Abuses to be regulated by

law.

Railroads organized in other states.

Subscriptions prohibited.

Incorporations to be by general law.

ganized, and subjecting them to the public necessity, the same as of individuals.

SEC. 7. The legislature shall pass laws to correct abuses and prevent unjust discrimination and extortion in all charges of express, telegraph, and railroad companies in this state, and enforce such laws by adequate penalties to the extent, if necessary for that purpose, of forfeiture of their property and franchises.

SEC. 8. No railroad corporation, organized under the laws of any other state, or of the United States, and doing business in this state, shall be entitled to exercise the right of eminent domain, or have power to acquire the right of way, or real estate for depot or other uses, until it shall have become a body corporate pursuant to and in accordance with

the laws of this state.

ARTICLE [XII.-MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS.

SECTION 1. No city, county, town, precinct, municipality, or other subdivision of the state, shall ever become a subscriber to the capital stock, or owner of such stock, or any portion or interest. therein, of any railroad or private corporation or association.

ARTICLE [XIII.] MISCELLANEOUS CORPORATIONS

SECTION 1. No corporation shall be created by special law, nor its charter extended, changed, or amended, except those for charitabre, educational, penal, or reformatory purposes, which are to be

and remain under the patronage and control of the state, but the legislature shall provide by general laws for the organization of all corporations hereafter to be created. All general laws passed pursuant to this section may be altered from time to time, or repealed. (5 Neb., 126, 427; 8 Neb., 179, 518.)

struct street

SEC. 2. No such general law shall be passed by Right to conthe legislature granting the right to construct and railroads. operate a street railroad within any city, town, or incorporated village, without first requiring the consent of a majority of the electors thereof.

SEC. 3. All corporations may sue and be sued in like cases as natural persons.

subscribers to

stock.

SEC. 4. In all cases of claims against corpora- Liability of tions and joint stock associations, the exact amount justly due shall be first ascertained, and after the corporate property shall have been exhausted the original subscribers thereof shall be individually. liable to the extent of their unpaid subscription, and the liability for the unpaid subscription shall follow the stock. (8 Neb., 118.)

held.

SEC. 5. The legislature shall provide by law that Elections, how in all elections for directors or managers of incorporated companies, every stockholder shall [have] the right to vote in person or proxy for the number of shares of stock owned by him, for as many persons as there are directors or managers to be elected, or to cumulate said shares and give one candidate as many votes as the number of directors multiplied by the number of his shares of stock shall equal, or to distribute them upon the same

Existing charters.

Liability of stockholders in banks.

Bonds of the state.

principle among as many candidates as he shall think fit; and such directors or managers shall not be elected in any other manner.

SEC. 6. All existing charters or grants of special or exclusive privileges under which organization shall not have taken place, or which shall not be in operation within sixty days from the time this constitution takes effect, shall thereafter have no validity or effect whatever.

SEC. 7. Every stockholder in a banking corporation or institution shall be individually responsible and liable to its creditors, over and above the amount of stock by him held, to an amount equal to his respective stock or shares so held, for all its liabilities accruing while he remains such stockholder; and all banking corporations shall publish quarterly statements, under oath, of their assets and liabilities.

ARTICLE [XIV.]—STATE, COUNTY, AND MUNICIPAL

INDEBTEDNESS.

SECTION 1. The state may, to meet casual deficits or failures in the revenues, contract debts never to exceed in the aggregate one hundred thousand dollars; and no greater indebtedness shall be incurred except for the purpose of repelling invasion, suppressing insurrection, or defending the state in war; and provision shall be made for the payment of the interest annually, as it shall accrue, by a tax levied for the purpose, or from other sources of revenue, which law providing for the

payment of such interest by such tax shall be irrepealable until such debt be paid. (2 Neb., 399.)

SEC. 2. No city, county town, precinct, municipality, or other subdivision of the state, shall ever make donations to any railroad or other works of internal improvement, unless a proposition so to do shall have been first submitted to the qualified electors thereof at an election by authority of law; Provided, That such donations of a county with the donations of such subdivisions in the aggregate shall not exceed ten per cent of the assessed valuation of such county; Provided further, That any city or county may, by a two-thirds vote, increase such indebtedness five per cent, in addition to such ten per cent, and no bonds or evidences of indebtedness so issued shall be valid unless the same shall have endorsed thereon a certificate signed by the secretary and auditor of state, showing that the same is issued pursuant to law. (2 Neb., 423; 6 Neb., 215; 7 Neb., 310; 12 Neb., 129, 185; 14 Neb., 283.)

to be loaned.

SEC. 3. The credit of the state shall never be state credit not given or loaned in aid of any individual, associa

tion, or corporation.

ARTICLE [XV.]-MILITIA.

SECTION 1. The legislature shall determine what Militia. persons shall constitute the militia of the state, and may provide for organizing and disciplining the

same,

Oath of officers.

Who ineligible to office.

ARTICLE [XVI.]—MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS.

SECTION 1. Executive and judicial officers and
members of the legislature, before they enter upon
their official duties, shall take and subscribe the
following oath or affirmation: "I do solemnly
swear (or affirm) that I will support the constitu-
tion of the United States, and the constitution of
the state of Nebraska, and will faithfully discharge
the duties of
according to the best of my
ability, and that at the election at which I was
chosen to fill said office I have not improperly in-
fluenced in any way the vote of any elector, and
have not accepted, nor will I accept or receive, di-
rectly or indirectly, any money or other valuable
thing from any corporation, company, or person,
or any promise of office for any official act or in-
fluence (for any vote I may give or withold on any
bill, resolution, or appropriation.)"
Any such

officer or member of the legislature who shall re-
fuse to take the oath herein prescribed, shall forfeit
his office, and any person who shall be convicted
of having sworn falsely to, or of violating his oath,
shall forfeit his office, and thereafter be disqualified
from holding any office of profit or trust in this y
state, unless he shall have been restored to civil
rights.

SEC. 2. Any person who is in default as collector and custodian of public money or property, shall not be eligible to any office of trust or profit under the constitution or laws of this state; nor shall any person convicted of felony be eligible to