3. I met a little cottage girl,

She was eight years old, she said.

A word used for a noun is called a pronoun. By the use of the pronoun, we can designate a person or thing without naming it. The pronoun I designates the speaker without mention of his name; the pronoun it refers without naming it to something that has been previously mentioned, etc.

EXERCISE I.

Mention the pronouns in the following sentences, and state for what each is used:

1. Train up a child in the way he should go.

2. Nearly all the night insects are comparatively noiseless in their flight.

3. The books remain where you left them.

4. When I turned again to look for the bird, I could not see it.

5. Trust men and they will be true to you; treat them greatly and they will show themselves great.

6.

Not a soldier discharged his farewell shot

O'er the grave where our hero we buried. 7. She folded her arms beneath her cloak.

8. As the route of the friends lay in the same direction, they agreed to perform the rest of their journey together.

9. So intent were the servants upon their sports, that we had to ring repeatedly before we could make ourselves heard.

10. A belted kingfisher suddenly appeared in the air just in front of me, where he hovered for a moment as if doubtful whether to fly over us and go up the river or to turn

about and retreat before us.

EXERCISE II.

Write sentences containing pronouns used for

I. The name of the speaker.

2. The name of a person spoken to.

3. The name of a person spoken of.

4. The names of two or more persons spoken of.

5. The names of the speaker and others.

6. The name of a thing that has been previously mentioned.

7. The names of two or more things that have been previously mentioned.

LESSON V.

ADJECTIVES.

Find the words in the following sentences that are used with nouns, to describe or point out the things named : —

1. A small boat approached the shore.

2. The plant had glossy leaves.

3. Two doves circled in the air.

4. This package was not opened.

The word small describes the particular kind of boat that is meant. The word the limits the application of the noun plant to a particular plant.

A word that describes or limits the meaning of another word is said to modify that word; as, clear water; the boy.

A word used to modify a noun or a pronoun is called an adjective.

an

Mention five adjectives that are used with nouns, to express the kind or quality of the objects named; five adjectives that denote quantity or number; three adjectives that point out the thing spoken of.

EXERCISE I.

Name the adjectives in the following sentences, and state the use of each:

I. Two ships were anchored in the bay.
2. Blue were her eyes as the fairy flax.
3. A wise son maketh a glad father.
4. Brave hearts we

ady for bold deeds.

5. These people are nonest, kind-hearted, and industrious. 6. The statue is nearly seven feet in height.

7. The wax candles were now lighted, and showed a handsome room, well provided with rich furniture.

8. The doe was a beauty, with slender limbs, not too heavy flanks, round body, and aristocratic head, with small ears, and luminous, intelligent, affectionate eyes.-C. D. WARNER. His withered cheek and tresses gray, Seemed to have known a better day.

9.

Example.-The adjectives in the first sentence are two and the. Two shows how many ships were anchored in the bay, and the points out a particular bay.

EXERCISE II.

Write five sentences containing adjectives used to show

1. What kind of thing is meant.

2. How many things are meant.

3. How much of a quantity is mentioned.
4. Which thing is spoken of.

LESSON VI.

VERBS.

Point out the words in the following sentences, that tell or assert something of the thing named :

1. Birds sing.

2. The wind blows.

3. He is a soldier.

A word that asserts is called a verb

The sun rose.

The word that denotes the person or thing about which the assertion is made is called the subject* of the verb; as, The sun rose.

EXERCISE I.

Mention the verbs in the following sentences, and state what each tells:

1. The curfew tolls the knell of parting day.

2. He springs from his hammock, he flies to the deck. 3. The pigeons fly in great clouds from village to village.

4. The kettle sings, the cat in chorus purrs.

5. They robbed the wild bees of their honey, and chased the deer over the hills.

6. The horses neighed, and the oxen lowed.

7. She pointed to the web of beautifully woven cloth in the loom.

8. A fire blazed brightly on the hearth.

9. The shadows dance upon the wall.

* See foot-note on page 88.

IO.

When breezes are soft and skies are fair,

I steal an hour from study and care.

II. Thus the night passed. The moon went down; the stars grew pale; the cold day broke; the sun rose.

EXERCISE II.

Write sentences containing the following words used (1) as nouns, (2) as verbs:

Point out the words in the following sentences that show how,

or where actions were performed:

1. The boat moves slowly.

2. He always spoke the truth.

3. The child stood here.

when,