1919.] Opinion, per CUDDEBACK, J. [225 N. Y.] Rossiter, 4 Cow. 143; People v. Herkimer, 4 Cow. 345; Matter of Columbian Institute Co., 3 Abb. Ct. App. Dec. 239; Matter of Utica, 73 Hun, 256; Denton v. State, 72 App. Div. 248; People v. Gilbert, 18 Johns. 227.) If section 16 of the Lien Law be held to apply to improvements on state property, then the assignment to the bank was properly filed in the offices of the comptroller and of the trustees of public buildings. (Armstrong v. State Bank, 177 App. Div. 265; Riverside Const. Co. v. State, 218 N. Y. 597.) If the head of the department having charge of the construction of the public improvement in this instance is to be considered the state architect, then the assignment of contract was sufficiently filed in his office. (American Radiator Co. v. City of N. Y., 223 N. Y. 193; Hawkins v. Mapes-Reeve Const. Co., 178 N. Y. 236; Smith v. City of New York, 32 Misc. Rep. 380; Manton v. Brooklyn, etc., Co., 217 N. Y. 284; N. Y. C. Nat. Bank v. Wood, 169 App. Div. 817.) Frederick Hulse for respondent. The assignment to the bank is invalid as against mechanics' lienors. (Cons. Laws, ch. 33, § 16; Bates v. S. S. Nat. Bank, 157 N. Y. 322; Kane Co. v. Kinney, 174 N. Y. 69; Brace v. City of Gloversville, 167 N. Y. 452; Hill v. American Surety Co., 200 U. S. 197.) The defendant bank cannot attack the validity of the plaintiff's lien. (Kelsey v. Western, 2 N. Y. 500; Robertson v. Bullions, 11 N. Y. 242; Matter of Davis, 149 N. Y. 539; Wilson v. Mechanical Orguinette Co., 170 N. Y. 542; Levy v. Schreyer, 177 N. Y. 293.) CUDDEBACK, J. The defendant, New York State National Bank, contends that section 16 of the Lien Law (Cons. Laws, ch. 33), has no application to public improvements upon state property, but concerns only municipal property and municipal corporate money. [225 N. Y.] Opinion, per CUDDEBACK, J. Section 16 of the Lien Law reads as follows: [Jan., "§ 16. No assignment of a contract for the performance of labor or the furnishing of materials for a public improvement, or of the money, or any part thereof, due, or to become due, therefor, nor an order drawn by the contractor or sub-contractor upon the municipal corporation, or the head of the department or bureau having charge of the construction of such public improvement, or the financial officer of the municipal corporation, or other officer or person charged with the custody and disbursement of the corporate funds applicable to the contract for such public improvement, shall be valid until such assignment or order, or a copy thereof, be filed within ten days after the date of such assignment of contract, or such assignment of money, or such order, with the head of the department or bureau having charge of such construction, and with the financial officer of the municipal corporation, or other officer or person charged with the custody and disbursement of the corporate funds applicable to the contract for such public improvement, and such assignment or order shall have effect and be enforceable from the time of such filing, and no such assignment or order shall have any validity until the same shall have been so filed. The financial officer of the municipal corporation, or other officer or person with whom the assignment, order, or copy thereof, is filed, shall enter the facts relating to the same in the lien book or other book provided for such purpose.' It will be observed that this section makes special mention of a contract with a "municipal corporation and designates the money to which the assignment relates as corporate funds." The Appellate Division of the fourth department, upon the strength of these words in the statute, has held that the section has no application to a contract with the state but is limited to contracts with a municipal corporation. (Armstrong v. State 1919.] Opinion, per CUDDEBACK, J. [225 N. Y.] Bank of Mayville, 177 App. Div. 265.) The counsel for the bank relies upon this decision to support his argument. I think the interpretation of section 16 of the Lien Law made by the Appellate Division in the case cited is too narrow and unduly restricts its application. The words "municipal corporation" and "financial officer of the municipal corporation " in the section are always followed by the words "or head of the department or bureau having charge of such public improvement or other officer or person charged with the custody and disbursement of the corporate funds applicable to the contract or words of similar import. If it was intended that the section should apply only to municipal corporations, the use of these alternative expressions would be entirely inexplicable. The term "municipal corporation" includes a county, town, school district, village and city or any territorial division of the state established by law, with powers of local government. (Gen. Corp. Law [Cons. Laws, ch. 23], § 3.) If the alternative provisions in section 16 do not apply to the state, it is difficult to see how they have any force at all. The opening words of section 16 are general and have reference to the assignment of all contracts for public improvements or the money due thereon, and section 2 of the Lien Law defines the term "public improvement to mean an improvement on any real estate belonging to the state or a municipal corporation. The language of section 16 is, therefore, easy of interpretation, and taken in its ordinary sense and meaning, includes an improvement on the real property of the state. The word " corporate used to define the money assigned, as mentioned in section 16, to which the defendant attaches some importance, is certainly not an apt [225 N. Y.] Opinion, per CUDDEBACK, J. [Jan., Still it is not entirely certainly not individual word to define state funds. inaccurate. State money is money, and in a broad sense is correctly spoken of as corporate funds. But if it were otherwise, a misuse of the word "corporate" should not defeat the plain purpose of the section as we find it to be. Section 16 of the Lien Law has long been regarded as regulating assignments of money due from the state for a public improvement, and if we now hold that it does not apply, it will be to overturn a well-settled practical construction of the law, and that conclusion we should avoid if another end is just as apparent. The defendant bank also contends that the office of the trustees of public buildings was the proper place in which to file the assignment under section 16 of the Lien Law, and that the department of the state architect was not the proper place of filing. Section 16 says the assignment shall " be filed with the head of the department or bureau having charge of such construction." Under the Public Buildings Law (Cons. Laws. ch. 44), as amended by chapter 111 of the Laws of 1914, the state architect is made the head of the department of architecture. The statute then further provides that the state architect shall prepare the drawings and specifications for and shall supervise the construction of all new buildings erected at the expense of the state, except as otherwise provided, and shall also prepare drawings and specifications for the alteration and improvement of existing buildings, and shall see that the materials furnished and the work performed in constructing, altering or improving any such buildings are in accordance with the drawings and specifications, and that the interests of the state are fully protected. This statute does not leave much room for dispute that the state architect is the head of the department having charge of the construction to which the assignment of the defend 1919.] Opinion, per CUDDEBACK, J. [225 N. Y.] ant bank relates and consequently the state architect is the officer with whom the assignment should have been filed under section 16 of the Lien Law. Counsel for the appellant, the bank, refers to section 19-d of the Public Buildings Law which provides that the article which contains the foregoing provision relating to the state architect shall not apply to contracts for plans, drawings, specifications and superintendence for the construction, erection, alteration or improvement of state buildings in Albany under the jurisdiction of the trustees of public buildings. Counsel argues therefrom that the article does not apply to the improvement here under consideration. But the article of the Public Buildings Law which contains section 19-d provides for obtaining the services of architects to prepare plans and specifications for public buildings and to superintend the construction thereof in competition, and section 19-d merely provides that contracts for architectural services so obtained shall not apply to the state buildings in Albany. We are not dealing here with any contract for plans and specifications or for superintendence. Section 19-d, therefore, has no application in this case. The trustees of public buildings with whom the defendant bank says the assignment should have been filed, are the governor, president of the senate and speaker of the assembly (Public Bldgs. Law, § 2), and the finding of the court is that the trustees of public buildings keep no files or dockets for liens and have no office of their own as trustees. Therefore, it evidently was not intended that the assignment should be filed with them. In the next place the defendant bank argues that its assignment was filed in the office of the state architect. It is necessary to a valid assignment that the trustees of public buildings should consent thereto. (State Finance Law [Cons. Laws, ch. 56], § 43.) It appears, as the |