ARTICLE X.

When troops are raised in any of the colonies for the common defence, the commission officers proper for the troops raised in each colony, except the general officers, shall be appointed by the legislature of each colony respectively, or in such manner as shall by them be directed.

ARTICLE XI.

All charges of wars, and all other expenses that shall be incurred for the common defence, or general welfare, and allowed.by the United States assembled, shall be defrayed out of a common treasury, which shall be supplied by the several colonies in proportion to the number of inhabitants of every age, sex, and quality, except Indians not paying taxes, in each colony, a true account of which, distinguishing the white inhabitants, shall be triennially taken and transmitted to the assembly of the United States. Taxes for paying that proportion shall be laid and levied by the authority and direction of the legislature of the several colonies within the time agreed upon by the United States assembled,

ARTICLE XII.

Every colony shall abide by the determinations of the United States assembled, concerning the services performed and losses or expenses incurred by every

colony for the common defence, or general welfare; and no colony or colonies shall, in any case whatever, endeavour by force to procure redress of any injury or injustice supposed to be done by the United States to such colony or colonies, in not granting such satisfactions, indemnifications, compensations, retributions, exemptions, or benefits, of any kind, as such colony or colonies may think just or reasonable.

ARTICLE XIII.

No colony or colonies shall engage in any war, without the previous consent of the United States assembled, unless such colony or colonies be actually invaded by enemies, or shall have received certain advice of a resolution being formed by some nations of Indians to invade such colony or colonies, and the danger is so imminent as not to admit of a delay till the other colonies can be consulted. Nor shall any colony or colonies grant commissions to any ships or vessels of war, nor letters of marque or reprisal, except it be after a declaration of war by the United States assembled, and then only against the kingdom or state, and the subjects thereof, against which war has been so declared; and under such regulations as shall be established by the United States assembled.

ARTICLE XIV.

No purchases of lands, hereafter to be made of the Indians, by colonies or private persons, before the limits of the colonies are ascertained, to be valid.

All purchases of lands not included within those limits, where ascertained, to be made by contracts between the United States assembled, or by persons for that purpose authorized by them and the great councils of the Indians, for the general benefit of all the United Colonies.

ARTICLE XV.

When the boundaries of any colony shall be ascertained by agreement, or in the manner hereinafter directed, all the other colonies shall guaranty to such colony the full and peaceable possession of, and the free and entire jurisdiction in, and over the territory included within such boundaries.

ARTICLE XVI.

For the more convenient management of the general interests of the United States, delegates should be annually appointed in such mannner as the legislature of each colony shall direct, to meet at the city of Philadelphia, in the colony of Pennsylvania, until otherwise ordered by the United States assembled; which meeting shall be on the first Monday of November in every year, with a power reserved to those who appointed the said delegates, respectively, to recall them or any of them at any time within the year, and to send new delegates in their stead for the remainder of the year. Each colony shall support its own delegates in a meeting of the states, and while they act as members of the council of state, hereinafter mentioned.

ARTICLE XVII.

In determining questions, each colony shall have

one vote.

ARTICLE XVIII.

The United States assembled shall have the sole and exclusive right and power-of determining on peace and war, except in the cases mentioned in the thirteenth article: Of establishing rules for deciding in all cases what captures on land or water shall be legal: In what manner prizes taken by land or naval forces in the service of the United States shall be divided or appropriated: Granting letters of marque and reprisal in times of peace: Appointing courts for the trial of all crimes, frauds and piracies committed on the high seas, or on any navigable river not within the body of a county or parish: Establishing the courts for receiving and determining finally appeals in all cases of captures: Sending and receiving ambassadors under any character: Entering into treaties and alliances: Settling all disputes and differences now subsisting, or that hereafter may arise, between two or more colonies concerning boundaries, jurisdictions, or any other cause whatever: Coining money, and regulating the value thereof: Regulating the trade, and managing all affairs with the Indians: Limiting the bounds of those colonies which, by charter or proclamation, or under any pretence, are said to extend to the south sea; and ascertaining those bounds of any

other colony that appear to be indeterminate: Assigning territories for new colonies, either in lands to be thus separated from colonies and heretofore purchased, or obtained by the crown of Great Britain from the Indians, or hereafter to be purchased or obtained from them :) Disposing of all such lands for the general benefit of all the United Colonies Ascertaining boundaries to such new colonies within which forms of government are to be established on the principles of liberty Establishing and regulating postoffices throughout all the United Colonies, on the lines of communication from one colony to another: Appointing general officers of the land forces in the service of the United States: Commissioning such other officers of the said forces as shall be appointed by virtue of the tenth article: Appointing all the officers of the naval forces in the service of the United States: Making rules for the government and regulation of the said land and naval forces: Appointing a council of state, and such committees and civil officers as may be necessary for managing the general affairs of the United States under their direction, while assembled, and in their recess of the council of state: Appointing one of their number to preside, and a suitable person for secretary: And adjourning to any time within the year.

The United States assembled shall have authority, for the defence and welfare of the United Colonies and every of them, to agree upon and fix the necessary sums and expenses; to emit bills, or to borrow money, on the credit of the United Colonies; to raise naval forces; to agree upon the number of land forces to be