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conditions, whether printed or written, contained in this bill of lading, including the condition that no carrier or party shall be liable for any loss or damage resulting from the perils of the lakes, sea, or other waters; or from explosion, bursting of boilers, breakage of shafts, or any latent defect in hull, machinery, or appurtenances; or from collision, stranding, or other accidents of navigation; or from the prolongation of the voyage. And any vessel carrying any or all of the property herein described shall have liberty to call at intermediate ports; to tow and be towed, and to assist vessels in distress, and to deviate for the purpose of saving life or property. And any carrier by water liable on account of loss of or damage to any of said property shall have the full benefit of any insurance that may have been effected upon or on account of said property.

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Upon all the conditions, whether printed or written, herein contained, it is mutually agreed that the rate of freight from is to be, in cents per 100 pounds.

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[NOTE.-When the subrogation clause is used it should be inserted at the end of Condition 3, as marked in the Bill of Lading printed above, in the following words: Any carrier or party liable on account of loss of or damage to any of said property shall have the full benefit of any insurance that may have been effected upon or on account of said property.]

APPENDIX F.

CONVENTION OF RAILROAD COMMISSIONERS.

S. Mis. 31-21

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CONVENTION OF RAILROAD COMMISSIONERS.

On the 3d and 4th of March, 1891, the regular annual convention of State commissioners of railroads was held at the rooms of the Interstate Commerce Commission. Commissioners and accredited representatives were present from the following States: Connecticut, Florida, Illinois, Iowa, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Nebraska, New York, North Dakota, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Vermont, Virginia, and Wisconsin. Several gentlemen representing the executive committee of the Association of American Railway Accounting Officers were also present.

The Hon. Thomas M. Cooley was chosen chairman of the convention, Mr. George G. Crocker, of Massachusetts, vice-chairman, and Messrs. Edward A. Moseley and Martin S. Decker, secretary and assistant secretary, respectively.

On taking the chair, Judge Cooley made the following address:

"Gentlemen of the convention: Our purpose in coming together on this occasion is for consultation upon subjects of mutual interest, and for the discussion of questions which either pertain directly to the official duties we have severally taken upon ourselves, or which at least have some bearing upon the proper performance of those duties. We are not all clothed with the same powers; there has not been prescribed for all of us the like obligations; but in our official action we all have the same general purpose in contemplation, and it may justly be assumed that the views we may severally hold will be of common interest, and that in so far as there has been experience in dealing with practical questions, this experience will be not interesting merely, but of high value.

"It has been assumed by the people in creating the offices which are represented in this meeting that there are mischiefs of some considerable magnitude in the railroad service of the country; and the existence of these mischiefs is the justification for creating such offices. No class of persons in the country will admit more freely the existence of serious evils than those who are managers of the railroads or who are interested as stockholders or bondholders in the results of the management; but as this class look upon the existing evils from the standpoint of corporate interest, they are likely to see them as they exist mostly in the relations between the roads themselves, while the public, regarding them from a different standpoint, naturally see most distinctly the mischiefs which spring from the relations of the railroads to their customers or which affect the political society.

"When the legislation which was intended to bring the transportation business of the country under public control was first entered upon, there were persons interested as managers or otherwise in railroad property, and possibly some others, who denied that any such legislation was fairly warranted by just principles of constitutional law. This denial is not often heard now, but it is very generally conceded that, inasmuch as the railway is a public agency, its management is a public trust; and that as such it is as legitimately to be regulated by law as

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