ries, and those of the cathedrals especially, as it was thought that, had any copies survived the order for their destruction, they would have been stored in the monasteries, and from thence been transferred to our cathedrals at the Reformation; but the inquiry was entirely unsuccessful until a few months ago, when a copy was found in the Worcester Chapter library, concealed under the name of the "Code of Justinian." Every reasonable proof of its identity has been given, although the title is missing. It is otherwise in good preservation, and is beautifully written and illuminated. It need not be added how valuable the MS. is, as a monument of the first introduction of the Roman law into England after the Norman Conquest. The MS. should be preserved, newly bound, and the missing portions supplied by copying from one of the other existing MSS. Then some enterprising publisher should give it to the world in English, (as Mr. Bohn has done for the Norman and Saxon Chroniclers ;) and lastly, it should be deposited in some public library, where it would be of greater service to legal students than in the necessarily private recesses of a Chapter library. THE HOLY LOAF. MR. URBAN,-Your correspondent "E. P." (Dec. p. 590), must be in error when he says that the Halesowen entry has "no reference to the holy elements, but to the eulogia," and also that "it would be difficult to show that common household bread was ever used for that purpose." In " Wheatley on the Common Prayer (c. 6, sec. 30) is the following:-" And that the primitive church always used common bread, appears, in that the elements for the holy Eucharist were always taken out of the people's oblations of bread and wine, which doubtless were such as they themselves used upon other occasions. But when these oblations began to be left off (about the 11th or 12th century), the clergy were forced to provide the elements themselves; and they, under pretence of decency and respect, brought it from leavened to unleavened, and from a loaf of common bread, that might be broken, to a nice wafer, formed in the figure of a denarius, or penny, to represent, as some Yours, &c. J. NOAKE. imagine, the thirty pence for which our Saviour was sold. And then also the people, instead of offering a loaf, as formerly, were ordered to offer a penny." And in par. 7 of same section it is said"It was the custom for every house in the parish to provide in their turns the holy loaf (under which name, I suppose, were comprehended both the elements of bread and wine), and the good man and good woman that provided were particularly remembered in the prayers of the church. But by the first book of King Edward the care of providing was thrown upon the pastors and curates, who were obliged continually to find, at their costs and charges, in their cures, sufficient bread and wine for the holy Communion, as oft as their parishioners should be disposed for their spiritual comfort to receive the same," &c. By the injunctions of Queen Elizabeth, wafer-bread was ordered to supersede "the sacramental bread of common fine bread." Worcester, Dec. 6. J. NOAKE. THE CHAPEL OF MARY MAGDALEN AND ST. ARMILL AT TOTHILL. MR. URBAN,-In that portion of Stowe's Survey which contains a description of Westminster, occurs the following passage. "From the entry into Totehill field the street is called Petty France, in which, and upon St. Hermit's Hill, on the south side thereof, Cornelius Van Dun (a Brabander born, yeoman of the guard to King Henry VIII., King Edward VI., Queen Mary, and Queen Elizabeth) built twenty houses for poor women to dwell rent-free and near hereunto was a chapel of Mary Magdalen, now wholly ruinated." So little has been known of this chapel, that even the intelligence Stowe obtained could not be handed down to the present age without some defect or traditional misrepresentation. There was no St. Hermit; and the locality of the hill Stowe describes seems to have been identical with the site of the chapel of Mary Magdalen. From the following short record we learn that nigh Totehill (prope Totehill) there was a free chapel belonging to the Abbey of Westminster, dedicated to the Blessed Mary Magdalen and Saint Armill, the St. Hermit of Stowe. It is not improbable that this free chapel may have had its origin (as I have frequently noticed in other instances) in a hermitage founded in ancient times, and hence the St. Hermit; but what is certain, appears from the record itself, Pat. 24 Hen. VIII. p. 2. "The King, to all to whom, &c. Greeting; Know ye that we of our special grace and of our certain knowledge and mere motion have given and granted, and by these presents do give and grant, to our beloved subject, John Hulston, of the town of Westminster, in our county of Middle sex, gentleman, the free chapel of the Blessed Mary Magdalen and Saint Armill, nigh Totehill, in the said county of Middlesex, with its appurtenances, and with the livery of bread and ale, and commodities from old time used, in so ample manner and form, and as one Philip Tymmys deceased had and enjoyed the same, without our Monastery of Westminster, in the said county, now in our gift and disposal, by reason of the vacancy of our monastery aforesaid, and of the temporalities of the same in our hands being, to have and to hold the said free chapel and other the premisses to the aforenamed John Hulston, during his life, with all its rights and appurtenances. In witness whereof' &c. T. R. at Westminster, the eleventh day of October. By the king himself and of the date aforesaid, by authority," &c. (Translation.) I have pursued the inquiry as to the origin and existence of this free chapel, but have not been able to glean any other information than what is to be collected from this grant. Mr. Walcott, in his recently-published Memorials of Westminster and the locality of Tothill, has not even alluded to this free chapel, although he has done much to illustrate this ancient locality. Yours, &c. T. E. T. THE EMPERORS AND KINGS OF THE EAST. MR. URBAN,-In a MS. in the College of Arms (marked Vincent 170, at f. 161), I was amused to find the following catalogues of Eastern potentates, following a list of the Nine Worthies. It might be difficult to assign the geographical localities of every principality whose name is mentioned but the most remarkable point about the whole is the humble position in which "The kinge of Russya" appears. That mighty serpent, who has since de voured so many others of his species, was then regarded,-how truly may perhaps be questioned, as among the tributaries "under the great Turke;" the latter being a potentate who made the nations tremble, being then in the vigour of his strength, and not the "sickly man" that more recent politicians have esteemed him. These catalogues were probably made from 250 to 300 years ago. Yours, &c. The names of the Emperours and Kings under the great Turke. The emperour of Constinople The emperour of Trepesant The emperour of Caffa J. G. N. The names of the Emperours and Kings that be under the Solden. Westminster; Memorials of the City, &c. By the Rev. Mackenzie E. C. Walcott, M.A. 8vo, Lond. 1849. NOTES OF THE MONTH. Anniversary of the Royal Society-Divisions in the British Archæological Association Proposed alterations at Haileybury College-Site of the Wellington College-Owens College at Manchester-Sir F. G. Ouseley's Oratorio of St. Polycarp-Loss of Dr. Barth and Mr. Henry Warrington-Mr. Hugh Miller-Testimony to Dr. Diamond-Works of Napoleon III. and of Lady Morgan, and Southey's Correspondence-Sales of the Libraries of Mr. J. C. King and Lord Cockburn-Mr. Pickering's Collection of Manuscripts-Statue of Wordsworth-Sale of Baron de Mecklenbourg's Pictures-Destruction of Mr. Naylor's Pictures-Illustrations of the War-Medal of St. George's Hall, Liverpool-M. Mariette's Discoveries at Memphis--Temple of Juno near Argos-Tomb of Pope Alexander I.-Scientific and Archæological Congresses in France. The Royal Society held its anniversary meeting on the 30th Nov. when the Earl of Rosse, President, delivered his annual address. The Royal and Copley Medals were presented as stated in our last number, and the Rumford Medal to Dr. Arnott, for the successful construction of the "Smokeless Fire-Grate," and other valuable improvements in the application of heat to the warming and ventilation of apartments. The election of officers and Council was as follows:-President, the Lord Wrottesley; Treasurer, Col. Edward Sabine, R.A.; Secretaries, W. Sharpey, M.D., G. G. Stokes; Foreign Secretary, Rear Admiral W. H. Smyth; Other Members of the Council,-Neil Arnott, M.D., Rear-Adm. F. W. Beechey, T. Bell, Sir Benjamin Brodie, Bart., Charles Darwin, Warren De la Rue, the Earl of Harrowby, A. W. Hofmann, Ph. D., T. H. Huxley, J. Miers, J. Paget, Rev. Baden Powell, the Earl of Rosse, R. Stephenson, W. Tite, C. Wheatstone. (The new councillors are in Italics.) -Lord Wrottesley has appointed as his Vice-Presidents, the Earl of Rosse, Colonel Sabine, Sir Benj. Brodie, Mr. Bell, Mr. Darwin, and Mr. Wheatstone. We regret to learn that a fresh schism has divided the council of the British Archæological Association. There have låtterly been three Secretaries,-Charles Baily, esq. architect; the Rev. Thomas Hugo, a clergyman of the city of London, and James Robinson Planché, esq. Rouge Croix Pursuivant of Arms: but the busisiness of the society has been transacted principally, as heretofore, by the Treasurer, J. T. Pettigrew, esq. at whose house in Savile Row the council has held its meetings. It appears that after the congress of last autumn at Chepstow, Mr. Pettigrew had retired for recreation to the house of his friend Dr. Lee at Hartwell near Aylesbury, when Mr. Hugo, impatient of inaction, was anxious to have a council meeting in London. At the beginning of September, therefore, he addressed the Treasurer for that object, stating his views that it was desirable to communicate with the friends they had recently visited, and also to fix a place for the meeting of next year. GENT. MAG. VOL. XLIII, To this proposal Mr. Pettigrew demurred; and, after the lapse of a fortnight, Mr. Hugo, on a requisition from certain members of the council, summoned a council to be held on Wednesday the 20th Sept. at the house of Mr. Whichcord in Poets' Corner. Mr. Pettigrew at the same time summoned a council to be held in Savile Row. Both these meetings were held, and a subsequent Special Meeting did not lead to a reconciliation. A full statement of the particulars, signed by Messrs. Baily and Hugo, by Messrs. Duesbury, Ellis, Lott and Whichcord, Members of the Council, and Mr. Alfred White, Registrar, Curator, and Librarian, will be found in the Literary Gazette of the 9th December. A Special general meeting of the Association was held on the evening of the 6th, in Sackville-street, Piccadilly; which resulted in the removal of Mr. Hugo from his office by a majority of 35 to 22, and in the passing of a vote of thanks to Mr. Pettigrew for his "zealous and most efficient services as Treasurer and Senior Vice President;" accompanied by a request that he would accept the office of President of the Association, now vacant by the death of Mr. Bernal. Mr. Pettigrew, in returning thanks for this appreciation of his services, professed his willingness to continue to aid the society in his present capacity, but respectfully declined the office of President. We are not yet informed of any ulterior steps having been taken by the opposition, except the publication of an exculpatory letter from the Rev. Mr. Hugo, which has appeared in the Literary Gazette of the 16th Dec. A report on the studies of Haileybury College has been presented to Sir Charles Wood, signed by Mr. Macaulay, Lord Ashburton, Messrs. Melvill and Jowett, and the Speaker of the House of Commons. By extending the age eligible for admission from seventeen to twenty-three, and that for appointments to the Indian service from twenty-three to twenty-five, — by making one year at the college sufficient in the case of remarkable application and talent, and by requiring in the candidates for Haileybury nothing more than a high - H degree of attainment in the usual studies of a scholar and a gentleman, and some partial knowledge of Arabic and Sanscritit proposes to open admission to the college, and its consequent prizes of writerships and fortune, to the whole educated youth of the country. The Boden Professorship and Scholarships at Oxford have formed the wedge which has led to this great opening; and Oxford may possibly become the head-quarters of Oriental learning; but the advantage gained for itself the University will have to share with humbler institutions. A site near Wokingham has been selected for the Wellington College. Mr. Gibson has given twelve acres, and has sold one hundred more, at a low price, to the Governors. The site adjoins the Reigate and Reading branch of the South Eastern Railway, and is about two miles from Sandhurst. It is nine miles from Windsor, and within sight of Strathfieldsaye. The Owens College, Manchester, has received an accession of funds which has enabled the trustees to found two new professorships. The building occupied by the College has hitherto been rented from Mr. George Faulkner, one of the trustees, who had purchased it for 5000., and charged a rent of 4. per cent. upon the outlay. Mr. Faulkner has given the building to the institution, and out of the rentfund, thus set at liberty, the trustees have established a professorship of Political Economy and Commercial Science, and a professorship of Jurisprudence. These chairs have been given to Prof. Christie, who already held the chair of History in the Owens College. On the 9th Dec. the exercise of the Rev. Sir Fred. Gore Ouseley for the degree of Doctor of Music was performed in the Sheldonian Theatre at Oxford with unprecedented completeness and effect. His composition was an oratorio, and its subject the Martyrdom of Saint Polycarp. The characters are, the Saint, basso, which was undertaken by Mr. Weiss; an angel sent to comfort and support him, performed by Miss Dolby; the proconsul before whom Polycarp is taken, tenor, Mr. Cumming; three angels, trebles, sung by boys from the Chapel Royal, St. James's; a chorus of Pagans and Christians. The orchestra consisted of forty instrumentalists; a numerous chorus was led by Mr. Blagrove, and the whole was conducted by Dr. Corfe. The theatre was crowded with auditors, and the performance was pronounced perfectly successful. Despatches have been received at the Foreign Office, announcing, with scarcely any reserve, the death of the enterprising traveller, Dr. Barth, and also that of Mr. Henry Warrington. Of Mr. Warrington's death we fear there is no doubt. They have probably both fallen victims to the pestilential climate of Africa. The degree of LL.D. has been conferred on Mr. Hugh Miller, editor of the Edinburgh Witness, author of "Foot-prints of the Creator," &c., at the late commencement in Brown University, Rhode Island. A committee of photographers and antiquaries has been named to promote a testimonial to Dr. Diamond, the Honorary Photographer of the Society of Antiquaries, as some acknowledgment for the eminent services rendered by him to an interesting art, and, through that art, to archæology and history. With a liberality which does him great honour, Dr. Diamond has freely given his discoveries to the world, although the result of numerous and costly experiments; and his disciples and friends consider that some testimony of their gratitude is due to his generosity. Among other distinctions to which the Emperor of the French aspires is that of authorship. His name must be recorded in the annals of literature. The Works of Napoleon III. are now in course of publication by an eminent Parisian bibliopole, under his Majesty's immediate supervision. When collected, they will form four handsome octavo volumes, and consist chiefly of essays and disquisitions on political, social, and military topics, with state papers and documents connected with the Emperor's history. Mr. Bryce, of Paternoster-row, has purchased the copyright of Lady Morgan's Works, and is about to re-issue them in a cheap popular form. The first volume will contain The Life and Times of Salvator Rosa. The Rev. J. W. Warter, son-in-law of Southey, is preparing for the press a collection of the poet's Correspondence. Persons having letters of interest are requested to allow them to be used for the proposed work. The library of the late Mr. J. C. King, which consisted of many of the best editions of the Greek and Latin classics, first editions of the works of early English poets, illustrations of the drama, voyages and travels, and capital books in the general branches of literature, has been sold in London, and for the most part fetched a high price. The sale of the interesting and peculiar collection of books which belonged to the late Lord Cockburn has attracted much attention at Edinburgh. A complete set of the Bannatyne Club books was bought by Lord Panmure for 1477. A collection of the original editions of the works of Defoe brought 401. 17s. 6d. A series of tracts on the Burke and Hare murders produced 91. Eight volumes of original editions of Fuller's works were knocked down for 457. 128. A set of the works of the late T. F. Dibdin, 287. 1s. 6d. The collection of tracts fulminated against the Edinburgh Review were secured for the British Museum. They were knocked down for 851. 88. 6d. The curious carvings in oak, of the fifteenth century, known as the Stirling Heads, which formerly ornamented the Scotish monarch's presence chamber at Stirling, were bought, it is understood by the magistrates of that town, for 2107. The collection of Manuscripts and Autograph Letters formed by the late Mr. William Pickering has been dispersed by Messrs. Sotheby and Wilkinson; consisting of several valuable heraldic and historical manuscripts, illuminated missals, breviaries, horæ, theological and controversial manuscripts, and several relating to typography and bibliography; and miscellaneous autograph letters and manuscripts. The Privy Purse Expenses of Henry the Eighth, from Nov. 1529 to Dec. 1532, signed by the king, on forty relating to the Embassy at Venice, 21. 148. pages, sold for 12. Killegrew Papers, Plinii Epistolæ, 31. bought by Mr. Boone, presumably for the British Museum. Admiralty Papers, including Letters of Blake and Monk, 27. 5s., fell into the hands of Mr. Chaffers. Mr. Bohn secured Lady Warwick's Diary, the whole of which, we think, has been published, 57. 15s.; and Thomson's unpublished Juvenile Poems, 13. Mr. Tite bought the Ligonier Letters, 171. Mr. Cunningham secured Killegrew Papers, relating to Drury Lane, 47. 188.; and Mr. Holloway Ritson's Bibliographica Scotica, 107. 108. Among the letters were thirty-six of the poet Burns, which brought high prices. The lowest sold for 14s. ; and the MS. of "Scots wha hae wi' Wallace bled" brought 301. The last was bought by Mr. Stevens-of course for America. The original document, signed and sealed, appointing the poet an exciseman, produced 5l. 12s. 6d. A pleasing statue of Wordsworth, by Thrupp, has been erected in the Baptistery of Westminster Abbey. The poet is represented in a loose classical robe, sitting on a mossy bank, and has a very characteristic aspect. The monument is next to that of Secretary Craggs, the friend of Pope and of Addison. The sale of the picture-gallery of the Baron de Mecklenbourg, one of the most famous in Paris, has taken place by auction in that city. The Marquess of Hertford bought a Horse-market, by Wouvermans, for 3,2001.; and the Museum of the Louvre a landscape by Hobbema, for 2,8801. Rembrandt's portrait of Burgomaster Six was knocked down for 1,1207.; a landscape, by Ruysdael, for 5607.; a landscape, by Both, for 1,1287.; a Dutch canal, by Berghem, for 7607.; a Christ, by Rembrandt, for 5201.; a portrait of Philip Rubens, by Rubens, for 1287.; and a Watering-place for Horses, by Paul Potter, 2581. The total number of pic. tures sold was thirty, and the amount obtained was 14,2407.-a large sum in these times. An extraordinary accident has destroyed several valuable paintings, by some of the most celebrated masters, the property of John Naylor, esq. of Leighton Hall, Montgomeryshire. In order to enhance the interest attaching to the opening of St. George's Hall, Liverpool, Mr. Naylor kindly lent several paintings, valued at nearly 20,0001. for exhibition in that building. To prevent the possibility of an accident by railway, it was determined to return the paintings by a road-van, and on the 24th Nov. they arrived at the level crossing at Gobowen (Oswestry) station, on the Shrewsbury and Cheshire railway. The gates having been opened about the time the three o'clock train from Chester was due, the van attempted to cross, when by some means or other the wheels became entangled in the gate, which caused delay, and, while they were endeavouring to get the vehicle off the line, the train came up and dashed into it, completely smashing the van, and tearing the paintings, or, at least, the greater portion of them. The loss to Mr. Naylor by this unfortunate accident is estimated at from 12,000l. to 14,000%. Messrs. Colnaghi, of Pall Mall, are publishing a variety of illustrations of the war, some of which are of historical value, being from sketches on the spot, and all of them interesting as works of art. Among those last produced the most striking is a view of the gallant but disastrous charge of the Light Cavalry at Balaklava, on the 25th October. One picture of Sebastopol is from a sketch by Lieutenant Thorold, of the 33rd Regiment, who fell on the 5th at the battle of Inkermann, while gallantly doing his duty as an outlying picquet. There are portraits also of Rear Admiral Sir Edmund Lyons and of Miss Nightingale. As specimens of lithography most of these illustrations of the war are very superior. The Medal issued by Mr. Mayer in commemoration of the opening of St. George's Hall at Liverpool is superior, both in design and execution, to the majority of |