reached that perfection which may fairly claim for them the merit of affording pleasure even to the critical.

Through Chromo-lithography, effort was made to reproduce and multiply the works of the painter. Though it certainly has never reached any very refined expression, it has undoubtedly contributed somewhat in the interest of art, and met a want which eventually comes to be regarded as the steppingstone to something better. The principles of photo sculpture have, as we have seen, been applied to wood-carving.

But Photography, through the various methods and forms which have sprung from it, will assuredly, if it has not already, effect a revolution in certain ideas pertaining to art. Cardinal Wiseman, in opening his remarks, made use of these words: "I am venturing to address, on the subject of science, an assembly of men whose reputation for its advancement, or for its cultivation, may be said to pervade the whole civilized world. And I have had the hardihood to announce that I would speak upon art, in the presence of those who, if their fame has not extended so far because their works are not so portable or communicable as books,-stand at the very summit of this most honorable profession;" and, speaking of the old masters, at the close of his remarks he said, "Nor are we ever likely to see their marvelous and multiplied works within the easy access of the people."

Ten years later we find a French Jew traveling from city to city, throughout the length and breadth of the land, selling fac-simile reproductions of sketches of the old masters, termed "Autotypes.' Thousands of these autotypes find their way into public institutions and private families, familiarizing us with the most famous works of the great masters of art. In like manner the "Heliotype" reproduces for us those etchings. and engravings which have become so very costly and precious on account of their great scarcity. The works of the sculptor likewise, with the precious fruits of antiquity, are now, by means of photography, brought within the reach of every one. In all respects save color, we find the artist's productions multiplying and spreading, almost to the extent of the author's thought, through printing. Who can foretell the effort this is likely to produce upon generations to come, when art, through

eye of the

such channels, seeks the audience, or rather the world, without waiting for the world to come to it. In a very subordinate field, that of caricature, we have seen what an effective engine of reform, through their influence on the public, the cartoons of Thomas Nast have proved. It was their wide-spread reproduction through the medium of a circulation that averaged, weekly, above one hundred and fifty thousand, which gave to them the character of a language, coarse and crude indeed, but which all who run might read.

In closing our remarks, an extract from a letter addressed by Col. Gray to the Committee of Architects who had in charge the Houses of Parliment, may not be out of place. He says, "It is constantly to be regretted, that much of the good attending many of the institutions founded for the advancement of science and art is lost by their isolation and want of connection with each other." This is but too true, and the remedy seems likely to be applied through those tendencies which are now directed towards the establishment of these schools in connection with the universities. By this means enlarged and comprehensive facilities are afforded the student of any branch of science or of art, and by the close proximity of institutions having either direct or indirect bearing upon each other, results must follow which may be considered mutually beneficial. Literature can no longer afford to exclude those arts, the relations of which are so closely interwoven with her own; the aim and character of which, if not strictly identical, certainly assist in affording us a better acquaintance with her own classic forms and spirit. It is a matter of some surprise that the arts have been so much neglected in this connection, when photography and the plaster cast have long furnished a cheap form of illustration.

ARTICLE IX.-NOTICES OF NEW BOOKS.

THEOLOGICAL AND RELIGIOUS.

BARTOL'S RISING FAITH* is true to its title. It gives evidence that faith is rising above the point which it reached in "Radical Problems"- we should not dare affirm that it were fully risenbut there is abundant evidence in the book of so positive a tone in respect to many points concerning which there prevails extensively very little faith, that we are disposed to be thankful and take courage. There can be no doubt that the volume gives evidence of genius, although it is often of genius exalted to rhapsody. The pith, and pathos, and humor, of many single passages are simply wonderful. We are moved to laugh and mock on the one hand, and to weep and pray on the other.

So far as the subjective side of religion is concerned there is little that is defective. Even the objective truths that used to be called Calvinism, are set forth with no little energy and positiveness-albeit in phraseology that smacks very much of the Shorter Catechism.

The point to which the Rising Faith has not yet risen, is the affirmation of historical and supernatural fact. We do not know that we need say that in respect to matters of this sort the book cannot be treated as a guide-we imagine no one would think of such a thing. It is not very easy to take a solar observation through a kaleidoscope. We may turn it as often as we will; we may raise and depress it; but it will give us neither the real sun nor the real earth, but uniformly beauty, and blaze, and confusion-always some bits of color, and form, and symmetry-much truth in detail, but the total impression is bewilderment and confusion.

Mr. Bartol seems somewhat like the man of whom he speaks, who thought the West church in Boston was a paragon of architectural beauty. Could our author be removed from Boston, and forget everything about Boston and the Radical Club for five years, and be put upon a dry diet of hard facts and matter of fact people, he might write a better book than this on the Rising Faith.

*The Rising Faith. By C. A. BARTOL, author of Radical Problems. Boston: Roberts Brothers, 1874.

RELIGION AND SCIENCE.*-Professor LeConte's "Religion and Science" consists of a series of Sunday lectures, delivered to his pupils, first at Columbia, S. C., and subsequently in a form more fully developed at Oakland, Cal. The following topics are discussed: Personality of Deity; Contrivance for Use; Contrivance for Beauty; The Spiritual Nature of Deity; Essential Nature and Attributes of Deity; Attributes of Deity, viz: Truth, Justice, Love, Holiness, Freedom; Unity and Trinity of Deity; Incarnation of Deity; The General Relation of Theology to Science; Man: His place in Nature; Probation of Man; Predestination and Free-will; Prayer in relation to Invariable Law. The treatment of these topics is familiar and popular, but not for this reason less profound and thoroughly scientific. It is uniformly fresh and individual, and although occasionally admitting a suggestion, which is theologically crude and untenable, the book is the more, rather than the less, attractive. The author does not enter into the details either of science or religion, but gives his attention to the salient points which attract general attention when the two are supposed to come into conflict, and discusses them with eminent individuality and uniform tolerance. Of the many books written for the instruction of those who are pressed by difficulties from science, this seems to us one of the least exceptionable, while for freshness, force, and general ability, it deserves high praise.

COMMON-SENSE IN RELIGION.t-Rev. James Freeman Clarke's "Common Sense in Religion" is a volume of Essays upon Common-Sense and Mystery; Common-Sense View of Human Nature; on the Doctrine Concerning God, the Bible, and Inspiration; the New Meaning of Evangelical Christianity; the Truth About Sin; Common Sense and Scripture Views of Heaven and Hell; Satan, according to Common-Sense and the Bible; Concerning the Future Life; the Nature of our Condition Hereafter; CommonSense View of the Christian Church; Five Kinds of Piety; Jesus a Mediator; the Expectations and Disappointments of Jesus; Common-Sense View of Salvation by Faith; on not being afraid; Hope; the Patience of Hope; Love; the Brotherhood of Man.

*Religion and Science. A series of Sunday lectures on the relation of Natural and Revealed Religion, or the truths revealed in Nature and Scripture. By JOSEPH LECONTE, Professor of Geology and Natural History in the University of California. New York: D. Appleton & Co., 1874.

+ Common-Sense in Religion: a Series of Essays. By JAMES FREEMAN CLARKE. Boston: James R. Osgood & Co., 1874.

Mr. Clarke defines Common-Sense as "the mode of judgment derived from experience of this world; that is of God's method in nature and in human life." He does not advert to the fact that there is a common-sense which is superficial and one which is profound; that the superficial may be plausible and true, as far as it goes, and yet may fail to do justice to the less obvious but more important truths that are in question. With much, very much of what he says we agree most cordially. Where we fail to assent to his views we do not, as we think, abandon our common-sense, but only apply it more earnestly and comprehensively.

THE LITTLE SANCTUARY.*-We are not aware of any English preacher in our time making a more favorable impression on cultivated minds in this country than Dr. Raleigh, when he attended as a delegate the Congregational Council in Boston in 1865. Those who heard him then were prepared to welcome anything from his pen, and the book quaintly entitled "Quiet Resting Places" did not disappoint their expectations. Another, on "Jonah," not yet reprinted in this country, as we wish it might be, as a larger and more elaborate treatment of its subject, we think, would give a still better measure of his power. The work now before us contains sixteen "Meditations" (the first, founded on Ezekiel xi, 16, giving title to the volume), which are characteristic of the author. If we were to describe him we should have to begin by saying that it is his merit not to exemplify one good quality at the expense of others, but in an unusual degree to combine them in a happy symmetry. Freshness, vigor, and refinement of thought, chastened fervor of feeling, freedom and grace of style, felicity of allusion and description, and a pervasive Christian spirit, make him a most engaging and effective preacher, whether in the pulpit or on the printed page. If our readers will look into any two or three of these "Meditations," they will read them all.

THE ARGUMENT OF THE BOOK OF JOB UNFOLDED.t-While the whole Bible is expounded, perhaps more assiduously than ever,

*The Little Sanctuary, and other meditations. By ALEXANDER RALEIGH, D.D., auther of "Quiet Resting Places," &c. New York: Dodd & Mead. 12mo. pp. 334.

The Argument of the Book of Job unfolded. By WILLIAM HENRY GREEN, D.D., Professor in Princeton Theological Seminary. New York: Robert Carter & Bros. 1874. 12mo, pp. 367.