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period of persecution and apostasy its measure supplied
only by the Papal and Mahometan despotisms. Times
and seasons not to be curiously scanned. Concealed
under various dates of Daniel. Title of Antichrist fixed
on the Papacy as well as on Mahometanism. Result.

SECTION IV.- Pages 280-314.

HISTORICAL ANALOGY OF MAHOMETANISM WITH JUDAISM

AND CHRISTIANITY.

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Analogy between the founders. Moses a type of Messiah.
Mahomet a pseudo-messiah. Resemblances chiefly imi-
tations. This a confirmation of providential analogy-
Antichrist to imitate the Christ. Some resemblances not
imitations also marks of providential disposal of An-
tichrist foretold in Scripture. Both kinds of resemblance
in Mahomet. Table of analogy with Moses and Christ.
Recapitulation. Equal value of designed and undesigned
agreements. The studied coincidences prove Mahomet
an Antichrist the unstudied show agency of permissive
Providence. Table of analogy between the religious sys-
tems. Recapitulation. Object of Section. Its materials
furnish subjects of succeeding sections.

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SECTION V. — Pages 315-363.

MORAL ANALOGY OF MAHOMETANISM WITH JUDAISM
AND CHRISTIANITY.

Mahometanism a servile copy. Counterpart of corruptions
in the true revelation. This analogy without value as an
infidel argument. Valuable as a link between covenants
of Isaac and Ishmael. The moral codes preserve the
distance marked by the natural relation of these brethren.
Design of Section. Mahometan scheme of morals — its
sources. Christian morals inimitable- by Mahometanism

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- ex-

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-by Judaism. Law of Mahomet to be compared with law
of Moses. Error of controversialists-judge Mahomet
'as a Christian heresiarch
seem to forget that he was a
heathen. His moral system conformable to Arab usage
restricted national licence. Personal immorality of
Mahomet-mark of false prophet. Polygamy - regu-
lated after Jewish tradition. Prohibited degrees · after
Pentateuch. Mahometan code a reform of Pagan Arabia.
Reformation necessarily imperfect. Analogy of Mahomet
with Moses as legislator. Mosaic toleration
plained by our Lord — explanation not wholly inappli-
Icable to Mahometanism. Jewish laws of divorce of
concubinage against adultery—against fornication —
imitated. Retaliation-regulated after Mosaic law-
aim of both legislators to restrain revenge. Murder-
Koran reverses the primeval sentence. Mahometan code
alloyed from Rabbinical tradition. Higher ordinances of
Judaism not altogether neglected by Koran - moral vir-
tues inculcated-moral duties prescribed. Some things
rather in spirit of Gospel than of law. Mahometan tra-
dition - Proverbs of Ali - selection from: Piety and trust
in God. Patience. Love of the world. Charity. Re-
turning good for evil. Self-government. Purity of heart.
The tongue. Contentment. Death. Eternity. Good works.
Humility. Faith. Mahometan beatitudes. Saracen ethics
an advance on Koran. Use of Islamism in raising mo-
rals of heathen nations. Testimonies.

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SECTION VI.

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-Pages 364-402.

DOCTRINAL ANALOGY OF MAHOMETANISM WITH JUDAISM

AND CHRISTIANITY.

The Apostles preached Jesus and the Resurrection. The
Jews believed in a Messiah and a resurrection.
The re-
ligion of Mahomet confesses faith in Christ and a resur-
rection. In these fundamental articles Mahometans above

Jews. Mahometan creed-respecting Christ-respecting
resurrection. Mixture of ridiculous figments with Chris-
tian truths. General judgment. Rewards and punish-
ments. Plagiarism from Rabbins - from Magians and
Gnostics. Perversions of Scripture figures. Likeness to
fanciful phraseology of early Fathers S. Irenæus. Ko-
ran spiritualized by its commentators. Tendency of
Mahometanism to improve. Mahometan and Scriptural
representations of Paradise compared. Doctrinal schemes
of the three religious systems unfolded gradually. Au-
thority of tradition. Origin of evil. Approximations of
Mahometan heresies so called to catholic Christianity.
Divine attributes. Nature of Godhead. Predestinarian
controversy. Grace and merit. Further doctrinal cor-
respondence. Absurdities borrowed from Rabbins and
heretics. Mahometanism less heretical than some heresies
called Christian. Eventual acceptance of Christianity.
Prospect of its universal reception. Decay of Maho-
metan, growth of Christian empire, in the East-signs of
approaching fulfilment of prophetic Scriptures.

SECTION VII. — Pages 403–427.

RITUAL ANALOGY OF MAHOMETANISM WITH JUDAISM
AND CHRISTIANITY.

Chief Mahometan rites from law and Gospel. Circumci-
sion. Baptism. Sabbath. Ablution. Stated prayers.
Legal postures and forms.
worship. Fasts and festivals.

Carnival. Fast of Ashur

obligatory and spontaneous

Devoutness of Mussulman
Ramadan-Lent. Bairam
derived from Jews. Fasts
of Rabbinical origin. Ma-
hometan ritual in austerity surpasses Roman. Fasts mo-
ral and ceremonial. Orders and degrees of fasting.
Priesthood sacrifice - Mr. Gibbon's unfounded asser-
tion respecting. Proved from Koran-from history.
Almsgiving. Prohibited meats. Annual Pilgrimage.

ran

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ANALOGY OF THE KORAN WITH THE BIBLE.

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Affinity of the Abrahamic covenants still kept alive. Ser-
vile imitation
very extensive-avowed by Mahomet
himself. Titles divisions subdivisions borrowed
from Jews. Question concerning creation of Koran — of
Rabbinical origin. Alleged revelation by parcels after
Rabbins. Similar reverence paid by Mahometans to Ko-
as Jews pay to Pentateuch. Professed completion
of preceding Scriptures. Contents plagiarized from both
Testaments. Common historical details. Facts of Scrip-
ture mingled with fictions from Talmudists and Apocry-
phal gospels. Koran antichristian parody of Bible.
Analysis of structure. Koran, classes itself with Bible.
So classed by Mahometan tradition. Selection of plagia-
risms. Order and design discernible. Favourite autho-
rities of Koran. Preference for Old Testament. Table
of remarkable parallel passages. Imitations of leading
facts and narratives of Scripture — of its minuter pecu-
liarities- manner-figures-expressions. Koran so far
regarded on favourable side. Borrowed beauties of
Scripture not wholly lost. Demerits of Koran beyond
present limits collected by various writers. Specimens
of its hideous and hateful deformities. The bad and better
features alike belong to antichristian heresy. Descriptions
of hell some too horrid for insertion. Caricatures of
sublime imagery of Scripture. Exposure of defects con-
sistent with fair justice to merits. Beauties of Koran
happy imitations - sublime original conceptions. Im-
pression always marred by context want of uniform im-

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pression on the mind. Concluding specimen. Mahomet
proved an Antichrist by contents of the Koran.

SECTION IX. - Pages 94-111.

ANALOGY OF MAHOMETANISM WITH JUDAISM AND CHRIS-
TIANITY IN ITS SECTS AND REPUTED HERESIES.

Professed agreements in history, subdivisions, and number
of sects- stated by Mahometan tradition. Statement
corroborative of the providential analogy. Comparison of
the chief sects under Law, Gospel, and Koran. Kindred
sects from corresponding disputations. Pharisees-Sad-
ducees: Romanists-Reformed: Sonnites-Shiites: op-
posed on authority of tradition. Latins-Greeks: Turks
-Persians: opposed on ecclesiastical discipline. Jewish
Gnostics-Essenes: Christian Gnostics-Ebionites-Ce-
rinthians-Manichees, &c.: Mahometan Gnostics - Ha-
shemians-Nodhamians - Mozdarians: source-origin of
evil. Arians-Hayetians: nature of Godhead. Catholics-
Pelagians: Jabarians-Kadarians: Liberty and necessity.
Christian schoolmen-Mahometan schoolmen: Divine at-
tributes - Sefatians accused by Motazalites of Christian
notions respecting Deity. Pharisees - Publicans: Ca-
tholics-Pelagians-Calvinists-Arminians: Dervises.
Tzofilar: Faith and works- Grace and merit.

SECTION X.

ANALOGY OF MAHOMETANISM WITH POPERY.

Prominent feature in general correspondence. Claims separ-
ate consideration. Timing of Mahometanism. Simul-
taneous with Papacy. Similar growth of corruptions in
Eastern and Western churches-met by similar visitations.
Mahometan tyranny counterpart of that of papal Rome.
Outline of their correspondence. Papal tyranny distinct
from Western church-Latin church oppressed by yoke