A

Abbé and abbot, difference between, 238.
Academy, character of its doctrines, 394.
Adam, Robert, court architect to George III, 761.
Addison, Joseph, review of Miss Aikin's life of, 699-
744; his character, 700, 701; sketch of his father's
life, 701; his birth and early life, 701, 702; ap-
pointed to a scholarship in Magdalene College,
Oxford, 702; his classical attainments, 702, 703:
his Essay on the Evidences of Christianity, 703.
741; contributes a preface to Dryden's Georgics,
706; his intention to take orders frustrated, 706,
sent by the Government to the Continent, 707, 708;
his introduction to Boileau, 709; leaves Paris and
proceeds to Venice, 710; his residence in Italy,
710-712; composes his Epistle to Montague (then
Lord Halifax), 712; his prospects clouded by the
death of William III., 713; becomes tutor to a
young English traveller, 713; writes his Treatise
on Medals, 713; repairs to Holland, 713, returns
to England, 713, his cordial reception and intro-
duction into the Kit Cat Club, 713; his pecuniary
difficulties, 713; engaged by Godolphin to write a
poem in honour of Marlborough's exploits, 715,
is appointed to a Commissionership. 715, merits
of his "Campaign," 715; criticism of his Travels
in Italy, 703. 716, 717; his opera of Rosamond, 717;
is made Undersecretary of State, and accompanies
the Earl of Halifax to Hanover, 718, his election
to the House of Commons, 718, his failure as a
speaker, 718; his popularity and talents for con.
versation, 719, 720; his timidity and constraint
among strangers, 720; his favourite associates,
720-722; becomes Chief Secretary for Ireland un-
der Wharton, 722; origination of the Tatler, 723;
his characteristics as a writer, 723-725; compared
with Swift and Voltaire as a master of the art of
ridicule, 724, 725; his pecuniary losses, 727, loss
of his Secretaryship, 727; resignation of his Fel-
lowship, 727; encouragement and disappointment
of his advances towards a great lady, 727; re-
turned to Parliament without a contest, 727; his
Whig Examiner, 727; intercedes with the Tories
on behalf of Ambrose Phillipps and Steele, 727;
his discontinuance of the Tatler and commence-
ment of the Spectator, 728, his part in the Spec-
tator, 728, his commencement and discontinuance
of the Guardian, 730; his Cato, 348. 710. 730; his
intercourse with Pope, 732; his concern for Steele,
732, 733; begins a new series of the Spectator, 733;
appointed secretary to the Lords Justices of the
Council on the death of Queen Annc, 734; again
appointed Chief Secretary for Ireland, 734; his
relations with Swift and Tickell, 734, 735; removed
to the Board of Trade, 735 production of his
Drummer, 735, his Freeholder, 735, his estrange-
ment from Pope, 736, 737; his long courtship of
the Countess Dowager of Warwick and union with
her,739,740, takes up his abod at Holland House,
740; appointed Secretary of State by Sunderland,
740; failure of his health, 740. 742 resigns his
post, 740; receives a pension, 740; his estrange-
ment from Steele and other friends, 741; advo-
cates the bill for limiting the number of Peers, 741,
742, refutation of a calumny upon him, 742; en-
trusts his works to Tickell, and dedicates them
to Craggs, 742; sends for Gay on his death-bed
to ask his forgiveness, 743; his death and funeral,
743; Tickell's elegy on his death, 744; superb
edition of his works, 744; his monument in Poet's
Corner, Westminster Abbey, 744.

Addison, Dr Lancelot, sketch of his life, 701.
Adiaphorists, a sect of German Protestants, 225. 235.
Adultery, how represented by the dramatists of the
Restoration, 572, 573-

Advancement of Learning, by Bacon, its publica.
cation, 371.

Eschylus and the Greek drama, 7-12.
Afghanistan, the monarchy of, analogous to that of
England in the 16th century, 230, 231; bravery of
its inhabitants, 616, 617; the English the only army
in India which could compete with them, 616,
their devastations in India, 507, 508.
Agricultural and manufacturing labourers, com.
parison of their condition, 105, 106.
Agujari, the singer, 671.

Aikin, Miss, review of her Life of Addison, 699-744-
Aix, its capture, 310.
Akenside, his Epistle to Curio, 284
Albigenses, 552, 553-

Alexander the Great, compared with Clive, 546.
Alfieri and Cowper, comparison between them, 152.
Allahabad, 614, 615. 617.
Allegories of Johnson and Addison, 186.
Allegory, difficulty of making it interesting, 186.
Allegro and Penseroso, 6.
Alphabetical writing, the greatest of human inven-
tions, 400; comparative views of its value by
Plato and Bacon, 400.

America, acquisitions of the Catholic Church in,
548; its capabilities, 548.
American colonies, British, war with them, 628; act
for imposing stamp duties upon them, 771; their
disaffection, 756; revival of the dispute with them,
786; progress of their resistance, 788, 789.
Anabaptists, their origin, 227.
Anacharsis, reputed contriver of the potter's wheel,

393-

Anaverdy Khan, governor of the Carnatic, 509.
Angria, his fortress of Gheriah reduced by Clive, 517.
Anne, Queen, her political and religious inclina-
tions, 261; changes in her government in 1710,
262; relative estimation by the Whigs and the
Tories of her reign, 262-264. 266; state of parties
at her accession, 713, 714; dismisses the Whigs,
726; change in the conduct of public affairs con-
sequent on her death, 733.

Antioch, Grecian eloquence at, 548.
Anytus, 385.

Apostolical succession, Mr Gladstone claims it for
the Church of England, 490-501.
Aquinas, Thomas, 410.

Arab fable of the Great Pyramid, 568.
Arbuthnot's Satirical Works, 725.
Archimedes, his slight estimate of his inventions,
398.

Archytas, rebuked by Plato, 398.
Arcot, Nabob of, his relations with England, 509-
513. 546; his claims recognised iy the English, 510.
Areopagitica, Milton's, allusion to, 27.
Argyle, Duke of, secedes from Walpole's adminis-
tration, 293.

Ariosto, compared with Tasso, 558.
Aristodemus, 549.
Aristophanes, 570.

Aristotle, his authority impaired by the Reforma.
tion, 396.

Arithmetic, comparative estimate of by Plato and
by Bacon, 397, 398.

Arlington, Lord, his character, 430, 431, his cold-
ness for the Triple Alliance, 434; his impeach.

ment, 442.

Armies in the middle ages, how constituted, 34, 35,

71; a powerful restraint on the regal power, 71;
subsequent change in this respect, 71.
Arms, British, successes of, against the French in
1758-1760, 310, 311.

Army (the), control of by Charles I. or by the Par-
liament, 75; its triumph over both, 79; danger of
a standing army becoming an instrument of des-
potism, 218, 219.

Arne, Dr, set to music Addison's opera of Rosa-
mond, 717.,

Arragon and Castille, their old institutions favour-
able to public liberty, 242.
Art of War, Machiavelli's, 46.
Arundel, Earl of, 391.

Asia, Central, its people, 615.

Asiatic Society, commencement of its career under
Warren Hastings, 646.
Assemblies, deliberative, 308.

Association. See Catholic Association.
Astronomy, comparative estimate of by Socrates
and by Bacon, 399.

Athenian comedies, their impurity, 570; reprinted
at the two Universities, 570.
Athenians (the), Johnson's opinion of them, 181, 182.
Attainder, an act of, warrantable, 211.
Atterbury, Bishop, his reply to Bentley to prove the
genuineness of the Letters of Phalaris, 465; reads
the funeral service over the body of Addison, 743.
Attila, 548.

Attributes of God, subtle speculations touching them
imply no high degree of intellectual culture, 549,
550.
Aubrey, his charge of corruption against Bacon, 382;
Bacon's decision against him after his present, 389.
Augsburg, Confession of, its adoption in Sweden,
561.

Augustin, St, 548.

Aurungzebe, his policy, 507.
Austen, Jane, notice of, 694.

Austin, Sarah, her character as a translator, 547,
548. 569.

Austria, success of her armies in the Catholic cause,
564.

Authors, their present position, 123-126.

freedom from the spirit of controversy, 413; his
eloquence, wit, and similitudes, 413; his disci-
plined imagination, 414; his boldness and origi-
nality, 415; unusual development in the order
of his faculties, 415; his resemblance to the inind
of Burke, 415; specimens of his two styles, 416;
value of his Essays, 416; his greatest performance
the first book of the Novun Organum, 417; con-
templation of his life, 417, 418.

Bacon, Sir Nicholas, his character, 351-354-
Baconian philosophy, its chief peculiarity, 392; its
essential spirit, 393; its method and object dif
fered from the ancient, 397; comparative views
of Bacon and Plato, 397-402; its beneficent spirit,
401, 402. 404, 405; its value compared with an-
cient philosophy, 402-407.

Baillie, Gen., destruction of his detachment by
Hyder Ali, 634-

Balance of power, interest of the Popes in preserv-
ing it, 564

Banim, Mr, his defence of James II. as a supporter
of toleration, 336.

Banking operations of Italy in the 14th century,
32, 33.

Bar (the), its degraded condition in the time of
James II., 88.

Barbary, work on, by Rev. Dr Addison, 701.
Barcelona, capture of, by Peterborough, 256.
Baretti, his admiration for Miss Burney, 678.
Barillon, M., his pithy words on the new counci
proposed by Temple, 447. 451.
Barlow, Bishop, 578.
Barrington, Lord, 749.

Barwell, Mr, 618; his support of Hastings, 620. 626
627. 630.

Bastile, Burke's declamations on its capture, 653
Battle of the Cranes and Pygmies, Addison's, 704.
Bavaria, its contest between Protestantism and
Catholicism, 559. 564.

Baxter's testimony to Hampden's excellence, 194.
Bayle, Peter, 551.

Beaumarchais, his suit before the parliament of
Paris, 390.

Beckford, Alderman, 764.

B

Baber, founder of the Mogul empire, 506.
Bacon, Lady, mother of Lord Bacon, 354.
Bacon, Lord, review of Basil Montagu's new edition
of the works of, 349-418; his mother distinguished
as a linguist, 354; his early years, 356, 357; his
services refused by government, 357, 358; his ad-
mission at Gray's Inn, 358; his legal attainments,
358; sat in Parliament in 1593, 359; part he took
in politics, 359; his friendship with the Earl of
Essex, 360-365; examination of his conduct to
Essex, 365-369; influence of King James on his
fortunes, 369; his servility to Lord Southampton,
370; influence his talents had with the public, 370;
his distinction in Parliament and in the courts of
law, 371; his literary and philosophical works,
371; his "Novum Organum," and the admiration
it excited, 371; his work of reducing and recom-
piling the laws of England, 372; his tampering
with the judges on the trial of Peacham, 372, 373;
attaches himself to Buckingham, 375; his ap-
pointment as Lord Keeper, 376; his share in the
vices of the administration, 377; his animosity to-
wards Sir Edward Coke, 379, 380; his town
and country residences, 380; his titles of Baron
Verulam and Viscount St Albans, 380; report
against him of the Committee on the Courts of
Justice, 382; nature of the charges, 382; over-
whelming evidence to them, 383; his admission of
his guilt, 383; his sentence, 384; examination of
Mr Montagu's arguments in his defence, 384-390;
mode in which he spent the last years of his life,
390, 391; chief peculiarity of his philosophy, 392-
397; his views compared with those of Plato, 397-
402; to what his wide and durable fame is chiefly
owing, 404; his frequent treatment of moral sub-
jects, 406; his views as a theologian, 406; vulgar
notion of him as inventor of the inductive method,
407; estimate of his analysis of that method, 407-
4to; union of audacity and sobriety in his temper,
411; his amplitude of comprehension, 412; his

Chatham, 755. 76; presents remonstrance to
George III., 774.

Bedford, Earl of, invited by Charles I. to form an
administration, 212.

Bedfords (the), 749; their opposition to the Rock-
ingham ministry on the Stamp Act, 777, their
willingness to break with Grenville on Chatham's
accession to office, 782; deserted Grenville and
admitted to office, 787; parallel between them and
the Rockinghams, 775..

Bedford House assailed by a rabble, 774-
Begums of Oude, their domains and treasures, 641;
disturbances in Oude imputed to them, 641; their
protestations, 642; their spoliation charged against
Hastings, 656.

Belgium, its contest between Protestantism and
Catholicism, 559. 564.
Belial, 572.

Bell, Peter, Byron's spleen against, 153.
Bellasys, the English general, 251.
Bellingham, his malevolence, 694.
Belphegor (the), of Machiavelli, 42.
Benares, its grandeur, 635, its annexation to the
British dominions, 640.

"Benefits of the Death of Christ," 559.
Benevolences, Oliver St John's opposition to, and
Bacon's support of, 372.

Bengal, its resources, 517, et seq.
Bentham, his language on the French revolution, 319.
Bentham and Dumont, 271.
Bentinck, Lord William, his memory cherished by
the Hindoos, 547.

Bentivoglio, Cardinal, on the state of religion in
England, in the 16th century, 233.

Bentley, Richard, his quarrel with Boyle, and re-
marks on Temple's Essay on the Letters of Phal-
aris, 465; his edition of Milton, 466. 699; his notes
on Horace, 466; his reconciliation with Boyle and
Atterbury, 467. 699.

Berar, occupied by the Bonslas, 628.
Berwick, Duke of, held the Allies in check, 253.
his retreat before Galway, 257.
Bickerstaff, Isaac, astrologer, 723.
Biographia Britannica, refutation of a calumny or
Addison in, 747

Carthagena, surrender of the arsena and ships of,
to the Allies, 257.

Casina (the), of Plautus, 42.
Castile, Admiral of, 252.

Castile and Arragon, their old institutions favour.
able to public liberty, 242.

Castilians, their character in the 16th century, 240;
their conduct in the War of the Succession, 258;
their attachment to the faith of their ancestors,
555-

Castracani, Castruccio, Life of, by Machiavelli, 50.
Catholic Association, attempt of the Tories to put
it down, 597.

Catholic Church. See Church of Rome.
Catholicism, causes of its success, 548-561.
Catholics and Jews, the same reasoning employed
against both, 136.

Catholics and Protestants, their relative numbers in
the 16th century, 232.

Catholic Queen (a), precautions against, 74-
"Cato," Addison's play of, its merits, and the con-
test it occasioned, 348; its first representation,
730, 731 its performance at Oxford, 731.
Cavaliers, their successors in the reign of George
I. turned demagogues, 746.

Cavendish, Lord, his conduct in the new council of
Temple, 459, his merits, 775.
Cecil. See Burleigh.

Cecil, Robert, his rivalry with Francis Bacon, 357,
358. 361, 362; his fear and envy of Essex, 358. 368;
increase of his dislike for Bacon, 361; his conver-
sation with Essex, 361; his interference to obtain
knighthood for Bacon, 369.

Cecilia, Madame D'Arblay's, 695; specimen of its
style, 697, 698.

Censorship, existed in some form from Henry VIII.
to the Revolution, 346.

Cervantes, 240.

Chalmers, Dr, Mr Gladstone's opinion of his defence
of the Church, 471.

Champion, Colonel, commander of the Bengal army,
617.

Chandernagore, French settlement on the Hoogley,
517; captured by the English, 521.
Charlemagne, imbecility of his successors, 507.
Charles, Archduke, his claim to the Spanish crown,
244; takes the field in support of it, 252; accom-
panies Peterborough in his expedition, 254; his
success in the north-east of Spain, 255; is pro
claimed king at Madrid, 257, his reverses and
retreat, 258, 259, his re-entry into Madrid, 260;
his unpopularity, 260, concludes a peace, 261;
forms an alliance with Philip of Spain, 265.
Charles I., lawfulness of the resistance to, 15-18;
Milton's defence of his execution, 20; his treat-
ment of the Parliament of 1640, 62; his treatment
of Strafford, 66; estimate of his character, 67, 79,
80. 199; his fall, 79; his condemnation and its
consequences, 79-81, Hampden's opposition to
him, and its consequences, 199-206, resistance of
the Scots to him, 207; his increasing difficulties,
207; his conduct towards the House of Commons.
214-216; his flight, 216; review of his conduct and
treatment, 217-219; reaction in his favour during
the Long Parliament, 234; cause of his politica
blunders, 281; effect of the victory over him on
the national character, 421.

Charles I. and Cromwell, choice between, 78.
Charles II., character of his reign, 22; his foreign
subsidies, 90; his situation in 1660 contrasted with
that of Louis XVIII., 327, 328; his character, 329.
431. 434 438, 439. 452; his position towards the
king of France, 332; consequences of his levity
and apathy, 333, 334; his Court compared with
that of his father, 430; his extravagance, 432; his
subserviency to France, 434-444; his renunciation
of the dispensing power, 442; his relations with
Temple, 443. 445. 460; his system of bribery of
the Commons, 448, 449; his dislike of Halifax,
457; his dismissal of Temple, 460; his social dis-
position, 580.

Charles II. of Spain, his unhappy condition, 243,
246-248; his difficulties in respect to the succes
sion, 243-248.

Charles III. of Spain, his hatred of England, 756.
Charles V., 555.
Charles VIII., 413.

Charles XII., compared with Clive, 546.
Charlotte, Queen, obtains the attendance of Miss
Burney, 682; her partizanship for Hastings, 686:
her treatment of Miss Burney, 688-690.
Chatham, Earl of, character of his public life, 289-
290; his early life, 290; his travels, 291; enters
the army, 291; obtains a seat in Parliament, 291;
attaches himself to the Whigs in opposition, 294;
his qualities as an orator, 296, 297; dismissed
from the army, 297; is made Groom of the Bed-
chamber to the Prince of Wales, 298; declaims
against the ministers, 298, 299; his opposition to
Carteret, 299; legacy left him by the Duchess of
Marlborough, 299; supports the Pelham ministry,
300; appointed Vice-Treasurer of Ireland, 300,
301 overtures made to him by Newcastle, 304;
made Secretary of State, 304; defends Admiral
Byng, 307, coalesces with the Duke of New-
castle, 304; success of his administration, 305-
313; his appreciation of Clive, 530-543, breach
between him and the great Whig connection,
543; review of his Correspondence, 744; in the
zenith of prosperity and glory. 744, his coalition
with Newcastle, 747; his strength in Parliament,
749; jealousies in his cabinet, 754; his defects,
755; proposes to declare war against Spain on
account of the family compact, 756; rejection of
his counsel, 756; his resignation, 757; the king's
gracious behaviour to him, 757; public enthusi-
asm towards him, 757; his conduct in opposition,
758-764; his speech against peace with France
and Spain, 765; his unsuccessful audiences with
George III. to form an administration 768, 769 ;
Sir William Pynsent bequeaths his whole pro-
perty to him, 771; bad state of his health, 771;
is twice visited by the Duke of Cumberland with
propositions from the king, 773, 774; his condem-
nation of the American Stamp Act, 777; is in-
duced by the king to assist in ousting Bucking-
ham, 781; morbid state of his mind, 781. 784; un-
dertakes to form an administration, 782, 783;
is created Earl of Chatham, 783; failure of his
ministerial arrangements, 783-786; loss of his
popularity and of his foreign influence, 783-787;
his despotic manners, 781. 784; lays an embargo
on the exportation of corn, 784; his first speech
in the House of Lords, 784; his supercilious
conduct_towards the Peers, 784; his retirement
from office, 785; his policy violated, 785-787;
resigns the privy seal, 786; state of parties and
of public affairs on his recovery, 786, 787; his
political relations, 787, 788; his eloquence not
suited to the House of Lords, 788; opposed the
recognition of the independence of the United
States, 789, 790; his last appearance in the House
of Lords, 789, 790; his death, 790; reflections on
his fall, 790; his funeral in Westminster Abbey, 791.
Cherbourg, guns taken from, 310.
Chesterfield, Lord, his dismissal by Walpole, 293.
Cheyte Sing, a vassal of the government of Bengal,
636; his large revenue and suspected treasure,
637; Hastings' policy in desiring to punish him,
637, 638; his treatment made the successful charge
against Hastings, 655.

Chillingworth, his opinion on apostolical succession,
493; became a Catholic from conviction, 551.
Chinsurah, Dutch settlement on the Hoogley, 517;
its siege by the English and capitulation, 531.
Chivalry, its form in Languedoc in the 12th century,

551, 552.

Cholmondely, Mrs, 678.

Christchurch College, Oxford, its repute after the
Revolution, 465; issues a new edition of the Let-
ters of Phalaris, 465.

Christianity, its alliance with the ancient philosophy,
395; light in which it was regarded by the Italians
at the Reformation, 555.
Church (the), in the time of James II., 89.
Church (the), Southey's Book of, 101.
Church, the English, persecutions in her name, 56;
High and Low Church parties, 718.
Church of England, its origin and connection with
the state, 60. 500, 501; its condition in the time of
Charles I., 115, 116; endeavour of the leading