of which was published later in Russian journals. The wife of Fedchenko continued his studies in plants and published numerous papers of a taxonomic and phytogeographic character. I have already mentioned the discovery of pædogenesis by Nikolai Petrovitch Wagner in 1861, such a startling discovery at the time that von Siebold refused to print the paper until the German zoologist Pagenstecher two years later made a similar observation. But Wagner's paper was meanwhile printed in Russian and received a prize. The discovery of artificial parthenogenesis was also made for the first time by a Russian, my teacher Alexander Andreevitch Tikhomirof, in 1881, on the eggs of Bombyx mori, the silkworm. To him belongs also the best monograph on this insect, unfortunately unknown to foreigners because written in Russian, in 1882, and he was the first to introduce Scorcionera as food-plant for silkworms instead of the mulberry which cannot grow in the far north. By this substitution of food Tikhomirov made sericulture possible in North Russia and Finland. In 1887 he published, also in Russian, an interesting investigation in the development of Hydrozoa. A man of extraordinary education and wide knowledge, Tikhomirov was unfortunately misled by ambition, diverted his activities into administrative channels and cast a shadow on his name as investigator through his coöperation with the secret service while Acting President of the University of Moscow. But the little that he published will endure and is to the credit of Russian science. Salensky, Korotneff, Cholodkovsky and Schimkevitch as well as others have contributed to our knowledge of the development of various animals. The anatomy and development of spiders, for example, was for a long time almost entirely based on the studies of Schimkevitch and his "Text-book of Comparative Anatomy" has been translated into German. Cholodkovsky was the first to elucidate the complicated life history of Scale-Insects in a series of articles. A host of younger scientists were engaged in research in their respective sciences when the world war claimed the attention of all patriotic men. As I have explained before, in Russia, men espousing an academic career were exempt from service and therefore did not, in the majority of cases, receive any military training whatsoever. But many men of science volunteered their services in other capacities than soldiers. The revolution of 1917 brought new hopes, but these were soon shattered and now the universities are deserted and empty but for a few who have adapted themselves to the Bolshevik régime or chose to remain at their posts and to carry on the torch of light amidst the darkness. of ruin and desolation. Some perished. Others fled to foreign countries. Russia's contribution to science may become a closed chapter, unless new forces will arise capable not only of adjusting themselves to the new conditions, but of creating and producing where the present generation has failed. March, 1920 CONTENTS OF VOLUME 22 OF THE TRANSACTIONS PAGES I-209 The History of Early Relations between the United States and China, 1784-1844, by Kenneth Scott Latourette (Aug. 1917) PRICE $2.20 211-248 Studies in the Calcite Group, by William E. Ford (Oct. 1917) .45 249-467 The Vegetation of Northern Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, by George E. Nichols (July, 1918). 2.40 CONTENTS OF VOLUME 23 OF THE TRANSACTIONS PAGES PRICE I-63 Chaucerian Papers-I, by Professor Albert S. 65-108 Spenser's English Rivers, by Charles G. Osgood (January, 1920) $0.80 .60 109-158 New Species of Devonian Fossils from Western Tennessee, by Carl O. Dunbar (February, 1920) .85 159-210 Early History of American Auctions-A Chapter in Commercial History, by R. B. Westerfield (May, 1920) 211-241 Russia's Contribution to Science, by Alexander .65 .40 |