preters or gentlemen of education, or even Christian scholars, but for the duties and realities of an intelligent, native pastorate, varying somewhat with their talents and their sphere. The methods and support of these pastors are to be gauged not by European conventional standards, except so far as these rest upon obvious necessities and proprieties, but by the conditions of life where their lot is cast. So, too, the arrangements and appointments of their church edifices. The evidences and exhibitions of piety in the converts are not to be judged by their conformity to the exact phases of religion at home, but by the substantial fruits borne in the very circumstances in which they are placed. Church members are to be trained, as rapidly as may be, to assume all the responsibilities of independence and maturity, while the missionaries themselves act on the expectation of closing their labors at no distant day, and passing on to other fields. Each mission church is thus hastening on to take its place in the great sisterhood of churches, as a mature and inextinguishable force in the home of its nativity, and another vital power in giving the gospel to the world.

Dr. Anderson's volumes, including the Lectures, are fruitful in many other suggestions which cannot here be enumerated. They open up lines of thought which might well be prosecuted far beyond the limits of these narratives. It is safe to say that the wisest and most thoughtful ministers and laymen will be most deeply interested and profited in reading them, and most strongly persuaded that this book of the acts of the modern apostles is well nigh indispensable to a clerical library.

ARTICLE VIII.-HORACE BUSHNELL.

A MEMORIAL SERMON PREACHED IN THE CHAPEL OF YALE COLLEGE, SUNDAY, MARCH 26TH, 1876.

Isaiah vi, 5-8. 5. Then said I, Woe is me, for I am undone; because I am a man of unclean lips, and I dwell in the midst of a people of unclean lips; for mine eyes have seen the King, the Lord of hosts. 6. Then flew one of the seraphim unto me, having a live coal in his hand, which he had taken with the tongs from off the altar. 7. And he laid it upon my mouth and said, Lo, this hath touched thy lips; and thine iniquity is taken away and thy sin purged. 8. Also I heard the voice of the Lord saying, Whom shall I send and who will go for us? Then said I, Here am I; send me.

THESE words indicate my theme. In commemorating our honored and beloved friend and distinguished alumnus, I propose to sketch his character and his career, only so far as they illustrate what the Christian faith can make of a gifted man. That Horace Bushnell was in many respects a great man, no one doubts who knows anything of his person or his works. But perhaps few of us are aware how much his greatness and his power were owing to the transforming energy of his faith. It is to deepen your impressions of this truth, that I ask you to follow me in the tribute of love and honor, which I would pay to his memory.

He was born in a grave but gentle household, in which plain living and high thinking taught him the first and best lessons of life. His father, though fixed in his opinions, was courteous in his ways, and his mother though notable in household industries, was fond of books, and refined in her tastes and culture. The home of his childhood and youth was in a stern but picturesque region, being nestled on a pleasant slope at the foot of a broad-backed hill which stretches a mile upward and westward till it introduces the traveler to a smooth and rounded summit. On this height the church was placed, and from it, you can see more than one other distant church, each sitting on its own hilltop. Near by was the parsonage in which President Day was born and bred, whose father was the long remembered pastor. Very near Dr. Bushnell's home is one of the finest mountain

lakes in Connecticut, to which he was devoted in boating and fishing in his boyhood. A lonely rock rises directly from its border on the east, on the summit of which some scholar or witling had long ago traced a few enormous Hebrew letters. From this "pinnacle" one looks down upon the lake and far away over all the neighboring townships. On one occasion, I chanced to meet Dr. Bushnell at the foot of this rock; we climbed slowly up and ran quickly down as he had been wont to do in his youth. As we stood upon the top, he remarked, that he found every time when he reviewed this landscape, that his eyes had in the interval become better educated to appreciate its beauty as a picture. The remark revealed the poet's sensibility and the self-analysis of the philosopher, as well as the loyalty of the man to the scenes of his boyhood sports and joys.

The community in which Dr. Bushnell was trained was made up of sturdy men, who were about equally interested in education, religion, politics, and thrift. Their peculiar way of life has been well delineated by himself in his "Age of Homespun," a charming picture and vindication of the old New England life. The bracing climate and rocky but vigorous soil made these men and women somewhat severe in aspect and self-reliant in character; but intelligence and hospitality brightened their family life, while an earnest Christian piety refined their feelings and purified their lives. Farming was their chief occupation, though an active business in excavating and sawing marble brought many of the people into contact with other towns. In this community Dr. Bushnell spent his youth. He was a strong, resolute, practical and kindly boy, a leader and a favorite, yet remarkably free from little vices, and irreproachable in his morals. From his earliest years he was self-reliant and self-asserting. At the age of fifteen he attended the academy— then recently opened-into which the master had introduced the monitorial system. This was maintained for a while, but when it became Bushnell's turn to serve as monitor he refused, saying, that he came to school to study for himself and not to watch others. The system was soon abandoned. Soon after this he became somewhat skeptical in his religious views and joined an infidel club in a neighboring town-at the head of

which was a hard-headed Deist of the type of Paine-whereupon his father interposed his authority and refused to assist him in a college education, and he remained for some time in his father's domestic cloth works. Subsequently, in 1821, he became decided in his Christian faith and profession and was fitted for college, and entered, in 1823, at the age of twenty-one. In college he was mature in every way. Even his peculiar style of writing had assumed some of the features which it never lost. He was equally energetic on the play-ground and in the class-room. The ambition of his later years impelled him to excel in every form of activity whether intellectual or physical. He was behind no one in athletic feats. But his position as a Christian was nearly nominal. While he attended the communion services, the growing spirit of doubt which he had so early cherished took strong possession of his mind as he advanced in college life. But scarcely a word of this escaped him. He undermined the faith of no man. He was disposed to check rather than further vicious tendencies in any of his younger classmates. His conscientiousness was scrupulous, his integrity of the sternest kind, his honor was the truest and noblest. Even when he was the leader of a foolish college rebellion-for which he and his associates were sent home-he took pains to acknowledge his folly and rashness to one of the youngest of the class, who did not join the movement, and bade him "not mind what the fellows said to him but to hold up his head, for he was in the right and they were all in the wrong." He graduated in 1827 at the age of twenty-five. His oration at commencement attracted general attention for the boldness of thought and the freshness of its style and led to an engagement after a few months as an assistant editor upon the Journal of Commerce, then recently established. In this occupation he was eminently successful, but he left it after a year's trial and came to New Haven to study law, with the design of entering upon this profession as an introduction to public and political life in what was then called the west. Being invited to become a tutor in this college, he was persuaded to accept the offer, against his own wishes and decision, by the counsel of his mother. As a tutor he was the same strong-hearted, self-asserting man that he had always been, and devoted himself to his

work and to his pupils with a manly and quickening sympathy.

It was while he was tutor that there occurred the most important crisis of his life. Early in the year 1831, this college was moved by an extraordinary religious revival. It affected officers and students alike, leaving none unmoved. It was emphatically sober, serious, and earnest, leading every man to enquire concerning the reasons of his faith or his want of faith, and constraining almost every man to make his faith a supreme and living power over his character and life. Of the six tutors then in the Faculty, three had been pronounced in their adhesion to Christ and three were not. Among the latter was Horace Bushnell, known to himself and to his pupils as unsettled in respect to every point of religious belief, if not a positive rejector of the Christian revelation. As the movement proceeded, two of his fellow tutors yielded to its power and threw themselves into active sympathy and labor for the welfare of their pupils. Bushnell stood alone, apparently unaffected, and his division with him, indifferent if not contemptuous with respect to all that was going on. His associates did not dare to approach him. The silence was broken by himself, as he said to his most intimate friend, "I must get out of this woe. Here am I what I am, and these young men are hanging to me in their indifference amid this universal earnestuess. He announced what he would do, that he would invite them to meet him and would define his position to them and declare to them the decision which they ought to take with himself. The result was as might have been expected. The division was dissolved in tears and fixed in earnest resolve. Many of these young men remember that interview as the turning point of their lives. For many, if not all of them, it was a far easier thing to believe and obey the gospel than it was for him, entangled as he was with the self-reliant and dishonest doubts of years.

Indeed, the only decision which he could announce at that time was that he would seek after God, if so be he might find Him. Even then he scarcely knew whether there was a God, or whether he was responsible to God, or whether God had made himself known to man. Concerning Christ and salvation