Maria-Elena Ponzachia, born at Bologna, in 1668, painted landscapes in a fuperior ftyle. Lucia Caffalina, born in 1667, painted hiftory and portraits with equal fuccefs. She married married Felix Torelli, one of the best painters of his time. Catharine Taraboti, the fcholar of Alexander Varotari, deferves a place among the best artifts of the Venetian fchool. The fifter of Varotari, named Clara, painted portraits in perfection. Barbara Burini was born in 1700, and had abilities equal to any already cited. The Flemish and Dutch schools have produced women equally celebrated. Maria Sybilla Merian, daughter of Matthew Merian, a famous engraver and geographer, was born in Germany, in 1647; and learnt from Abraham Minion to paint flowers, fruits, plants, and infects, in which, The excelled. She understood Latin perfectfy, and made natural history her particular ftudy. She paffed two years at Surinam, painting the infects of the country; and compofed a work in German, called, "A Hiftory of the Infects of Europe, with Defigns after Nature; and an Account of the different Metamorphofes of Infects, and of. the Plants on which they feed." She died at Amfterdam, aged feventy, leaving two daughters whom the had taught to paint. One of them especially, named Dorothea, was eminent for her knowledge and abilities. Anna Waffar, was born at Zurich; the loved letters; wrote good poetry; painted. agreeably in oil, but excelled in miniature. She died in 1713, aged 34 Mademoifelie Verfit was born at Anvers, in 1680; knew Latin, fpoke feveral languages, and painted portraits and hiftory: the moft eminent artifts have agreed in praifing the frethnefs of her colouring, and the purity of her defigns. She went to London, where he died. Maria Van Ooffer-wick is justly placed among the beft artifts of Holland. She, painted only fruits and flowers; but the painted them in the highest perfection. She died in 1693. Henrietta Vanpea-Volters, her father's fcholar, was born at Amfterdam, and was eminent as a miniature painter. She died in 1741. Rachael Ruifch Van-Pool, was born at Amfterdam, and was one of those women who moft have honoured her country by her manners and talents. Young, without mafter, without affiftance, her taste for drawing led her to copy whatever ftruck her in paintings, or engravings. At length fhe was put under the tuition of William Van Eelft, who was celebrated for his fruits and flowers; in which kind of painting the obtained the highest reputation. The academy of the Hague received her as one of its members, as they alfo did Van-Pool, her husband, vho was a good painter. The elector Palatine. fut her a diploma, conftituting her painter to the court of Duffidorp. The prince fent her a letter accompanied with a magnificent prefent, and flood godfather to her child. She painted as well at eighty as at thirty; and died aged 86, in 1750. The celebrated Van-Huopen excelled in the ftyle, and had only one fcholar, the daughter of a perfon named Haverman, who made fuch an aftonishing progrefs, as even to excite her mafter's jealousy. Time has not deftroyed the names of all the women of antiquity, who have difting guifhed themfelves as painters. The moft celebrated are, Timaretta, the daughter of Micon, and who excelled in the art. Irene, daughter and fcholar of Cratinus. Ariftarete, the scholar of her father Nearchus. Lala, of Cyzicus. No perfon had a lighter touch; the engraved alfo on ivory. Olympia, whom I ay mentions. Among the English we may mention lady Spencer, who has been juftly praised for the tafte and genius of her pencil. Lady Diana Beauclerk, and Mrs. Crewe have produced fach drawings as are not to be matched in any of the Diletanti circles in Europe. The hon. Mrs. Damer has given fuch proofs of abilities in fculpture, and defign, as may be held in competition with the first mafters of the art. To thefe may be added lady Lincoln, Mrs. Cofway, Mils Watfon, Mifs Mocfer, &c. Anecdote of General Lee. L EE had the confolation to find partners in his difgrace. In the fame country, and within a few miles of him, was Major-general Stevens, a Scotchman, who was broke for mifbehaviour at German-Town; and General Gates's houfe was likewife clofe by-On the arrival of the old man, after his unfortunate defeat by Lord Cornwallis at Camden, Lee observed that Berkley was the first county, which had ever been, at the fame time, the retreat of three unfortunate Generals. You, Stevens,' (said he) were broke for getting drunk when every man should be in his fenfes; I for not fighting when I was fure to be beat; and you, Gates, for being beat, when you had no bufinefs to engage. His houfe was built in a moft romantic and agreeable fituation, in a delightful valley, watered by a rapid and meandering ftream. On one fide, you beheld the Apalachian or Blue Mountains, which for height, grandeur, and variety of profpect, can hardly be excelled. The neighbourhood is one of the meft focial in Virginia. CHAP. (Continued from page 152.) С НА Р. IV. Yet with what may did not exceed 7,000 men. be comparatively called a handful of men, his dependance was fo great on the goodness of the troops, and upon his own ability, that in any lefs critical ftate of war, he would, without hesita tion have met Hyder's vaft hoft in the field. But every thing was now at flake. The fate of Madras, of the British interefts in the Carnatic, and perhaps in all India, to the very existence of the English name, being wrapt up in that of the fmall army he commanded, a greater degree of confideration became neceffary. And, befides COUR Sir Eyre Coote's defign of relieving the befieged fortreffes, confirmed by the opinion of the cil of war, and the approbation of the Select committee. Hyder raises the fiege of Wandewafb, and retires with precipitation, on the ap proach of the Britifb army. The other belea guered places relieved and supplied. Dangers arifing from the perfidy of the French at Pondicherry obviated, by the General's difarming the inhabitants, deftroying their beats, and removing their magazines from Carangolly. Hy der's fhipping defiroyed in his own ports by Sir Edward Hughes. Sir Eyre Coote marches to Porto Nous, to fruftrate the enemy's defign on Tritchinapali Hyder's immenfe force. Numberlefs difficulties which the English General bad to furmount. Grand battle on the firft of July. Hyder's vaft heft, after a very long and obftinate engagement, defeated. Hyder retreats towards Arcot, and Tippoo Saib raises the fiege of Wandewafb. English General marches to the northward, and forms a junction with the forces from Bengal. Takes Trepaffore, defeats Hyder, in a hard and difficult conflict, on the 27th of Auguft. Defeats him a third time on the 27th of September. Succeeding actions, in which the English army is conftantly victoriDutch fettlements on the island of Sumatra fubdued. Sir Edward Hughes, and General Sir Heater Munro, befiege Negapatam by Sea and land. Place furrendered, upon conditions. The Admiral proceeds to the island of Ceylon, and takes the Dutch forts and fettlements of Trincomale. A MONG the good confequences which attended Sir Eyre Coote's coming to take the command in the Carnatic, the unanimity which from thence prevailed in the government was far from being the least. The council were unanimous in his fupport, and wifely committed the whole conduct and management of the war, without referve, into his hands. An appearance of vigour, in defpite of weakness, and of all the wretched circumstances of affairs, accordingly took place in every department; and the enemy, impressed with a sense of the gene. ral's fame and military abilities, became more guarded in their con tuet. Hyder's army was by this time prodigiously augmented, his force, within the Carnatic, was fuppofed far to exceed a hundred thousand men ; and fome accounts went fo far, as to eftimate his matchlock men, and irregular infantry only, at no less than 80,000. The weakness of the army at Madras, the neceffity by which he knew it was tied down to the protection of that place, together with the multitude of his own troops, encouraged and enabled Hyder, after the taking of Arcot, to lay fiege at one and the fame time, to feveral of the principal fortretles in the Carna tic. Few generals have had a more difficult game to play, or a greater ftake depending, than Sir Eyre Coote at this juncture. His whole force Ceat. Mag. April 1785. the principal danger of any misfortune to the army, it was forefeen that Madras itfelf might be expofed during its abfence, however fuccefsful he might be in relieving the befieged fortreffes. The multitude of Hyder's troops, enabled him to make detachments to any amount, and the celerity of his numerous irregular cavalry, laid all parts open to their fudden enterprize while his main army, instead of being weakened was rendered more manageable by detaching. In thele critical circumstances, and under fuch a weight of danger and of perfonal responsibility, the general thought it wife and neceffary, to take all the counfel which it was in his power to obtain; his own opinion going strongly, under a full fenfe of all the poffible confequences, to the relief of thofe fortreffes, which were the most important and in the greatest danger. He accordingly drew a fhort but comprehenfive fketch of the prefent fituation of things in writing, fully ftating the value, importance, and respective danger of the objects in view, the degrees of hope and apprehenfion to which the proposed measure of relief would be liable, with his own opinion upon the whole; and calling a council of war, compofed of Sir Hector Monro, Lord Macleod, and Brigadier Ceneral Stuart, laid it before them, defiring, that after the most mature confideration, they would give their feparate opinions in writing upon the subject. Vellore, Wandewah, Permacoil, and Chingieput, were the places befieged; the first, from its fituation and strength, afforded no caufe of immediate apprehenfion, excepting from the treachery of the garrilon; but fome of the others were in imminent danger; and as they contained large magazines of provifions, the fupply of the enemy in that refpect, as well as with their artillery and ftores, would have been a twofold prejudice. It was remarkable in the statement upon this fubject prefented by the general, that he obferved, as a known fact, that they had not only Hyder, but the whole Carnatic to combat against; fo that they could not hope for the fmallest affiftance, in any part of the road thro' which they were to march, or of the country which they might enter: and he informs them, that the treachery of one of the Nabob's renters, in endeavouring to betray Vellore to the enemy, having been fortunately difcovered by the commander of that garrifon, he had ordered him to be put in irons; hoping, he faid, "that he might be inftrumental to the difcovery of thote dark defigns, which he had long suspected to exift in the court of a native power, living under the very walls of our garrifon of Fort St. George." C¢ The The three general officers coincided entirely in opinion with Sir Eyre Coote, for the march of the arms to the relief of the befieged places; and as Wandewash was in immediate and immi.nent danger, and it was expected that Hyder would collect his whole force, and ufe his utmost efforts, to prevent their paffing the river Palaar, which lay in their way to that place, Sir Hector Monro, fo far from being difcouraged by that circumstance, declared there was nothing more was to be wished, than the bringing him to a general action; at the fame time generously declaring his confidence, that the army would be fuccefstul under its prefent leader. Upon the faine ground, he did not with that the commander in chief fhould be fettered by a refolution, for the immediate return of the army to the protection of Madras, when the intended fervice was performed; but on the contrary, that it fhould be left entirely to his own discretion to act in that refpect, as future information might indicate, or circumftances point out. So nice, notwithstanding, was the caution of the general in this critical and momentous bufinefs, that he departed from the established military rule in fuch cafes, by laying the whole proceedings of the council of war before the felect committee, defiring their advice, upon the fubject; a measure however irregular and unusual, which could not fail effectually to rivet their confidence in him. The event was, a full approbation of the opinion of the council of war. Sir Eyre Coote marched at the head of the army from the encampment at the mount, to the relief of Wandewah, in the beginJan. 17th. ning of the year. Hyder Aily, up1781. on the firft account of his approach, not only raised the fiege of Wandewash with precipitation, but abandoned all the others in the fame manner; and fo far from meeting the Eng. lih army in the field, or, oppofing, as was expected, their paffing the Palaar, retired with his whole force to acautious and guarded diftance. Thus the beleaguered places were not only relieved and provided, and other garrifons that were weak and expofed reinforced, but a great extent of country was recovered, and a new frontier formed; and from hence, Sir Eyre Coote continuing to keep the field, and prepared every where to look the enemy in the face, provided as effectually for the fecurity of Madras, as if the army had been encamped under its walls. So fudden a change in the face of affairs, reftored the spirit and confidence of the troops both European and native, and prepared them for every exertion which their commander might require. The perfidy of the French inhabitants of Pondicherry, who had been treated with unexempled leaity and tenderness fince the reduction of that place, had contributed greatly to encrease the alaim and confufion of the Carnatic. Thefe people, befides the fulleft protection in the poftefion and enjoyment of their houles and eftates, and the most liberal conftruction of the articles of capitulation in their favour, were even admitted to the rights of fubjects, and to traffick under the English flag. The fortifications, and the powder magazine, had been alone demolish ed; in all other refpects, the town, port, and public buildings, were left in their former ftate. Upon the commencement of the present troubles, as it became neceffary to withdraw the British troops to Madras, it was thought fitting to remove the French officers and veterans, who, through lenity, and a tendernefs for their circumftances, had hitherto been left upon parole at Pondicherry, to the fame place; while thefe gentlemen expreffed the moft grievous apprehenfion, left this removal might proceed from any doubt of their honour in the ftri&teft adherence to their paroles. At the fame time, as the conduct of the inhabitants had lately afforded much room for jealoufy, and became daily more fufpicious, as the troubles in the country, and the expectation of the arrival of a French force increafed, it was in contemplation to fend the late attorney-general, with feveral other of the principal inhabitants, who, from their conduct, influence or turbulence, were deemed the moft dangerous, to Madras likewife. Lenity, however prevailed; and the measure was evaded, by thefe perfons renewing their allegiance, and voluntarily prefenting a written declaration, figned with their names, and binding themselves anew to the most inviolable fidelity, thus rendering themselves doubly criminal. For in return for all paft favour and prefent confidence, colonel Braithwaite had fcarcely marched with his troops out of fight of the place, when the French inhabitants fuddenly rife in arms, feize and plunder the folitary Engith refident who had been left to fuperintend their conduct; and to complete the outrage, compel him, with fixed bayonets at his breall, to fign a written inftrument, the contents of which he is totally unacquainted with. They then proceed to raile and arm two or three battalions of Sepoys, most of whom having compofed a part of the late garriton, had received the fame protection, and were bound to the fame conditions with themselves." As fome cover to this breach of faith, they however, pretended, that thefe Sepoys were in Hyder's pay and fervice; the former of which indeed was probably true. And, that nothing might be wanting for the reception and fupport of the fleet and army which they expected from the Mauritius, they proceeded to amais vaft quantities of provifions at Carangolly, a town at fome diftance upon the coast. Such infractions of faith are to be condemned, befides their own inherent turpitude, as they tend to difcourage the exercife of clemency and moderation. But we are always happy to find councils ever erring on the fide of lenity juflified by the final event; as was the cafe in the prefent inftance.. Surrounded, however, with difficulties and dangers on all fides, as Sir Eyre Coote was at his firft arrival, he strongly condemned a degree of imprudent fecurity, thro' which Pondicherry was permitted to become a garrifon and place of arms for the reception and fupport of a new, as well as of the old enemy. One of his firft measures, after the immediately neceflary fervices, of obliging Hyder to raife the fieges, and of re-inforcing and fupplying the weak or exposed gar rifons, was the remedy of this evil. This he accomplished effectually, by difarming the inha bitants bitants of Pondicherry, by the destruction of all their boats, and by the removal of the provifions from Caringolly. The destruction of the boats was in a peculiar manner timely and fortunate; for M. de Orves, arrived with a iquadron foon after off that place, and being in great diftref's for water, provifions and other neceffaries, the want of boats on both fides, occafioned his quit ting the coaft without obtaining any relief, In the mean time, Sir Edward Hughes had performed excellent fervice on the Malabar coaft towards the close of the year, and of a nacure the most vexatious that could be to Hyder, by the deftruction of his shipping in his own ports of Calicut and Mangalore; and thereby nipping in the bud his hopes of becoming a formidable maritime power, which was a favourite object of his ambition. Sir Eyre Coote's force being too weak to encourage adventure, and Hyder too cautious to hazard much without neceffity, nothing of confequence took place for feveral months between the armies. vinces. Such a state of things, however, could not be lafling. Hyder having made preparations for the fiege of Tiitchinapoly, Sir Eyre Coote marched with the army to Porto Novo, as well to fruftrate that defign, as to reprefs his depredation on the fide of Tanjour, and the fouthern proSo wretchedly was the army ftill provided for the field, and fo forely the want of a provident forefight, and timely preparation yet felt, that the general could not have made this movement, if Sir Edward Hughes had not attended at that place, to fupply him with provifions from the hips; for beide the paucity in number of their cattle for draught and burthen, fo miferable was the condition of the bullocks they had, that they were fcarcely able to drag the artillery in any manner along, and were Linking under the moderate weight of that proportion of camp equipage, which was indifpenfably neceffary to the fervice, and could be conveyed by no other means. Hyder was now fo confident in the ftrength of his immense army, and fo determined on his ob ject, that he departed from his general refolution of avoiding field-actions with the English, rather preferring to ftand the hazard of a general engagement, than to relinquish his defigo on Tricchina poly, and his views on the fouthern provinces. Thus impelled, he advanced on the direet road which the English army were to take on their way to Cuddalore, and took an exceedingly well chofen and advantageous pofition within a hort diftance of our camp, while the troops were engaged in procuring a few days provifion from the shipping, which, through the weather and furf, was with no fmall difficulty landed. His army was now become enormous in bulk and number. Of this multitude, 11,000 Topaffes, clad and armed after the European manner, with 23 battallions of regular Sepoys, amount ing to about 15,000 men, compofed with fix or feven hundred Europeans, the flower and strength of his infantry; and were in fact, an extremely well difciplined and formidable body. His irregular infantry armed with match-locks, pikes, and rockets, amounted to 120,000; his cavalry exceeded 40,000. His artillery was worked by Europeans, or by deferters from the nabob, who had been trained under English officers; and fome thousands of his and the company's Sepoys, who were either under the fame defcription or had been taken prifoners fince the war, were incorporated in Hyder's line of difciplined infantry. All thefe forces of whatever fort, were in his own immediate pay; exclufive of feveral bodies of native troops, who, under their relpective Poligars or Raja's, had joined him as alles, or followers of his fortune, fince the commencement of the war. If to thefe we add the Lafcars, pioneers, and artificers, who compofed a numerous body, along with the other numberless followers of an Indian camp, the whole will form fuch a multitude, as may afford no very inadequate idea of the antient eaftern armies. at this very time Tippoo Saib, Hyder's fon, was befieging Wandewath, with 30,000 men. Yet Notwithstanding this mighty force, the unexpected determination and approach of the enemy, afforded the greateft fatisfaction to Sir Eyre Coote, who wifhed for nothing to much as a ge neral engagement, but was crippled in fuch a manner, from the want of cavalry, and all the means of expeditious movement, that it was impoffible for him to compel Hyder to abide that, iffue. The valour and excellency of his troops, fupplied, with their general, the defect of number. The inequality in that refpect was too great to bear a comparifon, in all others they were unrivalled. His Europeans amounted to about 1,700 men, and his Sepoys were fcarcely lefs to be depended on. One of the great difficulties which he had to encounter, was the total impoffibility of obtaining any information of the enemy's state or polition. Such clouds of Hyder's cavalry hovered round the English camp, and covered the country on all fides farther than the eye could reach, that the fending out of a reconnoitring party was not only impracticable, but even a single man could not elcape detection; fo that of all the fcouts whom the general difpatched for intelligence, not one ever returned, and no farther knowledge of the fituation of the enemy could be obtained, than the thort view from his own advanced pofts admitted. Thus forced to make his way in the dark, no previous difpofition could be made, por plan of action formed; and Sir Eyre Coote was in the fingular fituation, of being obliged to truft entirely to his own genius, and to the quicknefs and fertility of his refource, for making his difpofitions in the face of an enemy fo infinitely fuperior. At five in the morning, the army began to draw out from the camp at Porto Novo; and at leven, commenced its Julyft, march, with the fea, at no great dif- 1781. tance on the right. Small as it was, and the ut. molt exertion of every fingle man it contained evidently neceffary, to the purpose of attacking and forcing to prodigious an army, in a chofen and fortified fituation, yet the general was under the hard neceffity of drawing off a confiderable detachment from his line, for the protection, during the march and action, of the baggage and of the numerous followers of the camp from that multitude of Hyder's irregular cavalry, who, upon the first opening, would be ready t~ Cc a |