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favourable to their development, there is all the more
need that a prophet should arise whose interests are not
intimately allied with either, and who is bold enough to
speak the language of sincerity, however unpalatable.
"We have," says Mr. Archer, "got into a vicious circle,
and seem likely to go on turning in it indefinitely. A
frivolous public calls for frivolous plays, and frivolous
plays breed a frivolous public. The public degrades
the managers, the managers the authors, the authors the
actors, the actors the critics, and the critics the public
again."
These are brave words, and they are not the
bravest in the book. After them the reader may be prepared
for Mr. Archer's excellent plaint against the non-literary
character of existing stage-work, and his enlightened
but perfectly merciless examination of contemporary
playwrights. If Boileau's advice to the poet-

"Faites-vous des amis prompts à vous censurer"— has any weight, the modern dramatist should make a friend of Mr. Archer, and "grapple him to his soul with hooks of steel,"

John Leech: a Biographical Sketch. By F. G. Kitton. (Redway.)

A WONDERFULLY rapid and indefatigable worker, Leech died in harness on October 29, 1864, at the early age of forty-six. His extraordinary aptitude for drawing showed itself very soon, and it is said that Flaxman, on seeing some of his youthful productions, declared that "the boy must be an artist; he will be nothing else or less." Though educated for the medical profession at St. Bartholomew's Hospital, Leech gradually gave up his medical work and devoted himself entirely to his pencil. It was on August 7, 1841, that his first sketch appeared in the pages of Punch, and from that time to his death he continued to delight us all with his inexhaustible fund of humour. It is a strange fact that though Leech has been dead nearly twenty years, yet no complete history of his life has yet been written. In the absence of a fuller biography we cordially welcome Mr. Kitton's interesting little sketch, which is accompanied with several illustrations of Leech's sketches and a very useful chronological list of works wholly or partly illustrated by the subject of the memoir.

book contains a good pedigree of the family, which shows how several notable men of the present or recent days spring from the great admiral. The late Dr. Pusey and the late Warden of Merton College, Oxford, memor able for having contested the representation of that university with the present Prime Minister, were both descended from Sir Cloudesley's daughter Elizabeth.

THE first number of Old Lincolnshire is good, but it does not come up to the idea we had formed of it. It was surely a mistake to begin with a print of the tower of Boston Church. There are hundreds of interesting objects in that great county which have never been engraved or represented in any permanent form. Why, then, begin with the most hackneyed subject in the shire?

IN MEMORIAM.-A correspondent writes: "The columns of " N. & Q." should record the death of an old correspondent, the Rev. F. B. Butler, of Haileybury College, at the early age of forty-two. Mr. Butler was educated at St. Paul's School and the King's School, Canterbury, and was elected to a Postmastership at Merton College, Oxford. At Oxford he was one of the founders of the Canning Society. At Haileybury he encouraged the study of the subject to which he was especially devoted by the establishment of an antiquarian society. His friends will long deplore the premature loss of a man of rare gifts, and every quality necessary to achieve distinction except ambition; whilst his retiring disposition only made him dearer to those who were privileged to know him best."

WE find, with much regret, that the writer of the query Washington's Ancestors," ante, p. 368, adopted known in connexion with genealogical researches, as his nom de plume the name of a gentleman well thereby causing him much annoyance.

Notices to Correspondents.

We must call special attention to the following notices: Un all communications must be written the name and address of the sender, not necessarily for publication, but as a guarantee of good faith.

We cannot undertake to answer queries privately.

A READER ("Bouciong "). -You evidently mean "Beauséant," the Templar war-cry, mentioned by Boutell, Heraldry, p. 334, and by Scott, Ivanhoe, c. xiii. It was the name of the banner of the order, but the meaning is not explained by either Boutell or Scott, and is, we believe, still an open question.

F. W. W.-You shall have a proof of the present instalment,

the MS.
G. J. GRAY (Cambridge).-We shall be glad to have

We have received The Shipwreck of Sir Cloudesley Shovell on the Scilly Islands in 1707, a paper read before the Society of Antiquaries by James Herbert Cooke, F.S.A. (Gloucester, Bellows). We owe this interesting pamphlet to Mr. Cooke having come into possession of some manuscript notes as to the terrible shipwreck in which Sir Cloudesley Shovell and 2,000 others perished. They were made about two years after the event by a Mr. Edmund Herbert, who was Deputy l'aymaster-General of the Marine Regiments, and was sent to the Scilly Isles to conduct operations for the recovery of salvage from the wreck. Mr. Cooke has made his account as complete as possible by consulting the log-books of the other vessels of the squadron which are now preserved in the Public Record Office. We believe this to be by far the best and most complete account of the great shipwreck which at present exists. Mr. Cooke seems to have no doubt as to Sir Cloudesley Shovell's having been a Norf. lk man. The balance of evidence is perhaps in favour|lization. of this, but genealogists should not rest satisfied until his origin is demonstrated. Yorkshire as well as Norfolk puts in a claim for him. Abraham de la Pryme states in his Diary (Surtees Soc., No. 54) that Shovell 66 was a poor lad, born in Yorkshire, who was at first ostler at an iun at Redford, in Nottinghamshire; and after that, being weary of his place, he went to Stockwith, in Lincolnshire, where he turned tarpaulin, and from thence, getting acquainted with the sea, he grew up to what he now is" (p. 169). Mr. Cooke's little

COL. A. F. (Edinburgh).-We should like to have the paper. Please supply an introduction.

R. E. BARTLETT.-Consult Buckle's History of Civi

J. A. FOWLER-Apply to the Publisher of “N. & Q."

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Dedicated to H. R.H. the Prince of Wales by permission.
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Contents for JUNE.

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The Pipe Roll Society-A Gloucestershire Parish a Thousand Years Ago. By T. Kerslake- The Classics in the Middle Ages. By J. Leyland-The D'Abrichcourt Family. By Rev. J. Mask-ll-Horace's Sabine Farm-The Chiltern Hundreds in Oxfordshire. By Rev. MT. Pearman-Gilds. By Cornelius Walford, FS.S.-Masenius, Lauder, and Milton: a Famous Literary Forgery-John de Courei, Conqueror of Ulster. By J. H. Round-Reviews of Books-Meeting of Societies, &c. WILLIAM REEVES, 185, Fleet Street, London.

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