*

-has pleasure in music and the fine arts. In geometry and the mathematics (particularly where number is concerned), he has superior power. He is more attentive

He

to phenomena than to mere objects; and natural history is not, in its still departments, his favorite pursuit. is capable of succeeding in those sciences in which inference and deduction are to be made from phenomena. Phrenology should interest him.† He has a respect for religion, and is no scoffer. If educated in orthodoxy, probably adheres to the kirk. He will require morality, however, as well as doctrine, but will reconcile the mysteries with the other parts of his faith. When young, the wonderful attracted him, but his reflective powers lift him above superstition.

'He has temper and spirit, but they never exhibit themselves in ebullitions of passion. § He is honorable in pecuniary transactions, and expects from others the integrity he is disposed to manifest himself.

He is neat and orderly in his habits-social, and disposed to the pleasures of society.

In language, and the arts of design, he is not deficient,¶

*This is also very correct. In 1825 I compiled a work on Mental Arithmetic, which went through four editions. The work was an illustration of Pestalozzi's System of Mental Calculation.

No study more so.

This is true. 'When young,' I devoured fictions by the score, and the more marvellous and intricate they were the better were they suited to my depraved taste. 'Celina,' (a tale of Mystery,) The Monk,' Mrs. Radcliffe's works, and the works of the author of 'Bertram,' were among my choicest luxuries of the imagination.

This is not so correct. I have frequently, though not of late years, been carried away by passion, but when the ebullition has subsided, I have endured the most bitter suffering from a due sense of the impropriety of my conduct. I attribute my subjugation of this fiery temper to my acquaintance with phrenology, as much as my reflecting faculties. I may add, I am rather touchy, very jealous of my reputation, and sometimes imagine injury or insult where none is intended.

This is correct, and will account for my peculiar feelings of 'comfortableness' mentioned in the preliminary observations.

As observed in the preliminary remarks, I am fond of drawings, engravings, and paintings, and can appreciate their beauties, and point out their defects; but I am a complete bungler with a pencil. The note of Dr. Weir, that the outer part of the eyebrow is better developed than the inner,' will account for this.

but in the former has most ability. He is capable of being a good lecturer on subjects which he understands. A vein of dry humor runs in a continual under-current, and I should think, on the whole, his temper is cheerful.

I think this head will pass through life employed in intellectual pursuits and lawful occupations, leaving little room for censure; with attention to individual interests, yet respecting those of others, and with the esteem and regard of the great majority of those who know him.'

I now began to study the form of the head, and to occupy myself in drawing analyses of character from measurement and manipulation. I did this for some time without fee or reward, and having been appointed. Curator of the Society's Museum, I devoted two hours a day, for three days in the week, to drawing inferences from cerebral development of all persons who came to me. I think in the space of two years I could not have measured less than a thousand heads. I was at length compelled to give up this gratuitous practice, I was so inundated by visitors. All seemed eager to test phrenology by an examination of their own cranium. I frequently, when a more than ordinarily marked head presented itself, drew out a written analysis for the person's guidance and education. Of the different heads brought under my notice I do not remember one more strikingly characteristic and harmonious with phrenology than a youth of Dunfermline. At the time I first saw him he was in his fifteenth year. His head was very large, measuring at that early period upwards of 23 inches in circumference, and every part was fully and freely developed. The organs of Constructiveness, Form, Size, Coloring, Ideality, Imitation, Wit, and Language, were very large indeed, and there was not an organ in the entire brain that was deficient in power. The temperament a compound of sanguine and nervous. I recom

was

mended the father of this youth to allow him to cultivate the arts, affirming that I was yet young enough to live to see him at the head of his profession as an artist. I employed him to paint me several portrait illustrations of eminent men, and I was amazed at the fidelity of the likenesses, as well as the just form and proportion of the different heads he executed; I was no less astonished at the rapidity with which he executed the work. These portraits were painted in Indian ink to imitate busts. He also designed three illustrations for my essay on 'Acquisitiveness,' and although only just turned fourteen at the time, these illustrations were pronounced, by competent critics, perfect master-pieces of composition. With one of these I present my readers. It illustrates a fact in the history of Henry VIII., which I had introduced into my essay on Acquisitiveness,' from Spelman's History of Sacrilege.' 'When Henry wanted his first act to be passed for confiscating the property of the monasteries, the Commons rejected the bill twice. Henry then summoned them to attend him in his hall, and after keeping them waiting for four or five hours, he entered, and going up among them, looking angrily on one side and on the other, "I hear" (said he) "that you will not pass the bill-but I will have it, or I will have some of your heads." This did the work, and the Commons passed the bill.'* The design illustrates Henry in his passionate display, telling the story most faithfully.

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During the great controversy between the Established Church of Scotland and the Voluntary Church, he painted three emblematical caricatures, placing the ministers of the Established Church in the most ludicrous positions, and illustrating his designs with the most pungent witticisms. They are marvellous evidences of inventive genius and mental power, and, were they published, would inflict more mental suffering upon the Church party than all the numerous lectures and speeches that emanated *See Essay on Acquisitiveness,' p. 21. Second Edition.