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bourers may not trefpafs from an uncertainty of the boundaries.-The refpective commiflaries fhall fix upon convenient places, in the territory above marked out, in order that his Britannic Majefty's fubjects, employed in the felling of logwood, may, without interruption, build therein houfes and magazines neceffary for themfelves, their families, and their effects; and his Catholic Majefty affures to them the enjoyment of all that is expreffed in the prefent article; provided that thefe ftipulations fhall not be confidered as derogating in any wife from his rights of fovereignty. Therefore all the English, who may be difperfed in any other parts, whether on the Spanish continent, or in any of the illands whatsoever, dependent on the aforefaid Spanish continent, and for whatever reafon it might be, without exception, fhall retire within the diftrict which has been above described, in the space of eighteen months, to be computed from the exchange of the ratifications; and for this purpofe orders fhall be iffued on the part of his Britannic Majesty, and on that of his Catholic Majefty, his governors fhall be ordered to grant to the English difperfed, every convenience poffible for their removing to the fettlement agreed upon by the prefent article, or for their retiring wherever they fhall think proper. It is likewife ftipulated, that if any fortifications fhould actually have been heretofore erected within the limits marked out, his Britannic Majefty fhall cause them all to be demolished; and he will order his fubjects not to build any new ones. The English inhabitants, who fhall fettle there for the cutting of logwood, fhall be permitted to enjoy a free fifhery for their fubfiftence, on the coafts of the diftrict above agreed on, or of the iflands fituated oppofite thereto, without being in any wife difturbed on that account; provided they do not eftablith themselves, in any manner, on the faid

iflands.

VII. His Catholic Majefty fhall reftore to Great Britain the islands of Providence, and the Bahamas, without exception, in the fame condition they were in when they were conquered by the arms of the King of Spain. The fame ftipulations inferted in the fifth article of this treaty, fhall take place in favour of the Spanish fubjects, with regard to the Iflands mentioned in the prefent article. VIII. All the countries and territories which may have been, or which may be

conquered in any part of the world what foever, by the arms of his Britannic Majefty, as well as by thofe of his Catholic Majefty, which are not included in the prefent treaty, neither under the head of ceffions nor under the had of reftitutions, fhall be reftored without difficulty, and without requiring auy compenfation.

IX. Immediately after the excchange of the ratifications, the two high contracting parties fhall name commiffaries to treat concerning new arrangements of commerce between the two nations, on the bafis of recipriocity and mutual convenience; which arrangements fhall be fettled and concluded within the space of two years to be computed from the first of January, 1784.

X. As it is necessary to appoint a certain period for the reftitutions and eva cuations to be made by each of the high contracting parties, it is agreed, that the King of Great Britain fhall caufe Eaft Florida to be evacuated three months after the ratification of the present treaty, or fooner, if it can be done. The King of Great Britain fhall in like manner enter again into poffeffion of the illands of Providence, and the Bahamas, without exception, in the space of three months after the ratification of the prefent treaty, or fooner, if it can be done. In confequence whereof, the neceffary or ders fhall be fent by each of the high contracting parties, with reciprocal passports for the thips which fhall carry them, immediately after the ratification of the prefent treaty.

XI. Their Britannic and Catholic Majefties promile to obferve fincerely, and bona fide, all the articles contained and eftablished in the prefent treaty; and they will not fuffer the fame to be infringed, directly or indirectly, by their respective subjects: and the faid high contracting parties guaranty to each other, generally and reciprocally, all the ftipulations of the prefent treaty.

XII. The folemn ratifications of the prefent treaty, prepared in good and due form, hall be exchanged in this city of Verfailles, between the high contracting parties, in the space of one month, or fooner, if poffible, to be computed from the day of the fignature of the prefent treaty." In witneffes whereof, we the underwritten Ambaffadors Extraordinary, and Minifters Plenipotentiary, have figned with our hands, in their names, and by virtue of our refpective full

powers,

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The new state in which commerce may perhaps be found, in all parts of the world, will demand revifions and explanations of the fubfifting treaties; bat an entire abrogation of thofe treaties, in whatever period it might be, would throw commerce into fuch confu fion as would be of infinite prejudice to it.

In fome of the treaties of this fort there are not only articles which relate merely to commerce, but many others which enfure reciprocally, to the respective subjects, privileges, facilities for conducting their affairs, perfonal protection, and other advantages, which are not, and which ought not to be of a changeable nature, fuch as the regulations relating merely to the value of goods and merchandize, variable from circumstances of every kind.

When therefore the fate of the trade between the two nations shall be treated upon, it is requiGte to be understood, that the alte rations which may be made in the fubfifting treaties are to extend only to arrangements merely commercial; and that the privileges and advantages, mutual and particular, be not only preferved on each fide, but even aug mented, if it can be done.

In this view, his Majefty has confented to the appointment of commiffaries, on each fide, who shall treat fo'ely upon this object. Done at Versailles, the third of September, one thousand feven hundred and eighty

three.

(L. S.)

MANCHESTER.

COUNTER DECLARATION. The Catholic King, in propofing new arrangements of commerce, has had no other defiga than to remedy, by the rules of reciprocity and mutual convenience, whatever may be defective in preceding treaties of commerce. The King of Great Britain may judge from thence, that the intention of his Catholic Majefty is not in any manner to cancel all the ipulations contained in the above-mentioned treaties; he declares, on the contrary, from henceforth, that he is difposed to maintain all the privileges, facilities and advantages expreffed in the old treaties, as far as they thall be reciprocal, or compenfated by equivalent advantages. It is to atfarm this end, defired on each fide, that commifaries are to be named to treat upon the flate of trade between the two nations, and that a confiderable space of time is to be allowed for compleating their work. His Catholic Majefty hopes that this object will VOL. V. Oct. 1783.

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Annexed to the definitive treaty with Spain, are the fame flate papers, as thofe annexed to the definitive treaty with France, vix: the two separate articles relating to TITLES and the FRENCH LANGUAGE; the attestations of the ambaladors of the mediatorial powers; and the full powers of their Britannic and Catholic Majefties, and of the Emperor of Germany and Emprefs of Ruffia. Thefe bave already been inferted at the end of the French treaty, except bis Catbolick Majefty's full power, which is as follows.

His Catbolick Majefty's full Power.

DON CARLOS, by the Grace of God, King of Caftile, Leon, Arragon, the Two Sicilies, Jerufalem, Navarre, Granada, Toledo, Valencia, Gallicia, Majorca, Seville, Sardinia, Cordova, Corfica, Murcia, Jaen, the Algarves, Algeziras, Gibraltar, the Canary Inlands, the Eat and Weft Indies, Llands and Terra Firma of the Ocean; Archduke of Auftria, Duke of Burgundy, Brabant, and Milan; Count of Aptburg; Flanders, Tirol, and Barcelona; Lord of Bifcay and Molina, &c. Whereas Preliminary Articles of Peace having been happily agreed upon between my kingdom of Spain, and that of England, as well as between the other powers, there will foon be occafion to affemble a general Congrefs wherever it may be thought moft proper and best adapted to the common interefis, in order to fettle and determine definitively all matters in controverfy between those powers and fates, who have taken part in the war now drawing to a conclufion; and confidering it very probable, that the French Court will be preferred, on account of its convenient fituatiou, and the attendance there of thofe Plenipotentiaries who have interpofed in forming the faid Preliminary Articles, I have thou ht it neceffary and proper to again authorife a perfon in my higheft efteem and confidence, endowed with knowledge and experience, to the end rhat, in my name, he may alift at all conferences, treat, fettle, and determine whatever may concern my interefts in the intended Definitive Treaty: Therefore, all these requifites and qualifications concentering in you, Don Pedro Pablo Abarca de Bol a Ximenes d'Urrea, &c. Count of Aranda and Caftel-Florido, Marquis of Torres, Vi'lanan, and Rupit, Vifcount of Rueda and Yoch, B ron of the Baronies of Gavin, Sietano, Cli Kk

Tejour

mofa, and others; Lord of the Tenencia and Honor of Alcalaten, &c. Rico-Hombre in Aragon by Defcent, Grandee of Spain of the Fart Clifs, Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece, and of that of the Holy Ghoft, Gentleman of my Bedchamber in Employ ment, Captain General of my Forces, and my Ambaffador Extraordinary to his Mott Chrif tian Majefty, I have refolved to authorife you, as by these prefents I do authorife and name you, and grant to you my full power, in the most ample and extenfive form, in order that, with the other Minifters duly empowered by the respective Sovereigns, or States, whom they reprefent, you may treat, gettle, conclude, and fign all fuch points as

TH

relate to the establishment of the General Peace, by means of the Definive Treaty which is now in agitation; promifing, on the faith and word of a King, to approve, ratify, fulfil, and caufe to be ftrictly fulfilled, whatever articles, conditions, or agreements you may conclude and fign. In Witness whereof, I have ordered thefe prefents to be difpatched, figned by my hand, fealed with my privy feal, and counter-figned by my underwritten Counsellor, and First Secretary of State and of the Difpatches. Pardo, the Eighth of February, One Thousand Seven Hundred and Eighty Three. (L. S.)

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I THE KING. JOSEPH MONINO.

View of CONSTANTINOPLE,
The Capital of the Turkish Empire.

HIS celebrated city is feated on a small neck of land which projects towards Natolia in Afia; the channel is only a mile in breadth. As the ground rifes gradually, there is a view of the whole city from the fea. It has 3770 ftreets great and small. The palaces, mofques, bagnios, and caravanfaries for the reception of strangers, are many

of them very magnificent. It has the finest harbour in the world, capable of containing 1200 thips. The city and fuburbs are 24 miles in circumference. It is 700 miles fouth east of Vienna; 750 east of Rome; 1500 fouth east of London; 1250 eafi of Madrid; 1250 fouth east of Paris; and 1100 S. S. E. of Stockholm.

Genuine Copies of Letters from Lord Hervey, Captain of the Raifonable,

66

to the Right Honourable Published, Tuesday, October 7th, 1783-] Raifonable, St. Lucia, 10th April 1783. "My Lord,

[OTWITHSTANDING the little inclination I feel to renew a correfpondence with your Lordship, which I fi nithed fome months ago fo very abruptly, fo little to my fatisfaction, or what I have a right to expel; yet as I think it my duty, I will not delay a moment acknowledging the receipt of your Lordthip's letter of the ift of March, conveying the thanks of the Houfe of Lords, to the officers and men belonging to the Raifonable, who ferved in her during the time I was under your Lordship's command, as alfo your Lordthip's thanks and approbation of their conduct.

1 have communicated the fame to the officers and men. However flattering the thanks of the most noble and first affembly in the univerfe must be to us, yet we moft heartily lament that the fervices preformed by us, during the period of your Lordship's command, were much too infignificant to claim fo diftinguished a mark of approbation.

Had the real ardour and talents of the officers, and the fpirit and bravery of the men, been made that ufe of we wifhed and expected, the most effential and important fervices would have been rendered our country, and his Majesty's arms would have acquired eternal glory.

No pompous narrative, no florid colouring, no deviation from that facred virtue, truth, would have been netffary, parliament would not have profituted their favours by voting

Lord Viscount Howe.

thanks for ideal fervices, and we should have been fpared the humiliating fenfations of receiving them undefervedly. I cannot conclude without obferving, that had we been led with half the zeal and courage with: which we fhould have followed, our fervices i might have claimed all that a generous natien could bellow. I am, &c. HERVEY. After Lord Hervey's arrival in England, he, by fome means or other, fo far altered his fentiments as to write the following letter to Lord Howe.

(COPY)

My Lord, London, August 318, 1783. 1 Defire to ask your Lordthip's pardon for inferting the very improper reflections on your Lordship's courage and veracity, contained in the letter I feat you from St. Lucia, dated the roth of laft April, now willingly difavowing to caft fuch ungenerous imouations on your character. HERVEY. The Viscount HOWE.

The conceffion given in prefence of Captain Stephenfon of the Marines, on the part of Lord Hervey, and Captain Levefon Gower on the part of Lord Howe.

[On Saturday October 11th, the following Le ter written by Lord Hervey was published.]

SIR, London, 9th October, 1783. "Having jutt teen, in your paper of the th inftant, two letters wrote by me to Lord Howe, with a malicious infinuation, of a fudden change in my fentiments, on my ar rival in England, added to it, I think myfelf

doubly

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