Athelney has been quoted to account for that North Anglian dedication at Wells in Saxon Somerset, which I have elsewhere already more probably accounted for by external or political causes. But we have an undoubted and indisputable example of this process in the origin of such places in the case of Malmesbury, and this also illustrates the penetration of the Patrician missions into the south of England. Being later, it was contingent with, and overlaps, received Anglo-Saxon history, and has actually merged into it. Maildulf, "natione Scottus" (William of Malmesbury), the preceptor of St. Aldhelm, having settled upon the holm which is formed by two arms of the Wilts and Gloucestershire Avon, in this same manner left to the place the name of Maildulf's-holm's- | bury-Malmesbury. Did this Scot or Hibernian reach Wiltshire by the Clyde or the Severn? St. Wilfrid also found already at Bosham, the germ of Chichester, "Scotus quidam, Dicvl nomine (Beda in Harpsfield, p. 79). Tewkesbury is a probably similar case. The tradition, which passed early into writing, is that it began with Theocus, an eminent hermit." When I formerly hinted an assumption that the influence of the Patrician mission had spread far inland through the higher part of the Severn estuary, the case of Tewkesbury and Theocus was kindly suggested to me, as an additional contributory example, by a learned Irish hagiologist, the Rev. J. F. Shearman,* proposing the name of St. Tóit of Inis-Toite, commemorated September 7 in the Martyrology of Donegal. But the change of the t of the Irish name into c or k on passing into the English form, if unsupported by an authentic example, appeared to be too arbitrary a concession of what is so considerable a constituent of so short a name; and I withheld my acceptance of this candidate for the credit of having been the nominator of Tewkesbury. I have, however, just met with what must be a very early example of the English town-name in which the t does appear. It is in an Anglo-Saxon catalogue of monasteries in England, claimed by one Cynelme to have been founded by his "foremost fathers," and inscribed on a brass plate on the south side of Leominster Church. This plate is said to have been found and copied by John Hackluyte in 1592, and is printed at the end of the last edition of Weever's Funeral Monuments (1767, 4to., p. 584). In this the name appears as "Deorirbyng," which may be taken as perhaps the earliest example after it had stepped out of its native Hibernian into its English usage. In one MS. of William of Malmes Mr. Shearman is the author of Loca Patriciana (royal 8vo., Dublin, 1879), a learned and exhaustive inquiry into the Irish topography (chiefly in Leinster), genealogy, and home status of St. Patrick and his numer. ous disciples. bury his fanciful etymology has the form "Theotesberia" (G. Pont., Rolls edition, p. 295). But the continuance of Glastonbury through British into Saxon times is more than a matter of mere tradition or of inference from names. It had become so interwoven with the general history of the times, that, although a strong disposition to oust it has been manifest in the "English school" of historians, it is so far allowed to stand that theoretical frontiers are compelled to respect it. The late most ingenious and learned Dr. Guest, for example, extends the Gloucestershire conquest of Ceawlin (A.D. 577) over a large portion of Somersetshire, not indicated by the records, and neither at all likely from them nor from the natural frontiers. He does not scruple to appropriate, without even a conflict, the entire Mendip mountain range, but is brought to a stop at the small river Axe, because Glastonbury, with its strong continuous history, stood on the other bank. But the name of Glastonbury brings us into contact with another question, the determination of which will contribute an additional train of evidence of a Celtic substratum. Bristol. THOMAS KERSLAKE. (To be continued.) REMARKS ON PROF. SKEAT'S NOTES ON Many of your readers must have read Prof. Skeat's Notes to the A B and C texts of Piers the Plowman issued by the Early English Text Society (No. 67). No one can go through those pages carefully without gaining good store of new facts and fresh illustrations of things he knew before. I have had occasion to do so once again during the last few days, and some trivial matters have occurred to me of which it may be well to make notes. of giving horses bread to eat. Horsebread, we are 168. There is a very good account of the practice told, is still used on the Continent. When it went out of fashion in England I do not know. It must have been in use in 1719, for in a curious little book, called "The School of Recreation; or, a Guide to the Most Ingenious Exercises, by R. H., London, Printed for A. Bettesworth at the Red Lyon in Pater-noster-row, 1719," we have the following directions for making it : "The best Food for your Racer is good, sweet, well dry'd sunned and beaten Oats: or else Bread made of one part Beans, and two parts Wheat, i. e. two Bushels of Wheat to one of Beans, ground together; Boult through a fine Range half a Bushel of fine Meal, and bake that into two or three Loaves by it self, and with water and good store of Barm, knead up, and bake the rest in great Loaves, having sifted it through a Mealsieve (But to your finer you would do well to put the Whites of Twenty or thirty Eggs, and with the Barm a little Ale, 'tis no matter how little Water). With the Coarser feed him on his Resting Days, on his Labouring days with the finer."-P. 27. In the household accounts of the Lestranges of Hunstanton about the year 1525 there is an entry "Paid for horsbredde iijs" (Archæologia, xxv. 465). It is also mentioned in the Household Books of Lord William Howard, p. 196, which were edited in 1878 by my friend Canon Ornsby for the Surtees Society. In a note the editor directs attention to the fact that, according to Halliwell's Dictionary, it was "anciently a common phrase to say that a diminutive person was no higher than three horse loaves." 290. "Naked as a needle." A parallel to this proverbial expression-if, indeed, it be not a conscious adaptation-occurs in The Age: a Colloquiale Wensleydale of Satire, by Philip James Bailey: "As life-school models, philosophic misses, Superior to their sex's prejudices, Nude as a needle, attitudinise, So these for our behoof will agonise; Walton, B. e Loudoun, V. Rawdon, B. e Rawdon, B. B. of e Hamilton Their very hearts, to illustrate a doubt."-P. 75. 324. The Seven Sleepers. It is much to be wished that some one with the needful attainments would give us a history of this beautiful legend. It is certainly earlier than the time of Mohammed, for there is a very good version of it in the eighteenth sura of the Koran, where we are told that "at the threshold [of the cave] lay their dog with paws outstretched" (Rodwell's trans., second edit., p. 183). This dog, whose name was Katmir, is one of the animals that the Moham-e medans believe will live for ever in Paradise. 397. Organs. A late instance of the use of this plural occurs in a song printed in Percy's Reliques, fourth edit., vol. ii. p. 342, entitled "The Sale of Rebellious Household-Stuff." It was evidently composed about the time of the restoration of e Wenman, B. Charles II.: "Here's a pair of bellows and tongs, And for a small matter I'll sell ye 'um; "I had thought to have given them once They are consecrate to the church; They will make the big organs roar, In the Rump Songs, first edit., pt. i. p. 129, is a poem "To a fair Lady weeping for her Husband Committed to Prison by the Parliament, 1643," in which occurs the following: Nay more, the fair Delinquent hath A pair of Organs in her throat, Which when she doth inspire with breath, Her very Hair, put in array e Strangford, V... 1623, I. 1825, U.K. e Broughton, B... B. Robt. Monsey Rolfe, first Henry Weysford Chas. Plantagenet Rawdon-Hastings, fourth M. Robert Montgomery, eighth Baron Belhaven and Stenton, first B. Percy Ellen Fred. Wm. Syd- John Cam Hobhouse, first B. Charles Fredk. Cranstoun, George Thos. John, eighth 1839, U.K. Henry Villiers-Stuart, first B. * Life peerage. Date of Creation. 1874. Name of last Holder. 1867, U.K. Duncan McNeill, first B. 1806, I. 1797, I. 1875. Alfred Bury, fifth E. George Sutherland-Dunbar, seventh B. Brook Wm. Bridges, first B. Sixth E. what regiments at the time of the Civil Wars were dressed in colours. I believe it will be found that any regiment of one colour was raised and clothed at the expense of the colonel; and uniform, though mentioned, existed only on paper as a rule. Of the coloured regiments I can only recollect the following mentioned :-The "Greencoats," commanded by John Hampden; the "Whitecoats," a regiment of Northumbrian men, commanded by the Marquis of Newcastle, also called "Newcastle's Lambs," from their bravery and the colour of their coats; and the "Yellow" regiment of London Trained Bands, the origin of the "Buffs." I think there was also a "Green" regiment of Tower Hamlets or London Trained Bands, but of this I am not sure. Sir Thomas Byron commanded the "Blacks." There were one regiment of purple, one of grey, and two of red, one for the king, one for the Parsix-liament. No doubt others, better informed on John Arthur Douglas Bloom- this subject than I am, can give us particulars of other coloured regiments of this period, to complete the list. Whatever may be the result of the present discussion, it will be seen that I, at any rate, shall not desert my colours. B. F. SCARLETT. 1870, U.K. John Young, first B. 1461, I. 1825, I. Baron Kinnaird, first B. Thomas Barnewall, fleld, second B. 1871, U.K. 1802, U.K. Horace Pitt Rivers, sixth B. 1852, U.K. Stratford Canning, first V. 1872, U.K. John Hanmer, first B. e Hughenden, V. e Hatherley, B. e Airey, B... 1866, U.K. 1876, U.K. e Netterville, V... 1622, I. : 1882. I notice the following slight inaccuracies in these lists (1) The barony of Aston of Forfar is supposed to be dormant, and not extinct; (2) The person by whose death in 1857 the barony of Fife became extinct, was fourth Earl Fife, and not Earl of Fife. 66 SIGMA. COLOURS IN THE ARMY.-Now that the question of altering the chief colour in the army is being discussed, I see in some daily paper a sentence from a letter of Oliver Cromwell's quoted, to the effect that he gave a preference to the 'russet coated soldier." The passage was quoted as though he gave the preference to the soldier because of the colour of his dress, and that this is the impression given to others appears by the fact that no one has suggested, what I think is the case, that Cromwell used the term as a general one, for any soldier, as the army at that time was chiefly dressed in buff (leather) coats, with a scarf of a distinguishing colour across the shoulder. It may be now an interesting question to see Life peerage. CATSPAW.-The English dictionaries which I happen to have only mention the story of the monkey, the cat, and the chestnuts, but do not identify it with any particular instance, which is an omission on their part. Nich. Caussin, in his Polyhistor Symbolicus, referring to Maiol., Colloq. 7, a work which I have not, observes : "Alebatur in aula Julii II. simia, quæ castaneas prunis cineribus obtectas arrepto felis, quæ tum forte aderat, pede extraxit et potita est."-Lib. vii., c. 98, p. 476, Paris, 1647. Drexelius gives a longer and more graphic description. He introduces a guest at an imaginary literary feast, who observes : "Audio viro primario simium fuisse, qui, quod domesticus esset juxta ac graciosus, per ædes libere discurrebat. Quadam vero die, dum ante culinam excubat stomacho suo militaturus, cocus quidem eas excubias observavit, sed dissimulavit observasse, nec pro more quidquam dedit in stipendium. Enimvero ubi miles videt se spe sua frustratum, mox in culinam, et simul, abeunte coco, in focum. Accidit autem ut eo tempore prunis exploratorem advertisset, simium accivit: ascendit ergo castanea torrerentur, quarum odor, qui vix jejunum focum, vidit arridentes sibi castaneas......tollere conatur, sed infelici successu, quippe qui et ipse ardoris impatiens adustos digitos retraxerit. Dum vero consilii anceps hæret, felem conspicit musculis insidiantem, eamque lanti ore fulminantem ad vicariam operam cogit; promox invadit, et quantum quantum renitentem, et sibiducit, inquam, suisque manibus felis pedem apprehendit, et sic eo ministro castaneam unam post alteram e prunis extrahit. At felis tam barbara servitutis impatiens horrende in lupum ululavit, illisque insolitis lamentis auxiliarem coci opem sibi accersivit."-Aurifodina, pars iii. cap. ii. p. 205, Antv., 1641. Julius II. was Pope A.D. 1503-13. What is the earliest use of the phrase "to make a catspaw of any one," or of the term "catspaw"? It is not in Johnson, 1785. ED. MARSHALL. THE ACRE A LINEAL MEASURE.-I thought this secondary meaning of the word was quite obsolete until I saw it used in this sense by a graphic writer in the Standard of the 23rd ult., in an article entitled "On the Downs," when describing a ray of sunlight through a rift in the clouds lighting up, as it moved along, "an acre wide upon the sward." Possibly the writer had in his mind merely the width of a square acre. The dictionaries of the last century, such as Bailey's, do not give this meaning, though it was commonly used in the Middle Ages for the length of four rods, poles, or perches, the measurement of the more constant side, or rather width, of the normal areal acre (see 6th S. vi. 230). My first acquaintance with the use of the word in this sense, I remember, was in Stow's Survey of London (Thoms's capital popular edition, p. 119), where a pipe or water-course" of lead to the Grey Friars is mentioned as 66 containing by estimation in length eighteen acres." A. S. ELLIS. Westminster. 66 EPITAPH.-The following is from St. Clement's churchyard, Truro. It is on a slate slab, now fastened on the outside of the church wall, but from the inscription which runs round the outside, so that some of it is now upside down, it is clear that originally it lay flat : "Here lyes the body of William the son of James Hawkey of this parish who was buried the first of January 1705. Here lyeth also the bodyes of his Grandfather and Grandmother, and his mother, two sisters and one brother. "Loe here we may behold how frail is man, Let's drop a teare upon his tomb, that we Treneglos, Kenwyn, Truro. "A 'Punch,' organized by the Communists who were proscribed in 1871, was held last evening in the Rue du Temple, and was attended by about 250 persons......The evening terminated by the revolutionary baptism of a newly-born child, to whom the name of Inares was given."-Times, March 20 (Paris correspondent). I wonder if this curious term for a social gathering is derived from punch, the beverage (in Hindi panch, five), or from Punch, the hump-backed hero of the puppet-show (Italian pulcinello, a puppet). Oxford. A. L. MAYHEW. FORGOTTEN WORTHIES.-The REV. DR. A. B. GROSART, Brooklyn House, Blackburn, Lancashire, will be grateful for any biographical information on the following names that occur in a MS. of 1625, viz.: (1) Sir Thomas Love, Knt.; (2) Sir Henry Bruce, Knt.; (3) Sir John Wattes, Knt.; (4) Francis Carewe, "a gentleman of the Prince's chamber"; (5) Sir Beverley Newcomb, Knt.; (6) Sir John Chudley or Chidley, Knt.; (7) Sir Michael Sayer, Knt.; (8) Mr. Wriotesley (died Nov. 19, 1625). The whole of these served in the English navy. Many names of (then) captains of ships in the navy seem to be now hopelessly forgotten. Can any reader of "N. & Q." give any sources likely to aid in recovering more or fewer of the "brave fellows" who stoutly served their country and got no fame or reward? Queries. We must request correspondents desiring information on family matters of only private interest, to affix their names and addresses to their queries, in order that the answers may be addressed to them direct. PEDIGREE OF THE LORDS WELLES OF LINCOLNSHIRE.-I wish that one of your readers who is happy enough to be able to visit the Record son of the Duke of Würtemberg, and that he ended his days in Switzerland, enjoying a pension from his quondam pupil, and leaving a son, who was somewhile colonel and aide-de-camp to the said duke, but in later life, although remaining a Protestant, re-established himself in France; and that the two sisters became the wives of Prussian officers of Refugee extraction, Lieut.-Col. le Chenevix de Béville and Lieut.-General de Forcade. Col. de Béville, who is said to have come from a common stock with the Chenevixes of Ireland, was father, presumably by this marriage, of General de Béville, the Prussian Governor of Neuchatel; and within the last century the De Bévilles had intermarried with the noble Prussian families of Dressler, Lattorf, and Voss. Similarly the Forcades had allied themselves with Aschersleben, Eberhardt, Eichstadt, Honstedt, Koschenbahr, Prittwitz, and Woldeck. More exact and fuller information, extending to M. de Saint Hippolite's later descendants, would be greatly welH. W. New University Club. Office would help me to clear up the pedigree of so confused in all the received accounts that some competent antiquary would do good service if he would look at the different Inquests and ascertain the truth. TEWARS. HUGUENOT REFUGEE FAMILY OF MONTOLIEU. -Louis de Montolieu de Saint Hippolite, elder brother to David, who founded the English branch of this family, died at Berlin (it is not recorded in what year), in the enjoyment of a pension from the three powers he had served-England, Prussia, and Sardinia. By his marriage in 1696 with Susanne de Pelissier he had, with two daughters, Susanne and Marie, two sons, Alexander, who in 1709 received a commission in the regiment of the hereditary Prince of Cassel, and Frederic Charles, who was in 1713 a lieutenant in the regiment of Rehbinder in the Sicilian service. From Erman and Reclam's Mémoires pour Servir à l'Histoire des Réfugiés François dans les Etats du Roi, Berlin, 1799, it appears that one of these brothers, presumably Alexander, became tutor to the eldest OLD ENGLISH MORTAR.-The churchwardens of St. Martin's, Leicester, having determined in 1606 to point the steeple, purchased the following with which to make the mortar or cement :— Item payd for one loade of lyme, vj viij. Item payde to John Harris for one loade of sande, xvja. Item for iij of allome, x. Item for j strike of peeces, ixa. Item payde for iiij" of Rosen, vij1. Item payde for three strikes of mault, vj. Llanfairfechan. THOMAS NORTH. CHARLES WHitehead. Can any of your readers give me information touching the life of this remarkable writer? Mr. Hall Caine's Sonnets of Three Centuries classes him with writers born 1809-11, and DR. BLAIR ("N. & Q.," 3rd S. xii. 99), writing from Melbourne in 1867, says, "Mr. Whitehead ended his days not happily in this city." Allibone furnishes the following bibliography: 1. The Solitary, 1851; 2. Lives of English Highwaymen, 1834; 3. Victoria Victrix, 1838; 4. Richard Savage, 1842; 5. Earl of Essex, |