The following is a table of government statistics of natural

gas in the United States in 1901, as reported by 1,545 persons,

With regard to the

chief

States producing natural gas it

may be noted that West Virginia is the hope of the future for

the continued supply of gas fuel to Pennsylvania and Ohio. Its rock-bound reservoirs lie deeply buried in the folds of strata over many square miles that have recently been proved, by wells of remarkable volume and pressure, to contain great reservoirs of this most precious fuel.

During the last year Lewis, Harrison, Marion, Monongalia, and Wetzel counties have produced some remarkable wells from the Gordon sand, the Stray sand, the Fifth, and the Elizabeth or Bayard sands, which are from 2,700 to 3,200 feet in depth, and have a volume of from 10,000,000 to 15,000,000 cubic feet in twenty-four hours, and a rock pressure of from 1,000 to 1,300 pounds per square inch. The other counties that have more or less natural gas are Tyler, Ritchie, Doddridge, Marshall, Wood, Wirt, Roane, Calhoun, Boone, Mingo, Kanawha, Logan, and Gilmer.

A number of the largest natural-gas companies in western Pennsylvania get more or less of their supply from West Virginia, and as there are several of them extending their lines farther south, as well as enlarging them, the indications are that the years to come will see very large quantities of natural gas supplied by this State to Pennsylvania and Ohio. There is more natural gas consumed uncredited in this State in the development of the petroleum than in any other.

One of the great centres of gas production in Ohio is the Sugar Grove Field, 150 miles to the south-west. A number of additional towns were supplied from this field during the last two years, and this has caused a great reduction in its pressure, which has declined from 750 pounds to the square inch until the average pressure was less than 160 pounds at the close of 1901, although there was an average pressure of 350 pounds at the close of 1900. This shows the immense drain on this pool, which must have supplied over $1,500,000 of the

total $2,147,215 produced during the year 1901.

There was a

new pool of natural gas developed in Morgan Township, Knox County, from the same horizon as that found in the Sugar Grove field.

stones.

Natural gas is found over a very large area in the western portion of New York in a number of different sands and limeThe counties of New York State producing natural gas are Allegany, Cattaraugus, Erie, Livingston, Niagara, Onondaga, Ontario, Oswego, Seneca, and Steuben. The value of the

natural gas produced in 1901 was $293,232, being a considerable decrease as compared with the year previous, while the value of the amount consumed was $1,694,925, showing that only about 18 per cent. is produced in the State. The number of wells producing at the close of 1901 was 580, as compared with 535 at the close of 1900. There were 1,096 miles of natural-gas mains from two inches and over in use in New York State at the close of 1901.

No other State increased as largely in the production of natural gas as Kansas during 1901, and south-eastern Kansas seems awakening to the fact that it has buried under its fertile, gently undulating surface reservoirs of the most valuable fuel, and is capable of furnishing large quantities to private consumers and manufacturers at low prices.

The chief natural-gas district in Canada is in the province of Ontario. The Welland County field in Ontario, near Buffalo, continues to furnish gas to Buffalo, N. Y. The Essex County field formerly furnished a large amount of natural gas to Detroit, Mich. There is some natural gas natural gas found in the oil region between Petrolia and Sarnia, which is mostly used in gas-engines that are pumping oil wells.

The value of natural gas piped from Canada to the United States and consumed in the cities of Detroit and Buffalo during the year 1901 amounted to $361,719, as compared with $672,362 in the year 1900, a decrease of $310,643. The supply was shut off from Detroit, Mich., the latter part of August, 1901, by order of the Canadian government, which accounts in part for the large falling off in the amount exported into the United States during 1901.

CARDINAL BARNABÒ.

A REMINISCENCE.

BY R. H., D.D.

BOUT the middle of the century just passed (from 1855 to 1861), as an alumnus of the college, I lived under the same roof and came into occasional contact with this great man, the chief in those days of the Sacred Congregation of Propaganda. In reviving his memory I write of him only as he was known to us students, with whom he often mingled familiarly. I know nothing and state nothing of his official career except that it was conducted amid the travail of great issues for religion in Rome and abroad, and was marked by signal skilfulness and

success.

Indeed, it may be truthfully averred that there was not one, in the long line of cardinal prefects of Propaganda, all equally eminent in station and title, more eminent in character and powerful in action than Cardinal Barnabò.

But, little knew, little recked we, students of that day, of the solemn deliberations and decisions of the Consistorial Court holding its sessions over the way on its side of the quadrangle facing our class-rooms. Cardinal Barnabò was to us the Students' Cardinal. In this character alone he was known and beloved by us all. As such he is well remembered still by the small remnant of living alumni who once enjoyed his gracious

converse.

He would throw off at intervals, and for moments all too brief, the cares of his high office and come across to mingle with us in chapel, in refectory, at recreation. In old Rome he would appear among us to relieve our routine and lighten our labors. In old Tusculum, during our long, bright autumn holidays, he would often come suddenly upon us, enlivening the whole scene with his presence and lavishing on us treasures of wit, eloquence, poetry, and practical wisdom. He was a man of many and great parts, only revealed in those familiar social gatherings when the stern duties of office were laid aside for a

passing moment. In all he did or said he was at all times simple and grand, exalted and lowly. This is what I meant when calling him the Students' Cardinal, and the term will be made more clear presently when I come to particulars of his intercourse with the college.

But here I deem it the place to note the relation of the College of Propaganda, a complete establishment in itself, with the Sacred Congregation of Propaganda, of which it is a subject appendage.

It is not apparent that the foundation of a foreign missionary college in connection with the Sacred Congregation was contemplated in the original design of the said congregation. Indeed, the two establishments were instituted at diferent periods by different Pontiffs. The Sacred Congregation of Cardinals de propaganda fide was established by Gregory XV. (1622). The College of Propaganda was founded by Urban VIII. (1644), and its management was entrusted by him to the aforesaid congregation. Hence the college is called Collegium Urbanum and the students sign themselves A. C. U.— i. e., Alumnus Collegii Urbani. So the college grew rapidly by the side and into the heart of the congregation. But its direct management is in the hands of a rector and his various assistants. Its professors are ecclesiastics from the city, of noted scholarship in the various branches they teach from lowest grammar to highest dogma. They do not reside in the college. They have nothing to do with its management. They come daily at their appointed hours, give their lessons or lectures, and then retire to their homes. Even the confessors are non-resident, and have no concern whatever with the external discipline of the house. These are the cream of the spiritual directors and devout men of the city. They hear and counsel their student penitents, and go their way till next week, or some intervening great festival demand their presence again. There is, however, a resident padre spirituale, whose duty it is to preach a short sermon to the whole college every Sunday and give religious instruction to the students in grammar or the humanities. Some of them are very young. He may also be chosen by any individual student as confessor, and in that and other spiritual respects he is a most useful personage as a resident in the college. But he has nothing whatever to say in the matter of order or discipline. There the rector is absolute