Shingles, a kind of corrofive, cutaneous Inflam- Small-Pox, a contagious Diftemper breaking out on the Skin in numerous Puftules, which Squinancy, the fame as Quinfey. Sterility, Barrenness, which arifes from various Stiches, acute Pains in the Side. Stone, a Concretion of the harder Parts of the Strangury, a Difficulty of Urine attended with Syncope, a fudden Fainting or Swooning away. Tabes, a Confumption, or Decay of Mufcular Tenefmus, a continual Inclination to go to Stool, but ineffectual. Tentigo,a continued painful Erection of the Yard. Tympany, the Dropfy which fwells the Abdo- Vapours, the Difsorders of the Viscera of the Vertigo, Giddinefs; a Disorder of the Brain, Vomiting, a cafting up the Contents of the Sto- Xerophthalmia, a Diftemper otherwise call'd the SURGERY defined. A Surgeon, tions. SURGERY. CHIRURGERY, or (as it is commonly call'd) Surgery, is the Art of the Chirurgeon or Surgeon; and is that Branch of the Art of Healing, which is perform'd by Manual Operation, and with proper Inftruments. A SURGEON therefore is one who has a bis Qualifica- tolerable Skill in Anatomy, Medicine, and other Parts of Learning; a Man of good Experience, great Dexterity, an unfhaken Courage, and steady Hand; a clear Sight, quick Thought, and of an ingenuous and honest Mind. Divers Kinds of Disorders. Tumours. Afluxion. Congestion. Particular In Surgery we confider (1.) The Subject of the Art, Difeafes. (2.) The Manner of Cure. (3.) The Medicines appropriated thereto. (4) The Manual Operations. (5.) The Inftruments ufed therein. THOSE Diseases which afflict the human Body, and demand the Care and Affiftance of the Surgeon, are of the following Kinds. (1.) Tumours, or Swellings. (2.) Ulcers, or running Sores. (3.) Fistula's. (4.) Inflammations, or Strumcus Disorders. (5.) Wounds. (6.) Gangrena's, or Mortification. (7.) Diflocations. (8.) Fractures, or broken Bones. TUMOURS are generally occafion'd by a preternatural Quantity of Humours on the Part, either by a fudden and violent Courfe, call'd Affluxion; or elfe by little and little, call'd Congeftion. But thofe Tumours which confift of a Collection of Pus or Matter, are call'd Apofiems or Impofthumes; and any Tumour is call'd an Abfcefs. THE Caufes of Tumours are various; as a contagious Air, hard Bandage, Bliftering, Wounds and and Bruises, ill Humours, Flatuolities, Inflam mation, &c. Tumours may be diftributed into the following The Kinds of Kinds, (1.) Phlegmonic, or Inflammatory; as the Tumours. Ophthalmia in the Eye; Angina or Quinfey, in Phlegmonic. the Throat; the Pleurify in the Pleura, or Side of the Breaft; a Peripneumony in the Lungs; a Bubo in the Groins, &c. (2.) Odematous, or Odematous. cold aqueous Tumours; of which fome have their Matter contain'd in a Cyftis or Bag; as the Atheroma, Steatoma, and Meliceris: Others not, as Pfydracium, Ficus, Talpa, Nata, Lupia, Ganglion, &c. (3.) Scirrhous Tumours, which confift in an Induration of the Glands, from gritty, Scirrhous. obstructed Matter; as happens to the Liver in a Jaundice, or the like. Such an Induration is call'd indifferently by the Names Scirrbus, Scirrboma, and Scirrhofis. (4.) Aqueous Tumours, Aqueous. fuch as proceed from a preternatural Redundancy, or an Extravafation of the Serum of the Blood in the outer Parts of the Body; which in the Head is call'd Hydrocephalus; in the 'Belly, Afcites; in the Scrotum, Hydrocele, or Hernia aquofa. (5.) Strumous Swellings which proceed Strumous or from an Obítruction and Erofion of the Glands, Scrophulous. the Matter whereof is contain'd in a Cyftis; this Sort of Tumour is various in its Nature, and call'd the Struma, Scrophula, or King's-Evil, from an idle Conceit of its being curable by the Royal Touch. ULCERS are the next Clafs of Difeafes Ulcers. above recited, and are defined to be a preternatural Discharge of Matter of various Kinds, from a Solution of Continuity or Texture of the Part, with Lofs of Subftance. This Solution proceeds from fome diftemper'd Humours, eroding the Part by their virulent Particles, or from Wounds, &c. which in time degenerate to Ulcers. OF Several Sorts. Herpes. Nome. OF Ulcers, the more fimple affect the Skin and Cuticle only, but others reach deep into the Flesh. Of ulcerous Disorders are reckon'd the following. (1.) The Herpes exedens, which rifeth on the Skin in little Tubercles, and with ulcerous Orifices, containing a very corrofive and Phagedana. penetrating Matter. (2.) Phagedana, which lies deep, with tumified Lips, and erodes the Part by corrofive Humours. (3.) Nome, a feeding or confuming Ulcer, which brings on a Putrefaction of the Part. (4.) Cancer or Carcinoma, a direful Sort of Ulcer, too well known. (5) Lupus, or Wolf, a devouring Ulcer of the PhaNoli-me-tan- gedanic Kind, in the Thigh or Leg. (6.) Nolime-tangere, a fore fcabby Ulcer, difficult of Cure. (7.) Achor, a fcabby ulcerous Tumour, in the Skin of the Head. (8.) Favus, an UIcer with Matter refembling Honey. (9.) Ozena, a malignant Ulcer in the Noftrils, eroding the Parts, and very difficult of Cure. Cancer. Lupus. gere. Achor. Favus. Fiftula's. Inflamma tions. FISTULA'S are but old Ulcers, with callous Lips, penetrating with finuous Cavities even to the Bones, which are render'd foul and fanious by the fetid virulent Matter of the Fiftula: For a Fistula lies deep, and ouzes out its Matter thro' long, narrow, winding Paffages like Pipes, whence their Name. So when the Tumour in the great Corner of the Eye, call'd Anchylops, or Egilops, is neglected, it produces the Fiftula Lachrymalis; from a Phlegmon in the Breaft ill cured comes the Fiftula Thoracis; and an Inflammation in the Fundament often degenerates to a Fiftula in Ano. INFLAMMATIONS and Strumous Disorders proceed from an Obstruction of the Blood-Veffels, whereby the Blood is crouded in a greater Quantity upon the Part, and fo receives a greater Colour and Heat than is ufual, 1 and by eroding the Glands, produces all Kinds of Strumous or Scrophulous Indurations and Diftempers of thofe Parts, moft of which have been already mention'd. WOUNDS make the fifth Clafs of human Wounds. Difafters, which come under the Surgeon's Care. A Wound is defined to be a Solution of Continuity in any Part of the Body. Under this Denomination are reckon'd (1.) Cuts and Incifions. (2.) Punctures by fharp-pointed Inftruments. (3.) Contufions or Bruifes by any external violent Force imprefs'd. (4.) All Gun-Shot Wounds. (5.) All Sprains or Strains occafion'd by a forcible and violent Tenfion or Stretching of the Part beyond its natural Tone or Tenour, attended with Pain, Debility, and Inflammation. GANGRENES and Mortifications make the Gangrenes. next Part of the Tragedy of human Life. A Mortification is when the natural Heat of a Limb is in Part extinguifh'd, and therefore the Limb in Part render'd infenfible, discolour'd, and cold. But when the natural Heat is quite extinct, &c. it is call'd a Sphacelus, or Sphacelation; in this Cafe the natural Juices having loft their proper Motions, fall into a fermentative one, and thus corrupt and deftroy the Texture, and vital State, and Functions of the Part affected; which then is faid to gangrene, mortify, or be fphacelated. DISLOCATIONS are Disorders refpecting Dislocations. the Bones, and are fometimes call'd Luxations, and are when any Bone becomes disjointed, or put out of its natural Place and Situation; which is caused by various Accidents, and may happen to almost all the Articulations of the Bones. FRACTURES of the Bones make the laft Fractures. Divifion of Chirurgic Disorders. The Fracture of a Bone is a Solution of Continuity, or of the Texture |