He and Willie !—there he frowned, and sternly shone in the dark colorless sky. The murmur refused to dwell on the retrospection. He walk-of the waves beating on the shore came ever and ed quickly on, with lips sturdily compressed and anon-a quiet sound and happy. brows knitted, resolved to shut his mind on all softening influences; but he could not- - the thoughts came again, and would not be repulsed. He lifted his eyes to the sky, and the myriad stars were shining down on him with a kind of smile the same smile as that of long ago.

He could not sleep that night. He lay very quiet, but with a world of busy thoughts fluttering about his heart, striving for entrance. The moonlight streamed in through a crack in the blind, and lit up the dreary, comfortless room. Laurence closed his eyes suddenly. The moonbeams brought a remembrance with them that he would not welcome.

There came a sound of music outside in the frosty street.

The waits. And they played the old, old tune two boys had listened to years ago at Cheriton. Very strangely it sounded on Laurence's ears -strangest of all because it seemed so familiar. With a mysterious, irresistible power the sweet, solemn strain smote on his closed heart, and even before he recognized it he had yielded to its power, and, wondering the while, felt the hot tears bubbling thickly to his eyes.

Only two days before, William Carr had come to live at Cheriton in the old house. It was nothing altered; there were the same many-paned windows, quaint corners, and gabled ends; the same surrounding domain of garden, with the grove of trees beyond, behind which the icy moon was rising even now.

At the bay window of the oak-panelled parlor sat William and his wife, with their two children, watching the pale light trembling between the branches of the gloomy firs. The firelight flashed and glowed within the room, lighting up the pictures on the walls, the books, and prints, and drawings scattered on the table, and the graceful groups of winter flowers lavishly disposed, as women love to have them-everywhere. Alice rested beside her father-his hand wandered among her bright curls; but he was looking towards the fir grove, and his thoughts had travelled back many, many years. His wife's eyes were fixed on his face; she could read the language of that sad, wistful look; she knew how eloquently everything he saw spoke to his heart of the old happy childish days-tender, pathetic memories that she also loved so dearly for his sake.

And then came thronging the recollections of the olden days-vanished the intervening years The children prattled gayly for some time, but like an obscuring smoke, leaving clear and vivid at length their voices ceased; they were subdued the memory of the happy, innocent time, when into stillness by the untoward gravity of their he was a boy, and Willie was his dear brother. father. Never had they seen him so sorrowful, The pleasant home, the kind father, and-gent- and they marvelled in their innocent hearts; for lest thought of all-the mother who had been he was happy, they knew, at coming back to wont every night to hang over her boys in their Cheriton-to his old home. All the afternoon little white bed, and lingeringly kiss them ere he had been pointing out to them his favorite they went to sleep. How plainly he remembered haunts-his garden, his tree with the seat under all-the childish face with its golden curls; he it, and the little room where he used to sleep.— opened his eyes, almost expecting to see it on the He had been so smiling and glad then. What pillow beside him. No! the moonlight only fell could make Papa look grieved now? on his own thin, wrinkled hand, worn and shri- Awed by the mystery, they gave their goodvelled with the troubles and the cares of well-night kiss with added tenderness, but silently; nigh sixty years.

Prayerful thoughts, long strange to him, alas! came instinctively to his mind, and he heard, low and soft, but clear, and blending with the music in the street, the voice of his mother, sounding as of old when she read to her little sons from the large Book on her knee. He heard solemn, slow, and sweet, the Divine words-" And this commandment I leave with you, that ye love one another." He saw the dear mother's eyes as they rested on her boys with such an infinite yearning tenderness in their depths. He could tell now, what that earnest look meant. He could guess, too, something of what were her thoughts, when of ten in their childish quarrels she would draw little Willie close to her side, and then pass her arm round the strong, active, vigorous Laurence, whispering, "Don't be harsh with Willie; take care of Willie. Love each other always, my boys-my darlings."

The waits ceased-the air was silent-but here was music still in the heart of Laurence Carr.

Christmas Day at Cheriton was drawing to its close. The evening bells were ringing-the stars

and silently followed their mother from the room. But she returned almost immediately, and stole softly behind the chair wherein her husband sat, still looking forth with that silent, longing, regretful look. Even when he felt her arm round his neck he did not turn. But she spoke softly

"Dearest, I know. But be comforted. It will be made right some day. Perhaps before another Christmas. God has been so good to us, he will not deny this one blessing you so crave, so pray for."

And William folded her to his heart, and smiled. Mary's voice never sounded in his ears but to create peace, or to add to content. When she left him again, the moonlight fell on his face, and showed it calm, hopeful and serene.

There came a heavy tread on the stone steps, leading to the entrance-door, and then the great bell rang startlingly through the quiet house.William rose, and himself went to meet the intruder.

Fairly, clearly, purely gleamed the moonlight in at the window; warm and generous glowed the fire, revealing the pleasant home-like aspect of the room.

So William threw back his gray hair from his stretched towards him, and a voice uttered only brows-a boyish habit, continued ever since the one wordtime of golden curls-and went to the outer door, unbarred and opened it.

"Brother!"

William's joyful cry answered him; then, like A gush of chill, sharp air-the sound of the Joseph of old, he fell upon his neck, and sea, like a far-off chant-the moonbeams, white wept."

on the stone porch and pavement-and a dark And at the door where the two children had figure standing motionless there-this was what so often entered from their play, the two grayWilliam felt, and heard, and saw, the first mo- haired men stood, the Christmas stars shining on their faces.

ment.

The next a face looked on him, a hand was

JOHN KITTO, D. D.

WE have to announce the death of Dr. Kitto, at Cannstatt, near Stuttgard, on the 25th ult. Though publicity was given by himself, in his lifetime, to the chief incidents in his career, we shall be pardoned for offering a brief outline. The history of literature can hardly furnish more striking example of the "pursuit of knowledge under difficulties."

a

to the Continent; but the deaths, in rapid succession, of his youngest and his eldest child, neutralized the benefit which might otherwise have been looked for from the change, and a third fit extinguished the feeble remains of life.

ruption till within a few months of his decease. His exertions seem to have been prompted, from an early age, by a strong sense of duty; the duty of self-improvement, and of doing some service to the world. More palpable motives to laborious diligence were presented in the claims of an aged mother and a rapidly increasing family. But his physical infirmity placed him at a disadvantage; and for several years before his death he was exposed to pecuniary difficulties, John Kitto was born at Plymouth, on the 4th which his pension of 100l. a year did not wholly of December 1804. His family was of Cornish remove. It is feared that he fell a victim to hard origin; and in his "Lost Senses-Deafness," he work and overpowering anxiety. A neuralgic speculates on the probability of his descent from affection of two years' standing was followed, a Phoenician ancestry. His father, who began last spring, by a paralytic or quasi paralytic life as a master builder, had, like Falstaff, a kind attack. Through the kindly help of friends, the of "alacrity in sinking;" he became reduced to sufferer was removed in August, with his family, the position of a jobbing mason, in which business young Kitto's help was required at a very early age. While the boy was thus occupied, in February 1817, a fall from the top of a house totally destroyed his sense of hearing. His previous education had been meagre; but the love Dr. Kitto's writings are well known. With a of reading, which he had already acquired, be- few exceptions (relating chiefly to his own discame the solace of his loneliness and the founda- ability, and to his reminiscences of travel), they tion of his attainments. In 1819, his parents aim, directly or indirectly, at the illustration of being unable to maintain or to find suitable the Sacred Scriptures. This was his chosen deemployment for him, placed him in the workhouse; whence he was removed, in 1821 to be-artment of labor; and in it he attained a high degree of eminence.-Athenæum. come an apprentice to a shoemaker. His master was a coarse tyrant. The poor boy appealed to the magistrates. His written statement was Mr. Baily's last statue, the Morning Star, just marked by a striking propriety of sentiment and erected in the Egyptian Hall, at the Mansion diction. The indentures were cancelled, and he House, is one of the most ideal of his works. It returued to the workhouse-to him a welcome represents a half-draped colossal female figure refuge. He was not idle there. In 1823, his tal-lifting a veil from her face, and looking forth on ents and capabilities being better understood, he was enabled by the kindness of two gentlemen of the neighborhood, to publish a small volume of essays and letters, and was placed in a position less unfavorable to self improvement.

the awaking world. Over the features there is a calm repose and a spiritual dignity,-which we should scarcely have expected to have seen from a sculptor whose forte is so peculiarly the gentler and more tender passions. Pure English The next ten years of Dr. Kitto's life appear womanhood, the dignity of matronly modesty, to have been spent in travelling or residing abroad. the shrinking innocence of the virgin, have all He journeyed over a large part of Europe and vivified the marble of this artist: here we have Asia, and acquired that familiarity with the a higher flight into a more ethereal region, quite scenery and customs of the East which was after- away from even the virtues of this planet. We wards of such signal service in the department rejoice to see the imagination of our first English of literature to which he became devoted. Re- sculptor growing pure with age; breaking away turning to England in 1833, he gained attention from the cravings of impatient vanity and the by a series of papers in the Penny Magazine' mock mourning of pompous monuments, to under the title "The Deaf Traveller;" and hav-create this poem in stone, not quite an epic, but ing married, commenced a course of literary still a beautiful lyric,—original, pure, vigorous, activity which was continued without inter-and chaste.

DLXI. LIVING AGE. VOL. VIII. 30

From The Athenæum.

LORD DUDLEY STUART.

In a notice of Lord Dudley Stuart, written with intimate and affectionate knowledge of the subject, in last week's Examiner, we find an anecdote which we have ourselves heard with a difference-worth a recording note. Says our contemporary :-

his prisoner was refused any further indulgence, but his life was saved. This, however, was not enough for Lord Dudley Stuart; he determined to effect the man's liberation. He had heard of a certain lawyer who was supposed capable, by some mysterious means, of effecting even a task so hopeless as the liberation of a political prisoner in Sardinia. The lawyer was consulted, but

demanded a hundred ducats before he would undertake the business. Some of Lord Dudley's friends, who had heard of the circumstance, derided what they considered so foolish and Quixotic a scheme. Lord Dudley, however, did not think the price too much, even for the chance of delivering a fellow creature from such bondage. He paid the money, asking (according to the contract) no questions as to its application. Some months after, whilst at Naples, Lord Dudley was surprised by a man rushing into his room, and throwing himself at his feet. It was the prisoner of Villa Franca. A free pardon had been forwarded to the governor."

at once,

"He [Lord Dudley] was residing at Nice, one of the stations where, during her long pilgrimage on the Continent, overcome by her protracted and ultimately fatal illness, the Marchioness of Bute remained for some months. Within a few miles of Nice is a prison where (perhaps it is the case still) the worst criminals of Sardinia were confined. It is situated in a most lovely country, and the countless travellers who pass Villa Franca have little idea of the inferno existing in their neighborhood. Below the level of the sea there is a vast dungeon, in which the prisoners were chained, in a double row, to two long iron bars that traverse the whole length of the chamber. Our version of the anecdote is this:-After Only once for about an hour in the day were they the first sum of money was paid, some time permitted to walk in the yard of the prison. elapsed, during which the Liberator fancied Never at any other time, day or night, were their that the mysterious agents were at work. A chains unloosened. Lord Dudley was permitted second application came for money. Deeply to visit this dungeon and to converse with the interested in the prisoner, Lord Dudley sent it prisoners. He was particularly struck with the with the same reserve as before, askappearance of one man, whose face had no felonious expression, yet who was doubly ironed, and ing no questions, and trusting in the unknown who was denied the indulgence of seeing the light, agent of the destinies. Time sped,--and no like the others, one hour in the day. The man result. The Englishman had gone to reside was a political prisoner. He had dared to cry-in Genoa. At length comes a third applica"Viva la constituzione," and for that offence was tion for money. Patience is now exhausted; condemned for life to this living tomb. Lord and, supposing that he has been made the Dudley (then a very young man) immediately victim of a sharper, Lord Dudley writes an sought to effect some mitigation of his sufferings. indignant refusal, puts the letter in his pocket, Professing that he could not endure the stench of and walks to the Post-office. As his hand is the dungeon, he requested permission to con- raised to drop the letter into the box, a thought verse with the prisoner in the open air. The fa- strikes him: what if the lawyer be honestly vor was granted, and by paying a daily visit to Villa Franca Lord Dudley secured a few minutes working for the poor wretch's liberation, and of sunshine and fresh air to the captive. But he has found more rascals to bribe than he had was suffering from a tumor in the throat; and an counted on at first? It is but a few pounds. English surgeon brought by Lord Dudley de- Perhaps the man's life is hanging on the turn clared that the man must die unless an operation of his thought. This "perhaps" decides it. were performed. It was contrary to the regula-He will give him one more chance. He tears tions that this should be undertaken by any but up his letter of refusal-sends the money— the surgeon of the prison, who, as the prisoner and hears no more about it until the poor declared, had already forced a knife into his neck fellow breaks in upon him at Naples. The

with no other effect than that of making him

worse. An opportunity was therefore seized man is still alive-or was a few months agowhen the officials were not on the watch, and the a prosperous citizen. He resides in Tuscany: tumor was successfully opened by the English--and entertains a very pardonable idolatry man, to the great indignation of the governor of the name of Dudley Stuart.

TO A GENT.

BELIEVE me, if all those ridiculous charms,
Which I see on thy watch-guard to-day,
Were to-morrow locked up at the Lombardy
Arms,

Thine uncle's advance to repay,

Thou would'st still look the snob which this moment thou art,

(Let thy vanity think what it will,)

For those blazing red buttons, that shirt-front so

smart,

And those studs, prove thy gentishness still.

From Tait's Magazine.

wives lay in their winter provisions. In short,

THE JEWISH SUBJECTS OF THE RUS- whether you would eat or drink, rest or travel,

SIAN CZAR.

change your lodging or renew you toilet in Poland, you must have recourse to the Jews, MUCH interest was awakened, a short time who divide among themselves houses, inns, ago, by an account in the daily papers of a lands, and every description of property bevisit paid by Sir Moses Montefiore to what longing to the Christians; so that each Jew has were called his Russian co-religionists among his prescribed field of activity, from which he the prisoners of war brought home by our may draw as much profit as it will yield, while ships. The interest felt would no doubt have he is strictly prohibited from trespassing upon been greater still, had the history of the Jew- the hunting-grounds of his neighbors. The ish communities to which these individuals Jews swarm in the streets of the towns throughbelong been better known. This history, in a out all the Polish provinces, and are met also consecutive form and in a philosophical spirit, in great numbers in the villages and on the remains to be written; but in the meanwhile a high-roads; ever busy in turning a penny, but few jottings relative to the past and present con- almost invariably presenting a picture of squalid dition of the Jews among whom Russia recruits misery, and mental and moral degradation painher fleets and her armies, may prove acceptable. ful to behold, and in strange contrast with The indiscriminate application of the name their importance as the monopolizers of almost of Russian to the various peoples under the all the industrial activity in the society amid dominion of the Tzar, is one among the many which they live, and with their numbers, which indications of how imperfect a knowledge we amounting to upwards of two millions and a have hitherto had of the true constitution of the half, must give them a certain weight in the colossal empire with which we are at present State: and the stranger inquires, with startled engaged in so close a struggle. In no case is curiosity, how it is that a people has so multithe denomination more inapplicable than in that plied on a soil which seems to deny them every of the Israelites who live under the sceptre of comfort of life. the Tzars, but who have never been tolerated There are, perhaps, few instances in history on Russian soil. From the early times this in which we can trace in such unmistakable people was denied the right of establishing evidences the elevating influences of just laws, themselves in the Russian dominions, and to and the debasing effects of lawlessness and perthis day they are not allowed to sojourn for any secution, on communities as well as on the length of time in Russia proper; and it was individuals who compose them, as in the case of not until Poland was brought under subjection the Jews of Poland. At a very early period to the Russian Tzars, that the latter ever of Polish history, when in other Christian councounted any Jewish communities among their tries the commonest rights of humanity were subjects. Poland, on the contrary, may be con- denied to the Israelites, they enjoyed in Poland sidered the home of the Jews in Europe; for in the protection of the laws; and in the 14th that country their numbers amount to that of century, when the most atrocious persecutions a nation, and they hold a position which, how- drove them from all the Western countries of ever degraded it be, gives them a certain weight Europe, they flocked in thousands to the banks in the State, and could under present circum- of the Vistula, where the Polish king, Casimir stances be filled by no other class. In every the Great, afforded them an asylum, and extown throughout the countries which once con- tended to them privileges commensurate with stituted the independent kingdom of Poland, those of his other subjects. Invested with the all handicrafts, with the exception of that of rights of citizens, the Jews soon became such the smith and the carpenter, all branches of in the best sense of the word, and Casimir trade, be it en gros or en détail, are in the reaped his reward in the rapid development of hands of the Jews; and no business, be it of the prosperity of his realm. The people of Pothe most important or the most insignificant land were divided into two classes: the nobles nature, can be transacted without their aid. and the peasants; the first of which considered Through the mediation of a Jew the nobleman the pursuit of commerce or of the useful arts as sells the corn grown on his estate to the skipper beneath their dignity, while the second occupied who exports it; and through the mediation of themselves exclusively with the tillage of the a Jew the serf sells his pigs and his fowls to the soil. The Jews thus proved most useful in consumer in the town. Through the mediation filling up the gap between the two; and during of a Jew the upper classes engage their servants, Casimir's reign already seventy towns arose on and sometimes even the tutors and governesses the banks of the Vistula, and commerce and for their children; and through the mediation industry were developed and flourished, these of a Jew the voiturier settles his contract with

the traveller who requires his conveyance.

Through the mediation of the Jews landlords though now prohibited by law, continues in a great This strange custom is called Chazak; and, settle conditions with their tenants, and house-measure to prevail.

branches being entirely in the hands of the the reign of anarchy commenced. The kings, Jews; who, enjoying the protection of the laws, holding the crown by the suffrages of the noand being free to follow their religious con- bles, ventured not to restrain ther unlawvictions unmolested, soon ceased in all other matters to distinguish themselves from the people of which they formed a part, and proved themselves as estimable as patriots as they were useful as citizens.

the surname of the

ments; fleeced by all kinds of taxes and extortions, and impeded in every way from gaining openly an honest livelihood, the persecuted race soon sunk down, morally and materially, to a level with their oppressed brethren in other countries, and became deserving of the repugnance they inspired; while the prosperity of the towns, the centres of the industry, commerce and riches of the country, declined, and with them the power and independence of Poland, which, invaded and partitioned, fell a victim partly to the anarchy of the nobles, partly to the influence of the Jesuits.

ful proceedings; and, fanned by the Jesuits— whose disastrous influence in Poland also dates from this period—the superstitious and fanatic hatred of the Jews, which the Polish Christians shared in common with those of Western EuThe consideration which the Jews enjoyed rope, though it had been held in check, now in Poland during this period is by popular burst forth with indescribable fury. Fortradition attributed to the influence of the beau- bidden thenceforward the privilege of bearing tiful Esterka, or Esther, a Jewish maiden, who arms or of serving the country in a civil capafor a time held captive King Casimir's fickle city; forced to take up their abode in the heart. But although Esther's influence may lowest and dirtiest quarters of the town, apart have been great, in consequence of her having from all the other inhabitants, and to wear a bestowed two sons* on the king, who had no distinguishing badge of infamy on their vestlegitimate children, and may have been exercised in favor of her race, Casimir's extension of favor and protection to the industrious and persecuted Jews was too much in accordance with the general character of the system of wise and beneficent policy which acquired for him King of the Peasants," whom also he protected from the oppression of the nobles, to need any such inspiration; and as long as his spirit continued to animate the Polish rulers, the country was prosperous and powerful. Cardinal Commendoni, the Pope's legate in Poland during the reign of the last of the Jaghellons in the 16th century, expresses as follows his surprise at finding the Jews in The numerous laws concerning the Jews that country enjoying the rights and well-which emanated after this period, having being of respected citizens, while in other parts merely reference to their relations with the of Europe they were only able to purchase a Christians, while all transactions between contemptuous toleration at the cost of im- themselves were left to the jurisdiction of the mense sums of money :rabbis, who even possessed the right of pronouncing sentence of death or of exile, the There are in these provinces a large number Israelites of Poland were thrown back upon of Jews, who are not despised as elsewhere. the Books of Moses and of the Talmud for They do not live on the vile profits of usury and their laws. Jewish customs in their most service, although they do not refuse such gains; rigid form became in consequence their rule but they possess lands, are engaged in commerce, of conduct; and thus the chasm between and even apply themselves to literature and them and their fellow-citizens grew wider and science, particularly medicine and astrology-wider; and what was at first merely a reliThey are almost everywhere entrusted with the gious difference, became a strong national anlevying of customs and tolls on the import and transport of merchandise. They possess considerable fortunes, and are not only on a level with gentlemen, but sometimes hold authority among them. They do not wear any mark to distinguish them from Christians, but are even allowed to wear a sword and to go about armed. In short, they enjoy all the rights of other citizens.

But with the extinction of the Jaghellon dynasty matters took another turn in Poland. The monarchy, which had until then been elective in name only, now became so in fact, and

tipathy, and Jew and Pole, though remaining necessary to each other, became animated by mutual hatred, disgust, and contempt. The strong prejudices which have always characterized the Hebrew race, being not only strengthened by the injustice and persecution of their antagonists, but by the study of the works, which were to them the sole fountains of law and justice, they sunk deeper and deeper in the scale of civilization, while their brethren in other lands were slowly emerging from the bondage in which the religious fanaticism of the people and the mistaken policy of the Governments had held them; and the

*The extraordinary tolerance with which the Jews must have been regarded in Poland at that time, is evidenced in the fact, that although their great mass now represent, in a hideous piceducated in the Christian faith, the ture, the degrading influences of popular fadaughters whem Esther bore to the king were al-naticism and exclusive legislation. lowed to follow their mother's religion. The rabbis-who have much to answer for

sons were