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elector shall be obliged to do military duty on the day of election, except in time of war and public danger.

SEC. 6. All votes shall be by ballot.

Board of edu

cation.

Property how used.

Permanent school fund.

ARTICLE VIII.-EDUCATION.

SECTION 1. The governor, secretary of state, treasurer, attorney-general, and commissioner of public lands and buildings shall, under the direction of the legislature, constitute a board of commissioners for the sale, leasing, and general management of all lands and funds set apart for educational purposes, and for the investment of school funds in such manner as may be prescribed by law.

SEC. 2. All lands, money, or other property, granted or bequeathed, or in any manner conveyed to this state for educational purposes, shall be used and expended in accordance with the terms of such grant, bequest, or conveyance.

SEC. 3. The following are hereby declared to be perpetual funds for common school purposes, of which the annual interest or income only can be appropriated, to-wit:

First. Such per centum as has been, or may hereafter be granted by congress on the sale of lands in this state.

Second. All moneys arising from the sale or leasing of sections number sixteen and thirty-six in each township in this state, and the lands selected, or that may be selected in lieu thereof. (5 Neb., 103.)

Third. The proceeds of all lands that have been, or may hereafter be granted to this state, where, by the terms and conditions of such grant, the same are not to be otherwise appropriated.

Fourth. The net proceeds of lands and other property and effects that may come to the state, by escheat or forfeiture, or from unclaimed dividends, or distributive shares of the estates of deceased persons. (5 Neb., 206.)

Fifth. All moneys, stocks, bonds, lands, and other property, now belonging to the common school fund.

school fund

SEC. 4. All other grants, gifts, and devises that Temporary have been, or may hereafter be made to this state, and not otherwise appropriated by the terms of the grant, gift, or devise, the interest arising from all the rents of the unsold school lands, and such other means as the legislature may provide, shall be exclusively applied to the support and maintenance of common schools in each school district in the state. (5 Neb., 103, 206.)

ties, and li

SEC. 5. All fines, penalties, and license moneys Fines, penalarising under the general laws of the state, shall cense moneys. belong and be paid over to the counties, respectively, where the same may be levied or imposed, and all fines, penalties, and license moneys arising under the rules, by-laws, or ordinances of cities, villages, towns, precincts, or other municipal subdivision less than a county, shall belong and be paid over to the same respectively. All such fines, penalties, and license moneys shall be appropriated exclusively to the use and support of common

Common schools.

Distribution of income.

University and

common schools lands.

Funds to remain inviolate; how invested.

schools in the respective sub-divisions where the same may accrue. (5 Neb., 310, 515; 6 Neb., 45; 8 Neb., 31, 162; 9 Neb., 184, 352, 404; 14 Neb., 477.)

SEC. 6. The legislature shall provide for the free instruction in the common schools of this state of all persons between the ages of five and twentyone years. (12 Neb., 359.)

SEC. 7. Provision shall be made by general law for an equitable distribution of the income of the fund set apart for the support of the common schools, among the several school districts of the state, and no appropriation shall be made from said fund to any district for the year in which school is not maintained at least three months. (5 Neb., 104.

SEC. 8. University, agricultural college, common school, or other lands, which are now held, or may hereafter be acquired by the state for educational purposes, shall not be sold for less than seven dollars per acre, nor less than the appraised value.

SEC. 9. All funds belonging to the state for educational purposes, the interest and income whereof only are to be used, shall be deemed trust funds held by the state, and the state shall supply all losses thereof that may in any manner accrue, so that the same shall remain forever inviolate and undiminished; and shall not be invested or loaned except on United States or state securities, or registered county bonds of this state; and such funds, with the interest and income thereof, are hereby

solemnly pledged for the purposes for which they are granted and set apart, and shall not be transferred to any other fund for other uses. (5 Neb., 427.)

university.

SEC. 10. The general government of the uni-Government of versity of Nebraska shall, under the direction of the legislature, be vested in a board of six regents, to be styled the board of regents of the university of Nebraska, who shall be elected by the electors of the state at large, and their term of office, except those chosen at the first election, as hereinafter provided, shall be six years. Their duties and powers shall be prescribed by law; and they shall receive no compensation, but may be reimbursed their actual expenses incurred in the discharge of their duties. (5 Neb., 426.)

instruction

SEC. 11. No sectarian instruction shall be Sectarian allowed in any school or institution supported in prohibited. whole or in part by the public funds set apart for educational purposes; nor shall the state accept any grant, conveyance, or bequest of money, lands, or other property, to be used for sectarian purposes.

schools.

SEC. 12. The legislature may provide by law Reform for the establishment of a school or schools for the safe keeping, education, employment, and reformation of all children under the age of sixteen years, who, for want of proper parental care, or other cause, are growing up in mendicancy or crime.

Exemption from taxation.

ARTCLE IX.-REVENUE AND FINANCE.

SECTION 1. The legislature shall provide such revenue as may be needful, by levying a tax by valuation, so that every person or corporation shall pay a tax in proportion to the value of his, her, or its property and franchises, the value to be ascertained in such manner as the legislature shall direct, and it shall have power to tax peddlers, auctioneers, brokers, hawkers, commission merchants, showmen, jugglers, inn-keepers, liquor dealers, toll-bridges, ferries, insurance, telegraph and express interests or business, venders of patents, in such manner as it shall direct by general law, uniform as to the class upon which it operates. (4 Neb., 301, 537; 5 Neb., 564; 7 Neb., 230; 9 Neb., 509; 12 Neb., 201, 364; 15 Neb., 6.)

SEC. 2. The property of the state, counties, and municipal corporations, both real and personal, shall be exempt from taxation, and such other property as may be used exclusively for agricultural and horticultural societies, for school, religious, cemetery, and charitable purposes, may be exempted from taxation, but such exemptions shall be only by general law. In the assessment of all real estate encumbered by public easement, any depreciation occasioned by such easement may be deducted in the valuation of such property. The legislature may provide that the increased value of lands, by reason of live fences, fruit and forest trees grown and cultivated thereon, shall not be taken into account in the assessment thereof. Neb., 230.)

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