DRAMATIS PERSONA ESCALUS, prince of Verona. PARIS, a young nobleman, kinsman to the prince. MONTAGUE, heads of two houses at variance with each MERCUTIO, kinsman to the prince, and friend to Romeo. BENVOLIO, nephew to Montague, and friend to Romeo. TYBALT, nephew to Lady Capulet. FRIAR LAURENCE, FRIAR JOHN, '} Franciscans. BALTHASAR, servant to Romeo. SAMPSON, servants to Capulet. GREGORY, } PETER, servant to Juliet's nurse. Three Musicians. Page to Paris; another Page; an Officer. LADY MONTAGUE, wife to Montague. JULIET, daughter to Capulet. Nurse to Juliet. Citizens of Verona; several Men and Women, relations to both houses; Maskers, Guards, Watchmen, and Attendants. Chorus. SCENE: Verona; Mantua. DURATION OF TIME (Daniel, Time Analysis, p. 191 f.) Six consecutive days, beginning on the morning of the first and ending early on the morning of the sixth. Day 1. (Sunday) I., II. 1., 2. 2. (Monday) II. 3.-6., III. 1.-4. 3. (Tuesday) III. 5., IV. 1.-3. 4. (Wednesday) IV. 4., 5. " " " Dramatis Persona. These were first given by Rowe. 1 INTRODUCTION THE first edition of Romeo and Juliet was a Quarto published in 1597, with the title : AN | EXCELLENT | conceited Tragedie | OF | Romeo and Juliet, | As it hath been often (with great applause) plaid publiquely, by the right Ho- nourable the L. of Hunsdon | his Seruants. | LONDON, | Printed by John Danter. | 1597. | Two years later a second Quarto appeared, with the title : THE | MOST EX- cellent and lamentable | Tragedie, of Romeo and Juliet. | Newly corrected, augmented, and | amended: | As it hath been sundry times publiquely acted, by the | right Honourable the Lord Chamberlaine | his Seruants. | LONDON | Printed by Thomas Creede, for Cuthbert Burby, and are to | be sold at his shop neare the Exchange. | 1599. | A third Quarto was published in 1609, 'as it hath been sundry times publiquely acted by the Kings Maiesties Seruants at the Globe'; a fourth, undated (but probably later than 1623), with the name 'W. Shakespeare' for the first time mentioned on the titlepage, in some copies. A fifth appeared in 1637. The First Folio was printed from the Third Quarto, with a number of minute changes 'some accidental, some deliberate, but all generally for the worse, excepting the changes in punctuation and in the stage directions' which are usually for the better (Camb. edd.). 2 The principal textual problem of the play concerns the relation of the first two Quartos. All critics agree that the First Quarto is a pirated text, made up from notes taken in the theatre, eked out by occasional access to the MS. The great majority of its countless divergences from the other Qq can be accounted for, as the school of Mommsen would account for all, by omission, mutilation,1 or botching. Some of the most superb passages are so far preserved that we can be certain they existed entire in the play as performed in 1597. In a certain proportion of cases the First Quarto even preserves readings palpably more genuine than those of the Second, and every editor has admitted more or fewer of them into his text. But a considerable residue tends to confirm the assertion of the title-page of the Second Quarto, that its text was 'newly corrected, augmented, and amended.' The Cambridge editors, while expressing their general accord with Mommsen's view, yet demur in the one 1 A good instance (out of scores) is iii. 1. 202, where the genuine Mercy but murders, pardoning those that kill,' becomes: Mercy to all but murderers, pardoning none that kill.' gance) by R. Gericke, J. B. xiv. 2 Tycho Mommsen: Shakespeare's Romeo und Julia (1859), an exemplary critical edition of the two texts printed face to face. Mommsen's too peremptory rejection of the revision theory has tended to make this attitude orthodox in Germany in the analogous case of Hamlet, where that theory has still firmer ground. His uncompromising advocacy of the Second Quarto has been supported (not without extrava 3 Thus several entire verses (e.g. i. 4. 7, 8) are only found in Q1. Examples of clearly genuine readings confined to Q1 are ii. 1. 13, 'Cupid, he that shot so trim' ('true' Qq Ff); iii. 1. 129, 'fire-eyed fury' ('fire end' Q2, 'fire and' Ff.); iii. 5. 182, 'nobly train'd' (Q2 'liand,' Q3 Ff 'allied'), etc. Q1 gives Mercutio's Queen Mab speech in verse: all the other Qq in prose. 1 |