Reforming Philosophy: A Victorian Debate on Science and SocietyUniversity of Chicago Press, 15.11.2010 г. - 386 страници The Victorian period in Britain was an “age of reform.” It is therefore not surprising that two of the era’s most eminent intellects described themselves as reformers. Both William Whewell and John Stuart Mill believed that by reforming philosophy—including the philosophy of science—they could effect social and political change. But their divergent visions of this societal transformation led to a sustained and spirited controversy that covered morality, politics, science, and economics. Situating their debate within the larger context of Victorian society and its concerns, Reforming Philosophy shows how two very different men captured the intellectual spirit of the day and engaged the attention of other scientists and philosophers, including the young Charles Darwin. Mill—philosopher, political economist, and Parliamentarian—remains a canonical author of Anglo-American philosophy, while Whewell—Anglican cleric, scientist, and educator—is now often overlooked, though in his day he was renowned as an authority on science. Placing their teachings in their proper intellectual, cultural, and argumentative spheres, Laura Snyder revises the standard views of these two important Victorian figures, showing that both men’s concerns remain relevant today. A philosophically and historically sensitive account of the engagement of the major protagonists of Victorian British philosophy, Reforming Philosophy is the first book-length examination of the dispute between Mill and Whewell in its entirety. A rich and nuanced understanding of the intellectual spirit of Victorian Britain, it will be welcomed by philosophers and historians of science, scholars of Victorian studies, and students of the history of philosophy and political economy. |
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Страница 13
... positions, could provide a corrective to the excesses of the Benthamite position. His attempt to unite the two resulted in a pair of essays he published in 1838 and 1840, in which he compared Bentham and Coleridge. Although Mill had ...
... positions, could provide a corrective to the excesses of the Benthamite position. His attempt to unite the two resulted in a pair of essays he published in 1838 and 1840, in which he compared Bentham and Coleridge. Although Mill had ...
Страница 14
... position that sensations are the sole materials of knowledge. The opposing view is that of Coleridge's school, which maintained that the human mind has the capacity to perceive the nature of “things in themselves,” that it can recognize ...
... position that sensations are the sole materials of knowledge. The opposing view is that of Coleridge's school, which maintained that the human mind has the capacity to perceive the nature of “things in themselves,” that it can recognize ...
Страница 15
... position in the world.33 However, Mill claimed, Bentham neglected to gaze beyond his own mind to see how men really were. He had knowledge only of his own mind—a poor ground for generalization, since his own human deficiencies were rife ...
... position in the world.33 However, Mill claimed, Bentham neglected to gaze beyond his own mind to see how men really were. He had knowledge only of his own mind—a poor ground for generalization, since his own human deficiencies were rife ...
Страница 20
... position as a lawyer required a fairly large investment of money that his family did not have.49 But he could have followed Jones in attempting to attain a parish living; this would have left him some time to pursue scientific interests ...
... position as a lawyer required a fairly large investment of money that his family did not have.49 But he could have followed Jones in attempting to attain a parish living; this would have left him some time to pursue scientific interests ...
Страница 22
... position I differ from other commentators, who have claimed that his interest in reforming science derived from his desire to counter utilitarianism in morality and politics, or his wish to promote a particular theological position.60 ...
... position I differ from other commentators, who have claimed that his interest in reforming science derived from his desire to counter utilitarianism in morality and politics, or his wish to promote a particular theological position.60 ...
Съдържание
1 | |
7 | |
33 | |
Chapter 2 Mills Radicalization of Induction | 95 |
Chapter 3 Reforming Science | 156 |
Morality and Politics | 204 |
Chapter 5 Reforming Political Economy | 267 |
The Debates Legacy | 323 |
Bibliography | 335 |
Index | 365 |
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according actions allow appeared argued Bacon believed Bentham called Cambridge cause chapter Charles claimed classes Coleridge conception concerned consequences considered consilience criticized Darwin deductive definitions described desire developed discovery discussion edition effect Elements empirical essay evidence Examination example existence experience explained expressed facts follow Herschel History human hypothesis Ibid Ideas important individual Inductive Sciences inference instance interest John Stuart Mill Jones kind knowledge known later laws letter Liberty Logic Malthus mathematics means merely method Mill’s mind moral moral philosophy natural necessary noted notion objects observed Origin particular Philosophy physical pleasures political economy poor position possible present Principles properties published reading reason referred reform rejected relation Ricardo Richard scientific seems seen sensations sense similar social society suggested System of Logic theory things thought tion true truth understanding universal Utilitarianism Whewell’s William Whewell writing wrote
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Страница 240 - That principle is that the sole end for which mankind are warranted, individually or collectively, in interfering with the liberty of action of any of their number is self-protection.
Страница 76 - Those who have handled sciences have been either men of experiment or men of dogmas. The men of experiment are like the ant; they only collect and use: the reasoners resemble spiders, who make cobwebs out of their own substance. But the bee takes a middle course; it gathers its material from the flowers of the garden and of the field, but transforms and digests it by a power of its own.
Страница 93 - To conclude therefore, let no man, upon a weak conceit of sobriety or an ill-applied moderation, think or maintain that a man can search too far or be too well studied in the book of God's word or in the book of God's works ; divinity or philosophy; but rather let men endeavour an endless progress or proficience in both...
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Страница 116 - Necessity is simply this: that, given the motives which are present to an individual's mind, and given likewise the character and disposition of the individual, the manner in which he will act may be unerringly inferred : that if we knew the person thoroughly, and knew all the inducements which are acting upon him, we could foretell his conduct with as much certainty as we can predict any physical event.
Страница 93 - For man by the fall fell at the same time from his state of innocency and from his dominion over creation. Both of these losses however can even in this life be in some part repaired ; the former by religion and faith, the latter by arts and sciences.