coffee for Philadelphia. The Rowena, as well as her coffee, was of course duly "bagged." But inasmuch as her crew numbered thirteen, besides four passengers, Capt. Moore deemed it prudent to go aboard of her himself as prize-master, taking with him several of the prisoners, and leaving on board the Dixie a crew of four men, under command of Lieut. L. D. Benton, with the remainder of the prisoners.

"The privateer being now in latitude 30 deg. 38 min., longitude 76 deg. 25 min., and with the bark Rowena in her wake, was headed west. On August 2d, she made a strange steamer, but managed to elude her. On Sunday, August 4th, before daylight, a vessel's light was discovered to the eastward, but the Dixie kept shy of her. Shortly after daybreak, a steamer was plainly seen in the same direction. For a while she gave chase to the Dixie, but Lieut. Benton finding himself off a well-known and convenient harbor of our coast, now a port of entry, decided to run in without delay. The steamer, finding her chase ineffectual, hauled off to the southward."

On the 25th of August, the schooner Agricola, from Ellsworth, Me., was overhauled twenty miles northeast from Cape Ann by the privateer schooner Freely, of Charleston, S. C. The Freely, not wishing anything the Agricola had on board, allowed her to resume her voyage. The privateer Sallie, formerly the fore-and-aft schooner Virginia, about 140 tons, and mounting one long gun amidships, with a crew of forty men, commanded by Captain Libby, ran the blockade from Charleston on the 10th of October. On the 13th, when off Charleston, she captured the brig Granada, with a cargo of 400 hogsheads of sugar, melado and molasses, and a quantity of cedar consigned to New York. A privateer brig sailed from St. John's, P. R., on the 6th of September, after having obtained a supply of water and provisions. The schooner Herbert Marston, with a cargo of sugar consigned to New York, and valued at $30,000, on the 3d of July, was captured by a North Carolina privateer steamer twenty-five miles southeast of Hatteras, and towed into Hatteras Inlet, where she was anchored under a battery. The brig B. F. Martin, with a cargo of machinery, was captured on the 23d of July, 1861, off Hatteras, and the crew taken prisoners by the privateer York, commanded by Capt. Jeffrey. The York was a large pilot-boat built in Baltimore, and armed with one rifled cannon. In running down the coast to get to Hatteras Inlet, the Martin was intercepted by the U. S. ship Savannah, which gave chase. The brig at once sheered into shore and eluded capture in the shallow water. While there, the U. S. steamer Union came along and shelled the Martin, setting her on fire and destroying her cargo, valued at $25,000. The brig Hannah Butty, from Savannah, Ga., to some Northern port, was captured on June 25th, laden with molasses, by the steamer Coffee. She was brought into Hatteras Inlet together with the schooner Gordon, bound for Philadelphia, laden with fruit. At this time the two principal ports of North Carolina, Wilmington and Beaufort, were not under very rigid blockade, and an active trade was carried on from them in naval stores, and the

importation of provisions and military supplies. The trade was with Nassau and other British ports.

The revenue cutter Aiken, which had been seized in Charleston by the authorities of South Carolina before the firing on Fort Sumter, was fitted out as a privateer, and called the Petrel, and placed under the command of Capt. Wm. Perry. On July 27th the privateer schooner sailed out of Charleston, and stood for the U. S. frigate St. Lawrence, which she mistook for a merchantman, as all her ports were closed. When the Petrel got within range she fired three shots without doing any damage. The St. Lawrence returned with shot and shell a terrific fire, one shell exploding in the hull of the Petrel, and sinking her instantly. The boats of the frigate were lowered, and picked up thirty-six out of forty of the privateer's crew, who were taken aboard, and their feet and hands heavily manacled. The remaining four were drowned. The prisoners were afterward removed to the U. S. gunboat Flag, and brought to Philadelphia. They arrived in that city on the 6th of August, and were lodged in Moyamensing prison. On August 9th they were escorted from prison in two omnibuses, handcuffed, and had a preliminary hearing before U. S. Commissioner Hazlett. On the way out to the coaches, a dense mob hooted the prisoners and threatened to hang them. In the Circuit Court of Philadelphia, on November 4th, while the Assistant District Attorney was urging the trial of the crew of the Petrel, Judge Grier said he could not consent to have the regular business of the court interrupted. "It seems like a farce to try them at this time, when the country played civil war. The dictates of humanity would counsel the government to treat captives on the sea the same as those taken on land, and he could not understand the policy of hanging the first and holding the latter as prisoners or releasing them. Let the rebellion be crushed-and God grant that it may be speedily-and these men might be tried for treason or piracy, and he would assist, no matter how much he might be called Jeffreys or Scroggs."

The privateer schooner Beauregard was fitted out by a stock company in Charleston, and, on October 14th, President Davis commissioned her to act as a private armed vessel in the service of the Confederate States on the high seas. She was commanded by Capt. Gilbert Hays; John B. Davis, First Lieutenant; Joseph H. Stuart, Second Lieutenant; Archibald Lilly, Purser, and twenty-three seamen. Several of the officers and men had served on the privateer Jefferson Davis. The Beauregard was 101 tons burden and carried a rifled pivot gun, throwing a twenty-four pound projectile.

The Beauregard sailed from Charleston on the 7th of November, and, when about 100 miles east-northeast of Abaco, she was captured early on the morning of the 12th by the U. S. bark W. G. Anderson. The privateer saw no vessel before her

capture, and did not fire a gun after leaving port. No resistance was made by the Beauregard, the superiority of the armament of the Anderson-six thirty-two-pounders and one rifled-cannon, and a crew of 110 men-being so great that it would have been madness to measure their strength. While the Anderson was approaching the Beauregard, however, her crew were engaged in throwing over shell, shot, muskets, etc., and before the capture most of the ammunition was destroyed, the sails and rigging cut to pieces, and pivot gun spiked. The crew, 27 in number, were at once placed in irons and transferred to the Anderson. A prize-crew was placed in charge of the Beauregard, and she was brought into Key West. After an examination on board, the officers and crew were taken to the shore and placed in the county jail.'

The Convention of Georgia having placed that State outside of the Union, at the same time adopted a resolution calling upon her citizens-officers of the U. S. army and navy-to resign, and give their services to Georgia. In response to this call, Capt. Josiah Tatnall, Commander James D. Bulloch, Lieuts. Julian Myers, Wm. A. Wayne, C. M. Morris, John Kell, A. E. Armstrong, C. J. Graves, Wilburn B. Hall, George A. Borchert, R. F. Armstrong, and many other officers of distinction in the "old navy," resigned their commissions and tendered their services to their State.

Among the first to accept service under Georgia was Lieut. Wilburn B. Hall, who had just arrived in New York in command of a captured slaver, which had been seized off the coast of Africa by the U. S. frigate Constellation, with 700 slaves aboard. Immediately upon his arrival in the United States, Lieut. Hall resigned his commission and reported at Milledgeville for orders. Governor Brown, like his associates of the other sea-coast States, was at that time engaged in establishing a sea-coast police, to guard against attempts of Northern slave-dealers to carry off slaves from the coasts and sell them in Cuba; thus transferring their slave trade from the African coast to that of the Southern States adjacent or near to Cuban waters. To guard against these depredations, a sea-coast police was necessary. Accordingly, upon his arrival at the capital of Georgia, Lieut. Hall had a conference with Adjut. Gen. H. C. Wayne, who directed him, on behalf of the State, to return to New York and purchase a rapid steamer for coast service. The Governor and Adjutant General said they had no apprehension of war, and that the State only wanted a rapid steamer capable of mounting two howitzers to overhaul vessels engaged in illicit trade, and to give protection to the citizens of Georgia residing along the

1 All the privateersmen belonging to the various vessels were exchanged in June, 1862, at City Point, on the James River.

2 It is a fact not generally known that no ves

sel with slaves was ever captured by the United States on the coast of Africa, owned by Southern men-all of them, with but one exception, having been fitted out at the North. The ex ception was the Wanderer

coast. It was their belief, that, though the situation between the two sections looked serious, "the whole matter would be accommodated, and that war ships would not be needed." To accomplish his mission, Lieut. Hall had $15,000 placed to his credit, and started for New York, where he purchased the steamer Huntress. The vessel had run as a mail-boat between Boston and Portland, and was very fast, making, in smooth water, twenty knots with ease. She was about 500 tons, 230 feet in length, very narrow beam, low in the water, immense side-wheels, and painted black. Her engines were very fine, and her accommodations ample, but she was old. For the purpose she was intended, however, the Huntress was a great bargain.

Notwithstanding that Lieut. Hall was dogged day and night by government spies, with the aid of Engineer George W. Tennent, afterwards of the C. S. navy, he equipped his vessel, secured his crew, and about the middle of March got safely to sea in a great storm, at midnight, running between the U. S. steamers Vanderbilt and Harriet Lane, who were guarding the port of New York. Being forced to make some harbor from the equinoctial storm which was raging along the coast, Lieut. Hall sought refuge in Hampton Roads, and anchored close under the guns of Fortress Monroe. Having put himself in communication with friends on shore, Lieut. Hall soon learned that his vessel was suspected, and that her seizure was certain to take place on the following morning. He therefore resumed his voyage in the face of a fierce gale in the night. After being storm-driven for more than eight days and terribly battered, starboard wheel - house knocked to pieces, coal and stores almost entirely consumed, the Huntress arrived in a deplorable condition at Charleston. She entered the harbor flying the Confederate flag, and a flag bearing the coat-of-arms of the State of Georgia-being, it is believed, the first vessel to raise the Southern flag on the high seas. As the Huntress passed in between Fort Moultrie, flying the Confederate flag, and Fort Sumter, flying the U. S. flag, with Anderson in a state of siege, she was saluted by Moultrie. Lieut. Hall supplied his vessel with coal, and sailed for Savannah, where he reported to Capt. Tatnall. Having been accepted, and war having begun, the Huntress was turned over to the C. S. navy, and placed under the command of Lieut. C. M. Morris, Lieut. Hall being ordered to command the C. S. steamer Savannah. The Huntress served on the Georgia coast until the battle of Port Royal, in which she took an active part, when she escaped to Charleston. After the negro pilot Smalls stole the steamer Planter out from Charleston, the Huntress took her place as a dispatch-boat in the harbor. Being very fast, the Confederate government changed her name to the C. S. steamer Tropic, and made her a blockade-runner. After successfully eluding and passing through