persuade me, that faith and patience are the proper ways for the preservation of religion; and the method of the Gospel is to suffer persecution rather than to use resistance. But if I have sinned in this, I hope God will not lay it to my charge, since he knows it was only a sin of ignorance."

Dr. Tillotson was much dissatisfied with this passage, and particularly with the coldness of the concluding paragraph. He felt that he had been the instrument of conveying a wrong impression to the King; so, not having opportunity at that time to urge the matter, he went home, and wrote a paper concerning it, which he brought to Lord Russell. This was on the Friday afternoon, the day before the execution. The paper was in the form of a letter, in the following words:

"I was heartily glad to see your Lordship this morning in that calm and devout temper at receiving the Sacrament. But peace of mind, unless it be well grounded, will avail little. And because transient discourse many times have little effect for want of time to weigh and consider it, therefore, in tender compassion of your Lordship's case, and from all the good-will that one man can bear to another, I do humbly offer

to your Lordship's deliberate thoughts, these following considerations concerning the point of resistance, if our religion and rights should be invaded, as your Lordship puts the case, concerning which I understood, by Dr. Burnet, that your Lordship had once received satisfaction, and am sorry to find a change.

"First, that the Christian religion doth plainly forbid the resistance of authority.

"Secondly, that though our religion be established by law, (which your Lordship argues as a difference between our case and that of the primitive Christians,) yet in the same law, which establishes our religion, it is declared, that it is not lawful, upon any pretence whatsoever, to take up arms, &c. Besides that, there is a particular law declaring the power of the militia to be solely in the King. And this ties the hands of subjects, though the law of nature, and the general rules of Scripture, have left us at liberty, which I believe they do not, because the government, and peace of human society, could not well subsist upon these terms.

Thirdly, your Lordship's opinion is contrary to the declared doctrine of all Protestant churches. And though some particular persons have thought otherwise, yet they have been contradicted herein, and condemned for it, by the

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generality of the Protestants. And I beg of your Lordship to consider, how it will agree with an avowed asserting of the Protestant religion, to go contrary to the general doctrine of the Protestants.

My end in this is to convince your Lordship, that you are in a very great and dangerous mistake; and being so convinced, that, which before was a sin of ignorance, will appear of a much more heinous nature, as in truth it is, and call for a very particular and deep repentance; which, if your Lordship sincerely exercise upon the sight of your error, by a penitent acknowledgment of it to God and men, you will not only obtain forgiveness of God, but prevent a mighty scandal to the reformed religion.

"I am very loth to give your Lordship any disquiet in the distress you are in, which I commiserate from my heart; but am much more concerned, that you do not leave the world in a delusion and false peace, to the hindrance of your eternal happiness.

"I heartily pray for you, and beseech your Lordship to believe, that I am, with the greatest sincerity and compassion in the world,

"My Lord,

"Your Lordship's most faithful,

"And afflicted Servant,

July 20. 1683.

"JOHN TILLOTSON."

Lord Russell, on receiving the paper, went into an inner room, and, after staying some time, upon his return, told the Dean he had read the letter, and was willing to be convinced, but could not say he was so; and hoped God would forgive him, if he were in error. Dr. Tillotson said he hoped so too, and soon went away. Meeting Dr. Burnet as he came out, he desired him either to prevail upon Lord Russell to go farther, or to strike out the whole paragraph above cited, from his speech. He went himself to Lord Halifax, to whom he gave his letter, and expressed his regret for having engaged him to make a wrong statement to the King. Upon Dr. Burnet's entering upon the subject, Lord Russell answered, that he could not tell a lie; and if he went farther, he must needs lie. He said, he had not leisure then to study politics. The notion he had of laws, and of the English government, was different from theirs; yet, he said, so far did he submit to them, and to the reasons they had offered him, that he was willing to go so far as he had done, but could not go further without being disingenuous. When Dr. Burnet proposed striking out the whole paragraph, he was very well satisfied to do so, and said his chief reason for putting it in, was to prevent any inconvenience that might come to Tillotson and him. But he often said, that, whatever his

opinion might be, in cases of extremity, he was against these ways, and ever thought a parliamentary cure was the proper remedy for all the distempers of the nation; and protested that he, and a few more, had taken much pains to moderate people's heats for three years together, and had ever persuaded their friends to be quiet, and wait for a parliament. *

It will not now be denied, that the opinion. which Lord Russell entertained of the duty of a subject, was more correct than that of the two worthy and respectable clergymen who attended him, and his asserting that opinion at a moment so solemn, when a different conduct might perhaps have saved his life, ought to make his memory dear to every friend of freedom.

*Birch's Life of Tillotson.

Burnet's Journal.