little out-work on the river. And at Aughrim above two thousand, who threw down their arms and asked quarter; and several who had quarter given them, were afterwards killed in cold blood ;* in which number were the lord Galway and colonel Charles Moore. The major of colonel Epingham's dragoons owned to major general Dorington, that lord Galway was killed after quarter, and when the battle was over. More vouchers," adds Mr. Lesley, "might be produced if needful."

"In short, many hundreds of the poor Irish prisoners were sent at a time into Lambay, a waste deserted island in the sea near Dublin; where their allowance for four days might, without excess, be eaten at a meal; and being thus out of the reach of their friends, (all persons being prohibited to pass into it with boat, or other vessel, under the penalty of forfeiting the same) they died there miserably, and in heaps.”

Thus publicly were these, and many other facts, attested by Mr. Lesley, in his answer to Dr. King's State of the Protestants of Ireland under king James, in refutation of the numerous falsehoods contained in that book. The truth of which

wretched cabins of the unfortunate peasantry were consumed with fire, and the cattle driven as booty away."-Macpherson's Hist, vol. i. p. 595.

On king William's retreat, after his first attempt upon Limerick, “ the protestants attended him to avoid the resentment of the Irish; but they found enemies in their supposed friends; they were plundered of their effects and cattle; the army ranged at large after booty; they knew no diseipline; they owned no authority. The king either winked at their irregularities, or he yielded to a stream which he could not oppose; his decla ration was infringed; his protections disregarded; his route covered with devastations, and all the other miseries of war. Excesses of a savage barbarity, but upon questionable authority (Lel. vol. iii.)—have been ascribed to the king himself, on his retreat from Limerick. Disappointment might have raised his resentment; the outrages committed by his troops stain the annals of the times.”—Macpherson's Hist. of Gr. Brit. vol. i. p. 596-7.

* In the battle of Aughrim, and in a bloody pursuit of three hours (stopped only by the night's coming on), seven thousand of an Irish army were slain. The unrelenting fury of the victors, appeared in the number of their prisoners, which amounted only to four hundred and fifty.—Lel. Hist. of Irel. vol. iii. p. 606.

66

Gingle gained reputation by the defeat of the Irish at Aughrim; but his army lost every claim to humanity, by giving no quarter.”—Macphers. ib. p. 621.

f For "archbishop Tillotson recommended this book to (king William

answer is still further confirmed, by the doctor's conscious silence under such heavy accusation, for more than thirty years. that he survived the publication of it; being most of that time, in the exalted stations of bishop of Derry, and archbishop of Dublin; to which successive dignities, he was thought to have been raised, chiefly on account of the great merit and service of that performance.

CHAP. XX.

Surrender of Limerick, with the Articles of capitulation.

On the 3d of October, 1691, was surrendered to general Ginckle, and the lords justices of Ireland, upon the articles of capitulation here following, freely and solemnly entered into, the city of Limerick,† together with all the other garrisons then held by the catholics of that kingdom, for king James. These articles were afterwards ratified, and exemplified, by their to justify the revolution), as the most serviceable treatise that could have been published at such a juncture."-Swift's Letter concerning the Sacramental Test.

Though Mr. Lesley, in his answer, fervently prayed, "that God might give Dr. King grace, before he died, to repent sincerely, and confess honestly, all the errors, wilful or malicious représentations in this book of his."-p. 173.

One can't help smiling to find an assertion in Dr. King's life, lately prefixed to Dean Swift's letters to his grace, that, notwithstanding this long silence both of his lordship and friends, "his grace had by him at his death attested vouchers of every particular fact alleged in his State of the Protestants of Ireland, which are now in the hands of his relations." Swift's Works, vol. viii.-If this be not a ridiculous boast of his biographer, as most probably it is, these relations of his grace are now again thus publicly called upon to produce those attested vouchers.

"The particulars of the second siege of Limerick (says Macpherson) are neither important nor distinctly known. Six weeks were spent before the place, without any decisive effect. The garrison was well supplied with provisions. They were provided with all means of defence. The season was now far advanced. The rains had set in. The winter itself was near. Ginckle had received orders to finish the war upon any terms, The English general offered conditions, which the Irish, had they even been victors, could scarce refuse with prudence."-Macphers. Hist. Gr. Brit. vol. i. p. 620.

majesties king William and queen Mary, under the great seal of England; and in the year 1695, confirmed by an act of the Irish parliament. By the first of these articles, it was stipulated and agreed, "that the Roman catholics of Ireland shall enjoy such privileges, in the exercise of their religion, as they did enjoy in the reign of king Charles the Second. And that their majesties, as soon as their affairs will permit them to summon a parliament in Ireland, will endeavour to procure the said Roman catholics such further security in that particular, as may preserve them from any further disturbance on account of their religion."

This surrender of Limerick, and the other garrisons, happened at a most favourable conjuncture for king William,* who was then engaged in a war with France; and while his forces were thus divided, by the Irish war, could not proceed in that, which he was carrying on abroad, with the desired success. On the other hand, what indeed shewed a real and laudable intention in the Irish to put an end to the troubles of that kingdom, by this capitulation, was, that previous to the signing of the articles, an' assurance had been sent them of a supply of twenty ships of war, speedily to arrive from France, under the command of Monsieur Chateau Renault, "which supply" did actually arrive in Dingle-bay a day or two after the articles were signed, consisting," as appears from the minutes of a letter from the lords justices to the king, of eighteen ships of war, six fire-ships, and twenty great ships of burthen, and brought on board eight or ten thousand arms, two hundred officers, and three thousand men."

King William was so sensible of the necessity of collecting and uniting his whole force against the formidable power of France, that in order to put a speedy period to the Irish war,

1 Lel. Hist. of Irel. vol. iii. p. 610. 2 Harris's Life of K. William, f. 353.

"The opponents of William give him no credit, either for his justice or humanity, upon the present occasion. They ascribe his eagerness to finish the troubles of Ireland to his earnest desire of prosecuting with vigor the war on the continent. They allege, that had not an English parliament deprived his creatures of the hopes of Irish forfeitures, he would have been less liberal in the concessions which he made."--Macphers, Hist. Gr. Brit. vol. i. p. 623.

" he had sent instructions to the lords justices,3 to issué a proclamation, assuring the Irish of much more favorable conditions, than they afterwards obtained by the articles of Limerick. The justices formed these instructions into a procla mation, afterwards stiled the secret proclamation, * because though printed, it was never published; for their lordships finding Limerick reduced to the condition of capitulating, sinothered the proclamation, and hastened to the camp, that they might hold the Irish to as hard terms as the king's affairs would permit; this they effected. And although, adds my author, they deserved the thankful acknowledgments of every protestant in the kingdom; yet a party soon sprung up, that inveighed loudly against the articles. The designing men of this party quarrelled with them, only because their expectations were disappointed of raising large fortunes out of the forfeitures; but they easily drew a majority of the protestants

3 Id. ib. f. 372.

"We are told that they (lords justices) had already prepared a proclamation, offering terms still more advantageous to the Irish than those granted by the general; but on the first intelligence of a treaty they sup pressed it. Hence it was called the Secret Proclamation, because, though printed, it was never published."-See Harris. Writers of Ireland, in the article Cor. Lel. Hist. vol. iii. p. 618.

+“ Though the terms granted at the capitulation of Limerick were, perhaps, necessary in themselves, and highly suitable to humanity, they were soon after, equally disliked by both parties. The English protestant's looked with unbounded resentment upon articles, which rendered, in some measures independent a people, whom, on account of ancient prejudices and recent injuries, they abhorred. The Irish having obtained with so much facility such good terms, imbibed an opinion, that they might have extorted conditions still more favourable from an exhausted enemy. The arrival of the French fleet, two days after the capitulation, with armis, stores, provisions, and ammunition, confirmed them in their sentiments on this subject. But that circumstance, in conjunction with many other obvious reasons, justified William for putting an end to the war upon moderate terms. Many millions had already been expended in the reduction of Ireland. Near one thousand men had been lost by sickness and the sword. The army, though victorious in the field, were exhausted with fatigue. Winter was approaching, the siege of Limerick must in all probability have been raised, a second disappointment before that place would have been equal to a defeat. The spirits of the Irish would rise, the French encouraged by their success, would aid their allies with more effect."Macphers. Hist. Gr. Brit. vol. i. p. 622.

to their side. They thought the Irish entitled to no articles, but what would expose them to the severest events of war. They censured the lords justices and the general, as if the kingdom were betrayed, insisting that the articles ought not to be observed."

+ "This party-war was soon declared from the pulpit. Dr. Dopping, bishop of Meath, preaching before the justices in Christ Church, Dublin, the Sunday after they had returned from the camp, argued, that the peace ought not to be observed with a people so perfidious. This ill opinion of the Irish catholics was probably taken up from the many scandalous libels then industriously propagated, and still occasionally revived by their enemies, on the principles and actions of such of them as had been concerned in any of the different insurrections, anterior to, or coincident with this revolution. sides that it has been often incontestibly proved, that these libels contain little else but gross and barefaced misrepresentations of facts, the experience of the time past should have now evinced the integrity of the conduct and principles of these peo、 ple, beyond all reasonable doubt or suspicion.

But be

"But in order to obviate this (indeed) perfidious doctrine, thus solemnly delivered from the pulpit by the bishop of Meath, doctor Moreton,s bishop of Kildare, the following Sunday, shewed the obligation of keeping the public faith. This matter became so much the subject of discourse, that it was necessary to settle people's opinions on the controverted points; and to that end, Dean Synge preached in the same church, on these words, "keep peace with all men if it be possible ;" and moderated so judiciously, that no more was heard of the dispute from the pulpit; but in parliament, and council, the difference subsisted, until the English act of resumption quieted the dis putants, who then saw they lost nothing by the articles."

A Harrison's Life of K. William, f. 353.

5 Id. ib.