a 214,777 coming immensely popular, and with great candor gives the reason of it, and the great end which is to be consummated. States Area of States in acres Owned by Owned by Gen. States Missouri.....43,123,200....14,212.190....28,911,010 Florida...... .32,462,080....15,214,048....17,248,032 29,715,840.... 8,790,282. 20,925,558 27,256,765 .37,931,520.... 4,414,255....33,817,265 Aggregate...206,813,240....67,960,907...139,852,333 The above classification of tonnage belong-states the sentiment of "free land" is being to the non-holding and slave-holding states, furnishes an instructive subject of comment. It will be seen, that in the free states there was an increase in the aggregate tonnage for 1850 over the preceding year; while in the slave states there was decrease. Another fact is observable from Alabama. the above recapitulation; in the free states, Mississippi...30,174,080....18,480,377.. .11,693,703 there was an increase in the excess of Louisiana American tonnage; while in the slave states Arkansas.....33,406,720.... 6,149,755. the reverse was the case; the American tonnage decreased to the amount of 206,527 tons, and the excess of foreign tonnage increased 198,277 tons, but in the aggregate the falling off in the slave states 214,777 tons, or nearly one-fourth of entire shipping list. By particularizing, we find, that in some of the southern states, the falling off in the year 1850 was most remarkable. In Maryland, the decrease was 23,000 tons; in the District of Columbia, 1,000 tons; Virginia, 4,000 tons; South Carolina, 22,000 tons; Georgia, 12,000 tons; Florida, 9.000 tons; Alabama, 36,000 tons; North Carolina, 14,000 tons, and Louisiana 118,000 tons. Texas is the only southeru state that increased her tonnage in the year 1850. was In the northern states, only four states experienced a decrease; these are, Vermont, Pennsylvania, Michigan and Illinois. In the whole of the free states, the aggregate increase in the year 1850, was 125,278 tons. SOUTH-PUBLIC DOMAINS OF.-A writer in the New-York Commercial Advertiser, admits the fact, that throughout all the free vernment Owned by the states in their state 139,852,333 ..67,960,907 Thus, in the slave states the general government still holds the proprietary of 139,913,240 acres. "The population of the states alluded to, in 1790, and that in 1840, shows an increase so trifling, compared with that of the northern states of the Union, that it would require five hundred years for the states themselves to occupy the unemployed lands with a population as dense as that of any of the rural districts of Great Britain. Unable or indisposed to purchase the domain themselves, (and a northern speculator finds his prejudices superior to his interests in this respect,) the lands must remain in their primitive wastes, or become the homes of the worthy settler, whose repugnance to slavery need not prevent him from accepting as a gratuity that in at the consequences to the states respectively. The which he is unwilling to invest capital. Now look influx of this species of population would change the tone of the present minority to a great majority, and the institution of slavery would be abolished in twenty years. 33,406,720 square acres of territory; of this the state For instance, Arkansas contains owns only 6,149,755 acres, and the general govern97,574. Who will doubt that if a donation bill were ment 27,256,765 acres. Her population now is SOUTHERN AND NORTHERN TROOPS IN THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR. 127 New-Hampshire.. Rhode Island. Connecticut.. New-York... New-Jersey North Carolina.. Total.. 1778 1781 1782 1783 ..700......744. .5,298. .4,423. ..733 ..4,370 .481. ..372 1,732....1,790 3,921. .1,198. .1,169 ..823. ...660. 1775 1776 1777 1779 1780 ..2,824....4,019....4,483.... 1,783....1,222....1,767. 16,444...20,372...12,591...13,437. .7,738.. .7,889. 1,193....1,900....2,048. .3,056. ..1,263. .915. 4,507...13,227....6,563. 4,010....3,544....3,689. 2,075....5,344. .5,332. .2,190. .3,756. .4,838 .1,178. ..9,086... 2,908. ..2,580....1,276....1,267. .754....1,299. ..349.. .317. ...556. ...89. ....164.. .3,329....7,565. ..3,307. 2,849.. .2,065....2,107....1,280. 3,180....6,181...11,013....7,836 .7,573. .6,986. 6,119....2,204. 2,000....4,134....1,281....1,287. .4,920.. .6,132 .3,545....1,105. 4,000. .6,069.. 2,000. ..3,650. .4,500....9,132....3,000....3,152. 1,000....2,300. .2,173. .3,873......837....1,272. .750....1,326. 400...10,395....9,464....3,684....3.476....3,337....1,346....1,265....1,598 ...676 ..235 ..974 ..629 ..697 ..139 ..145 .37,623...89,651 68,720 51,052...41,584...42,826...29,346...18,006...13.476 South of Pennsylvania......10,180...22,013...24,032...20,033...20,679...26,187...15,521....9,067....2,594 1775.-The numbers are those in Continental pay. The Virginians were 6 and 8 months' men, and state troops; the North Carolinians were 3 months, and Georgians 9 months. All others enlisted to 31st December, 1775. 1776. The returns are actual, and approximate and include militia and continentals. 3000 of the men from northern states averaged but 4 months; 7000 from the Carolinas averaged 6 and 8 months. 1777.-Includes militia and continentals. 1113 New-Hampshire men were for 3 months; 2200 for 2 months; 2775 Massachusetts, 3 months; 2000 2 months; 1500 Rhode Island men, for 6 months; 2000 Connecticut, 2 months; 1500 New-Jersey, 2 months; 2481 Pennsylvania, 5 months; 2000, 3 months; 3420 New-York, 6 months; 1000 Delaware, 2 months; 1535 Maryland, 3 months; 4000 2 months; 1269 Virginia, 5 months; 4000, 2 months; 350 South Carolina, 8 months. Virginia, 2, 1000, 6 months; 1000 North Carolina, 8 months; 4500 South Carolina, 9 months. 1780.-Includes militia and continentals, 9000 New-York militia, for 2 months; 1500 Virginia, 12, 3000 3 months; 3000 North Carolina, average 12 months; 5000 South Carolina, average 4, 1000 8 months. 1781.-Includes troops and militia. All the Massachusetts and Connecticut men are enlisted for 4 months. 1782.-South Carolina militia, for 4 months. 1783.-All continentals. Army at the North discharged 5th November, 1783; at the South, 15th November, 1783. Remarks on the Whole.-Supposing the average period of enlistment for all the years to be about the same, North and South, it will be seen that in the first years of the Revolution, when the war was chiefly at the North, the southern states supplied, each 1778.-Includes militia and continentals. year, about one-third of the whole number 500 New-Hampshire militia were for 2 of enlistments; as soon, however, as the war months; 4500 Massachusetts, 2 months; extended southward, and became general, 1000 New-Jersey, and 2000 Virginia, 2 the southern states rapidly advanced, supplymonths; 2000 South Carolina, 3 months;ing one-half; and for 1780, 1781, and 1782, 2000 Georgia, 6 months; part of Massachu- more than one-half of all the enlistments. setts and Virginia militia were for guarding Mr. Seybert refers to a paper presented to Convention. Congress in 1811, which shows the regular troops raised in the Revolution, number serviceable in camp, and expense of the army. $20.064.666 24986.538..24986386..10794625.. 3000000...1942462...3631745...3775063 Total expenses, including sundry items. $135,103,703. SOUTHERN AND NORTHERN TROOPS IN THE MEXICAN WAR.-The following table was made up for the New-York Sun, from official data. In the preceding article is a table of the soldiers furnished by different states, in the Revolution. A writer in the Philadelphia North American conceives that we give too great a preponderance to the North, whose soldiers enlisted often, and for very short periods. This does most materially affect the case, and we are obliged to the writer for the correction. From Non-slaveholding States. Men 930 1,690 420 2 Reg. and 3 Com....2,117 5 and 3 66 and 1 66 5 66 6 "6 and 1 Bat. 2 Com. 3 66 Total from the free states.. 5,334 4,329 146 229 .22,136 questions involved between the North and the South. 1. That the natural increase of the southern slaves exceeds that of any other condition of men on this continent. 2. That the general census cannot show the fact, because it adds to the natural increase of the white race here, the vast annual accession from foreign emigration; and on the other hand, it allows nothing at all for these vast annual deductions from slavenumbers, which are made through private emancipation, and escape and enfranchisement at the North; and hence, the census gives the white race the precedence in natural increase. 3. This being so, and such the cause, that the white population of the United States about doubles itself in every period of two and a half decennial cycles, or twenty-five years. 4. That the slave population of the United States more than doubles itself in every period of three decennial cycles, or thirty years, from the natural increase alone. 5. That the free negroes of the southern states double in about every period of three and a half decennial cycles, or thirty-five years, from the natural increase alone. 6. That the free negroes in the northern and western states double in about every period of four decennial cycles, or forty years, from the natural increase alone. 7. That the free negroes of the southern states are the most stable and least migratory 1,312 of any class of the population of the United 298 States, if we except their migrations to other slave states. 6,955 ..43,213 SLAVES-FUGITIVE, AT THE NORTH. (SEE NEGROES AND NEGRO SLAVERY.)We have before us a pamphlet, published within the last few months at Washington, with the signature of Randolph of Roanoke, which examines critically many of the 8. That considerably more of the free negroes migrate from the free states to the slave states, than from the slave states to the free states. That forty-nine fiftieths of all native negroes of the slave states who are found in the free states, are or were fugitive slaves when they left the slave states. Census of Free Negroes in the New-England States from 1810 to 1840. 1810 1820 1830 Increase pr. an. New-England States...... 19,487....20,736....21,181........22,625......3 1-6 per cent......1-10 of 1 per cent. Census of Free Negroes in the six original Slave States, from 1810 to 1840. 1840 Increase in 30 yrs. Inc. pr. an. Orig. Slave States.........84,254......112,578......145,091......158,356......60 per cent......2 per cent. Tot. in Mid. States.. 59673...... .78,545.....116,217.....149,204......250 per cent...... .8% per cent. SLAVES-FUGITIVE, AT THE NORTH. He now goes into a calculation of the actual number of fugitive slaves who have been, or are still protected and sustained at the North, and arrives at results, we confess, which were never apprehended in the tenth part by us. We will give these results, and the course of argumentation which prodnced them. The author takes the New-England states as least affected by runaway slaves from their position, and finding the rate of increase of the same population in the six original slave states-from the two he forms a mean, which is taken as about the natural rate of increase. This will give a higher rate than the reality, from the fact that some slaves do escape to New-England, and many are manumitted at the South. However, adopting this mean, and contrasting it with the increase of free blacks in the middle or border-line states, the excess of such increase will measure the actual loss which southern slavery has sustained. From this, Randolph makes a deduction of the slaves manumitted at the North since 1810, but whether he has taken a figure high enough, it is impossible, with our limited information, here to say. This deduction is one-fifth of the whole increase above the natural rate, which would seem to be sufficient when it is reflected how large a portion of northern emancipated slaves were shipped off to the South before their freedom could take effect. The following are the figures and facts of the calculation: "The increase of population in the United States is unexampled in all the world. Even bating its accession from foreign emigration, and it is still withAs it is, and as I have said, it doubles out a rival. itself in twenty-five years. The rate of increase, therefore, is four per cent. per annum. to the free negroes of New-England. They have dwindled and dwindled, until they have almost Their annual increase reached a stand still. Now turn annum less than the rate of increase of the white population of the United States, and falls but that much short, therefore, of doubling itself in every twenty-five years! So much for the minimum of increase. "But what are we to say of the maximum of increase in these states, of this the most sluggish and unthrifty class of people within our borders? On turning to the rolls for Illinois and Michigan, I found these states had been absorbed and deeply intent upon the manufacturing of free negroes, and increasing their store at the amazing rate of upwards of sixteen per cent. per annum, each, and as no community of living mothers ever gave births in quadruples, it was plain that these fabled procreations were but the spoils of felonious plunder, and under the morals of the Free-soilers, that numbers give law, and thefts give title, numerous and valuable slaves are enticed from their owners; and, in association with the vilest and most worthless that shame the earth, they are hidden away in the chrysalis as fugitives from labor, but soon to emerge and take wing as fugitives from justice! Only to think of an increase of sixteen per cent. per annum, the quadruple of that of the United States, and which would double the free negro population of those states every six and a quarter years! But why should I dwell on these cases when there stands Ohio augmenting her free negroes out of the South's fugitive slaves, until her rate of increase per annum has actually attained to twenty-seven per cent., which would nearly double them seven times in twentyfive years, or more than double them every four years; and even such a marvel is lost in the wonder that here stands Indiana by her side, conspicuous over all, in the unexampled augmentation of her free negroes up to 62% per cent. per annum! At this rate of increase, instead of doubling, like the population of the United States, once in twenty-five years, the free negro population of Indiana doubles, and has doubled itself in that time, fifteen times, and in a word, doubles itself every other year, with 12 per cent. per annum of increase to spare! "I find the excessive augmentation of free negroes (fugitive slaves) beyond the natural and usual means, in the states now to be named, to be as follows: New-York 3 5-6 per cent.; excess over 2% per cent... 5,734 Fugitive Slaves. New-Jersey 5% per cent.; excess over 2% per cent... 7,221 Pennsylvania 3% per cent.; excess over 2 per cent.. 9,602 Ohio 27 per cent.; excess over 2% per cent.. ..14,033 6,502 66 cess over 2 per cent... Indiana 16% per cent.; exIllinois 16 per cent.; excess over 2% per cent. Michigan 16% per cent.; excess over 2 per cent... 2,535 497 amounts to but one-tenth of one per cent! They could not double themselves, at that rate, short of four hundred years! The South's fugitive slaves, which New-England is known to shelter and free annually, without compensating their owners, (independently of the large numbers she aids in escaping to Canada,) more than accounts for her en- Total fugitive slaves in the 46,224 in 30 years. tire annual increase, and consequently shows her native negro population gradually wearing out and wasting away. "Even the free negroes of the six original slave states of Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia, only show an annual increase of two per cent., but the deficiency is fully accounted for in the migration of free negroes from the old to the new slave states. But turning from these common-place details, and easting our eyes upon the columns portraying the progress of free negroism, in those of the free states which border on, or are almost equally accessible to the slave states, and lo! what wonders and contrasts strike and astonish us! The very minimum of increase in the seven middle free states, reaches to 3% per cent, per annum, while Massachusetts, with her great free negro thoroughfare of Boston, reaches no higher than to seven-eighths of one per cent. per annum! Why, at the rate of 34 per cent. per annum, they would double every twenty-seven years, and it is but one quarter of one per cent. per VOL III. above estimates... Add the estimated number of Total fugitive slaves from Number of fugitive slaves .61,624 in 40 years. To 61,624 fugitive slaves, 1,540 .$27,730,800 $693,000 "I shall now strike one-fifth, or 20 per centum from the estimates of both the aggregate and annual losses, reducing the former to $22,184,640, and the latter to $553,400; and (for good measure) casting into the account New-England's share of liability 9 to the South during the same period, for the like aggressions, and not less than five hundred slaves, (valued at $225,000,) whom the North assists annually to escape to Canada. and intelligent confrere, and have ever lamented that his services could not have been retained for the Review. Our best wishes are with him, however, in whatever field of usefulness he may be employed. "Who are liable for the payment? Those who took the property-those who received it--those who kept it--those who gave it protection-and those who evaded or resisted its reclamation: The On the 4th of July, 1776, domestic slavery citizens of the free states are liable-the govern- existed in all the American colonies that de ments of those states are liable-or, in one compre-clared independence of Great Britain. Of legal forum in Christendom, where such a claim, the thirteen original members of the confedfor such a cause, with equal proofs, between man eracy, seven have abolished it. Nine slaveand man, or nation and nation, would not be recog-holding and eight non-slaveholding states hensive word, the North is liable. There is not a nized and enforced." SLAVES. DANGERS WHICH ENVIRON SLAVES IN THE UNION.-Gen. Felix Houston delivered, not long since, an address at Lexington, Miss., in which he reviewed the causes injuriously affecting the prospects of the slave states, and concluded with a recapitulation, which, as the expression of the whole of a great matter in a nut-shell, we take the liberty of quoting: "1st. From the abolition feeling in the North which threatens its destruction, manifested as follows: "2d. The exclusion of slavery from all the terri the states. have since been added to the Union. The following table shows the slave population in 1776 : If concession be a merit, the South set an "7th. Continual agitation, the formation of abolition societies, the union of the churches against early example. She yielded two fifths of her slavery, and abduction of slaves from the border slaves in 1787, in apportioning representaslaveholding states. "8th. Nullification of the article of the Constitutives; whilst the North retained every pertion providing for the surrender of the fugitive slaves. 9th. Receiving negroes as citizens in the nonslaveholding states, and claiming for them the rights of citizens in the slaveholding states, and the right to hold office under the General Government. "10th. The colonization of Abolitionists in the border slaveholding states "11th. The seductions of the General Government, which, by its wealth and patronage, bribes Southern "13th. The enormous and vastly increasing expenditures of Government. "14th. The expenses of defences against the In dians, exploring the country, surveying the Pacific coast, erecting light-houses, and supporting territorial governments in countries from which the South is excluded; which may, in the aggregate, be set down at no less than twenty millions of dollars per annum." SLAVERY NORTH AND SOUTH.We extract the following remarks from an address made a short time ago, in Macon county, Georgia, by our esteemed friend, Stephen F. Miller, Esq., a copy of which he has kindly sent us. The readers of the Review will perhaps remember Mr. Miller as having been associated a short time with us in the editorial department, where we found him a most laborious, active, untiring, son of color within her limits, as a basis of power in Congress. This fact is an admission of property. What else could have induced the South to assent to this classification, or the North to claim the abatement, in the number of representatives, under the Federal Constitution? The subject produced much feeling between the two sections, and led to the first compromise in our political system. As to the propriety of slave labor, the North has no right to judge. She may cherish manufactures, run ships, cultivate orchards, or do whatever else she pleases within her own sphere, and the South says not a word; but when she turns champion of a false and misguided humanity, and takes upon herself the guardianship of the South, well may we resist the usurpation. For the last fifteen years we have protested in vain. From a few crazy memorials to Congress, abolition has swelled to its present hideous bulk. With Louisiana, we acquired from France in 1803, that immense region extending from the Mississippi to the Rio Grande, then a slave country. When Missouri applied for admission into the Union, in 1820, the North objected, because she recognized slavery in her constitution. This drew the line of 36 |