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THESE studies in secret history follow no chronological order. The affair of James de la Cloche only attracted the author's attention after most of the volume was in print. But any reader curious in the veiled intrigues of the Restoration will probably find it convenient to peruse The Mystery of James de la Cloche' after the essay on The Valet's Master,' as the puzzling adventures of de la Cloche occurred in the years (1668-1669), when the Valet was consigned to life-long captivity, and the Master was broken on the wheel. What would have been done to Giacopo Stuardo' had he been a subject of Louis XIV., 'tis better only guessing.' But his fate, whoever he may have been, lay in the hands of Lord Ailesbury's 'good King,' Charles II., and so he had a good deliverance.

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The author is well aware that whosoever discusses historical mysteries pleases the public best by being quite sure, and offering a definite and certain solution. Unluckily Science forbids, and conscience is on the same side. We verily do not know how the

false Pucelle arrived at her success with the family of the true Maid; we do not know, or pretend to know, who killed Sir Edmund Berry Godfrey; or how Amy Robsart came by her death; or why the Valet was so important a prisoner. It is only possible to restate the cases, and remove, if we may, the errors and confusions which beset the problems. Such a tiny point as the year of Amy Robsart's marriage is stated variously by our historians. To ascertain the truth gave the author half a day's work, and, at last, he would have voted for the wrong year, had he not been aided by the superior acuteness of his friend, Mr. Hay Fleming. He feels morally certain that, in trying to set historians right about Amy Robsart, he must have committed some conspicuous blunders; these always attend such enterprises of rectification.

With regard to Sir Edmund Berry Godfrey, Mr. A. W. Crawley-Boevey points out to me that in an unpublished letter of Mr. Alexander Herbert Phaire in 1743-44 (Addit. MSS. British Museum 4291, fol. 150) Godfrey is spoken of in connection with his friend Valentine Greatrakes, the 'miraculous Conformist,' or Irish Stroker,' of the Restoration. 'It is a pity,' Mr. Phaire remarks, 'that Sir Edmund's letters, to the number of 104, are not in somebody's hands that would oblige the world by publishing them. They contain many remarkable things, and the best and truest secret

history in King Charles II.'s reign.' Where are these letters now? Mr. Phaire does not say to whom they were addressed, perhaps to Greatrakes, who named his second son after Sir Edmund, or to Colonel Phaire, the Regicide. This Mr. Phaire of 1744 was of Colonel Phaire's family. It does not seem quite certain whether Le Fevre, or Lee Phaire, was the real name of the so-called Jesuit whom Bedloe accused of the murder of Sir Edmund. (See pp. 101-103 infra.)

Of the studies here presented, The Valet's Master,' The Mystery of Sir Edmund Berry Godfrey,' 'The False Jeanne d'Arc,' 'The Mystery of Amy Robsart,' and The Mystery of James de la Cloche,' are now published for the first time. Part of The Voices of Jeanne d'Arc' is from a paper by the author in 'The Proceedings of the Society for Psychical Research.' "The Valet's Tragedy' is mainly from an article in "The Monthly Review,' 'revised, corrected, and augmented.' "The Queen's Marie' is a recast of a paper in Blackwood's Magazine'; The Truth about "Fisher's Ghost," and Junius and Lord Lyttelton's Ghost' are reprinted, with little change, from the same periodical. The Mystery of Lord Bateman' is a recast of an article in The Cornhill Magazine.' The earlier part of the essay on Shakespeare and Bacon appeared in The Quarterly Review.' The author is obliged to the courtesy of the proprietors and editors of these

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serials for permission to use his essays again, with revision and additions.1

The author is deeply indebted to the generous assistance of Father Gerard and Father Pollen, S.J.; and, for making transcripts of unpublished documents, to Miss E. M. Thompson and Miss Violet Simpson.

The portrait of Sir Edmund Berry Godfrey is from that in the National Portrait Gallery. It represents a manlier type than the attenuated and rather weak and visionary face of the magistrate in the Vestry Hall of St. Martin's in the Fields.

Since passing the volume for the press the author has received from Mr. Austin West, at Rome, a summary of Armanni's letter about Giacopo Stuardo. He is led thereby to the conclusion that Giacopo was identical with the eldest son of Charles II.-James de la Cloche but conceives that, at the end of his life, James was insane, or at least was a 'megalomaniac,' or was not author of his own Will.

1 Essays by the author on 'The False Pucelle' and on 'Sir Edmund Berry Godfrey' have appeared in The Nineteenth Century (1895) and in The Cornhill Magazine, but these are not the papers here presented.