magician, as necromancer, Python, fg. I N2. causes eclipse of the moon, Sosi phanes, fg. I N2. mania, sent by gods or demons, Sophokl. Ai. 172-82; 278-9; 450-2; 457-9; 611; fg. 227 N2; Eurip. Hippol. 141-4; Achaios, fg. 30 N2. mantic, Aeschyl. Prom. 486. μaoɣadioμós, Aeschyl. Choeph. 427-30; fg. 354 N2; Sophokl. El. 444-5 and schol.; cp. O. T. 1371–3; fg. 485 n2; 566 n2. medicine, connected with witchcraft, Sophokl. Trach. 1001-3. midnight, time of the Erinyes, Aeschyl. Eum. 109. Μοίραι = the Mirae of modern Greece? Eurip. fg. 285 N2. moon, eclipse of, by magic, Sosi phanes, fg. I N2. mourning, rites of, Eurip. Alc. 428-9; s. horses; Ion, fg. 54 N2; s. pit, widow. μúpaiva, Aeschyl. Choeph. 991-2; s. ἔχιδνα. myrtle, chthonic herb, Iophon, fg. 3 N2. on tombs, Eurip. El. 512. N. Name, force of, Sophokl. O. C. 129; Eurip. Or. 37-38; Karkinos, fg. 5 N2; s. Erinys, Persephone, soul. of gods, secret, Eurip. fg. 781 N2. ominous, Sophokl. Ai. 430-3. necromancy, Aeschyl. Persae, 621 ff.; Yuxaywyoi, N2, p. 87; Sophokl. Polyeidos, fg. 366 and 367 N2 (doubtful); Eurip. Alc. 1128; fg. 912 N2; Python, fg. I N2. necromancy, by charm-song, Sophokl. El. 137-9. and prayer, Aeschyl. Choeph. 466 ff.; s. p. 6 ff. nightingale, oracle-bird, Sophokl. El. 148-9. Nile, water of, preserves from sickness, Aeschyl. Suppl. 543. nine, in purification, Sophokl. O. C. 483; s. number, three. nudity, in herb-gathering, Sophokl. fg. 491 N2; s. piloтóμo, herb. number, Aeschyl. Prom. 1014; Sophokl. O. C. 479; 483; Eurip. Hippol. 1213-4; Troad. 82-3; fg. ad. 266 N2; s. nine, three. 0. OiwvIOTIK, Aeschyl. Prom. 490–4 ; Sophokl. Antig. 999-1004; 1021; O. C. 97-8; 1313-4; O. T. 52-3; 3IO; cp. 395-7; 964-6; Eurip. Bacch. 255-7 ; Herc. fur. 596-7; Hel. 746–7; Hippol. 872-3?; 1055-9; Ion, 179-81; 375-7; Phoen. 766–7; 838-40; Suppl. 213. oiwvolérns, Sophokl. O. T. 483. olive-branch in purification, Sophokl. O. C. 484. omen, Aeschyl. 1623-4; Sophokl. El. 666-8; Eurip. Or. 787-8; Phoen. 858; fg. ad. 466 N2. in a name, Sophokl. Aias 430-3.` in sneezing, Sophokl. fg. 152 N2. in stumbling, Eurip. Heraclid. 730. omission, Aeschyl. Eum. 272–4; s. purification, silence; Sophokl. O. C. 130-3; cp. 489; O. C. 481; s. wine. oveιpoμavτeía, Sophokl. El. 498500; s. dreams. presentiments, Aeschyl. Agam. 955 6; Eurip. El. 747–9 (doubtful). Prometheus, inventor of mantic etc. Aeschyl. Prom. 486 ff. ψυχαγωγοί, s. necromancy. Psylli, fg. ad. 277 N2. purification, Aeschyl. Choeph. 959– 62; Eum. 272-4; s. omission, silence; Sophokl. O. T. 99. rites of, O. C. 466-90; s. earth, face, hands, honey, nine, olive, sunrise, three, wine, wool. and flowing water, Sophokl. O. T. 1227-8. as daily practice (exaggerated?) Eurip. fg. 773 N2. after sexual intercourse, Eurip. schol. Hecub. 53. R. Rain-charm, schol. Eurip. Phoen. 347. red, relation to the nether-world, Eurip. Or. 1431-6. revenants, Sophokl. Philoct. 624–5. and schol. right side, lucky, Sophokl. Ai. 183-4. piloróμol, use magical rites, Sophokl. fg. 491 N2; s. herbs. road to Hades, Eurip. fg. 122 N2. S. Scents, characterize the appearance of gods, Eurip. Hippol. 1391. sea, holiness of, Eurip. Hel. 1271. purifying, Sophokl. Ai. 654-6; Eurip. Iph. Taur. 1039-41 ; 1139. evil sprites, and evil in general, thrown into it, Aeschyl. Suppl. 512-3; Sophokl. O. T. 190–7; 1411-12. sea-water, Aeschyl. Persae, 575; Eurip. Hecub. 609-13; cp. 47 ; Iph. Taur. 255. shields, signs of, Aeschyl. Septem. 370-3; 380-2, and schol. 417-7; 449-52; 475-8; 495504; 522-6; 627-31; fg. 422 N2; Eurip. El. 458-75 (spec: 468-9); Phoen. 1108-36, passim; fg. 530 N2. sickness, as demon, Sophokl. O. T. 27-8. effected by witchery, Sophokl. Trach. 491-2; Eurip. Hippol. 318; S. ETαKTÓS, witchcraft. sent by gods, Eurip. fg. 292 N2. silence, Aeschyl. Eum. 272-4; s. omission, purification. snake, and eagle, Sophokl. Antig. 113-126 and schol; s. eagle, sympathy. Sophokl. fg. 617 N2; Eurip. as amulet, Eurip. Ion, 24-6; σπλауxоμаνTeía, Aeschyl. Prom. 1427-31; s. amulet. charm against, Eurip. Androm. 269-73 (doubtful). sneezing, ominous, Sophokl. fg. 152 N2; s. omen, σúμßolo. soothsayer, begging, Aeschyl. Agam. 1149; 1227-8. souls, as dogs, Eurip. fg. 469 N2 (doubtful). and Erinys. Eurip. Or. 37-8; s. Erinys; name. return to the upper world (or ascend to the ether), Sophokl. fg. 795 N2. spectres, dead as, Eurip. Alc. 1127; Phoen. 1543–5; fg. ad. 370 N2. sent by Hades, Eurip. Phoen. 810-II. by Hekate, Eurip. Hel. 569. are the swarm of Hekate, Eurip. Hel. 570; fg. ad. 375 N2. ruled by Persephone, Eurip. Ion 1048-50. unburied men become s., Eurip. Hecub. 1-54; s. burial. are harmful, fg. ad. 370 N2. are invisible? Sophokl. Ai. 301-2. appear at day or night, Eurip. Ion 1049-50. salutation of, Eurip. Hel. 569; Herc. fur. 820-1. fly through the air, Eurip. Phoen. 1543-5. and gold, Eurip. Hecub. 110. spell, Aeschyl. Eum. 81-2 (doubtful); 272-4; s. purification, Sophokl. O. T. 72. spitting (άπожTúεɩv), Aeschyl. Agam. 943-4; 1146–7; Eum. 68; 189; 299; Prom. 1068–9; fg. 354 N2; 495-500; s. also ἐμπυρομανTeía, haruspication. σπоdομаνтεíα, Sophokl. O. T. 21. stars = Herakles and Hebe, Eurip. Heraclid. 854-7. sign of apotheosis, Eurip. Heraclid. 571-2. shooting souls, Eurip. fg. 971 N2. steel-proof, Eurip. Hel. 810. sterility, cured by charms, Eurip. Med. 717-8. σтEρvóμavтis = ventriloquist. Sophokl. fg. 56 N2. stumbling, ominous, Eurip. Heraclid. 730; s. omen. sun, breaks charm, Sophokl. Trach. 606; 685; 695-7 (doubtful). invoked in charm-song? Sophokl. fg. 492 Ν2; (ῥιζοτόμοι). -rise and purification, Sophokl. O. C. 477. as bird, Aeschyl. Suppl. 202-3; s. p. 18. ouμBolo, s. sneezing. sympathy, Aeschyl. Prom. 493-4. and antipathy, Sophokl. Antig. 113-126 and schol. (eagle, snake); fg. ad. 396 N2 (ayvos and vine). T. Table, holiness of, Aeschyl. Agam. 386-7; 676 ff.; s. hearth. tears, of gods, Aeschyl. Eum. 773 ff.; 789-91. TEρασкÓTоs, Aeschyl. Eum. 62; Sophokl. O. T. 605. Thessaly, seat of witches and magicians. Eurip. F. T. G.2 p. 550-1 (Mos. Chor.); Sosiphanes, fg. 1, N2. Thrace, seat of witches, Eurip. Alc. 966-9. three, Aeschyl. Prom. 1014; Sophokl. O. C. 479; s. purification; O. C. 483; s. nine; Eurip. Hippol. 1213–14; Troad. 82-3; fg. ad. 266 n2; s. number. trifolium, magical herb, Sophokl. fg. 746 N2. turning round, forbidden in purification, Sophokl. O. C. 490; s. face. U. "Unbecried," Aeschyl. Agam. 614 5; 867-8; Septem. 5; 9; Sophokl. Ai. 187; 657-9; Trach. 604-9? fg. 458 N2; (Eurip.) Rhes. 342-5; 467-8; s. 'ASράστεια. V. Vine, chthonic, Iophon, fg. 3 N2. and ❝yvos, fg. ad. 396 N2; s. sympathy. W. Water, flowing, in purification, Sophokl. O. C. 470; 1227-8; Eurip. El. 793-4; Hippol. 6489; s. purification. waves, third the highest; s. three. wax, in magic, Sophokl. fg. 493 N2. whistling, Aeschyl. Prom. 358-9. widow, burial, traces of, Ion fg. 54 N2; s. mourning rites; s. p. 26. wine, not used in purification, Sophokl. O. C. 481; s. omission, purification. witchcraft, accounts for sickness, Sophokl. Trach. 491-2; Eurip. Hippol. 317-8; s. TaкTós, sick ness. and medicine, Sophokl. Trach. 1001-3; s. medicine. punishable by law, Eurip. Androm. 355-60; s. laws. witches, Eurip. Alc. 966-9; Androm. 159-60; Sosiphanes, fg. I N2. Thessaly their seat, Eurip. F.T.G.2, p. 550-1; Sosiphanes, fg. I N2; s. Thessaly. Thrace their seat, Eurip. Alc. 966-9; s. Thrace. Asia their seat, Eurip. Androm. 159–60; s. Asia. and moon, Sosiphanes, fg. 1, N.2; s. eclipse, moon. wizards, Aeschyl. Choeph. 810; Sophokl. Trach. 1140; Eurip. Bacch. 233-4; Hippol. 1038–40. Corinthians, a people of, schol. Eurip. Med. 11; s. Cor. Orpheus, as w., Eurip, Alc. 966-9; Cycl. 646; s. Orph. women, s. witches. wool, bands of, in purification, Sophokl. O. C. 475; s. purification. word, force of, Eurip. Herc. 1218–9; Or. 75; fg. 427 N2. ominous, Aeschyl. fg. 36 N2; s. spell, charm-song. II. Age at Marriage and at Death in the Roman Empire. BY PROF. ALBERT GRANGER HARKNESS, BROWN UNIVERSITY. I. Age at Marriage. THE general consensus of opinion among scholars in regard to the age of women at marriage in the ancient Roman Empire is that the average age was 14 years. This is the view presented by the last editions of Marquardt's "Privatleben der Roemer" (p. 29), Becker's "Gallus" (II, 12), Nissen's "Italische Landeskunde" (I, 410), and Friedlaender's "Sittengeschichte" (I, 565). The principal arguments which have led to this conclusion are as follows: (1) A statement in Epictetus on age at marriage; (2) the age of puberty in ancient Rome; (3) the legal age at marriage; (4) instances of the age at marriage contained in ancient authors; (5) the record of the age at marriage in inscriptions. This last argument seems to be generally regarded as the most important, since Friedlaender collected a large number of inscriptions which record the age of women at marriage; and the conclusion at which he has arrived in a special article devoted to this subject in his "Sittengeschichte" (I, 565-574, 6th ed.) seems to be universally accepted without question. Becker and Friedlaender lay special stress on what they regard as the definite statement of Epictetus on the average age of women at marriage (Enchiridion, 40): ai yvvaîkes εὐθὺς ἀπὸ τεσσαρεσκαίδεκα ἐτῶν ὑπὸ τῶν ἀνδρῶν κυρίαι καλοῦντοιγαροῦν, ὁρῶσαι, ὅτι ἄλλο μὲν οὐδὲν αὐταῖς πρόσεστι, μόνον δὲ συγκοιμῶνται τοῖς ἀνδράσι, ἄρχονται καλλωπίζεσθαι, καὶ ἐν τούτῳ πάσας ἔχειν τὰς ἐλπίδας. προσέχειν οὖν ἄξιον, ἵνα αἴσθωνται, διότι ἐπ ̓ οὐδενὶ ἄλλῳ τιμῶνται, ἢ τῷ κόσμιαι φαίνεσθαι καὶ αἰδήμονες. ται. |