SECTION XVI.—AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE AND EDUCATION-Continued. 194 ment station. 195 196 197 198 199 201 Description. Plan of station building; first floor. Front elevation of station building. Plan of experiment station barns. Shorthorn heifer, Miss Morton, aged 26 200 Group of Shorthorn steers. Shorthorn bull, Sharon Duke 16th, head of herd, aged 37 months, weight 1,810 pounds. Shorthorn, "Red Rose," of Saltville, age 30 months, weight 1,280 pounds. Registered Holstein cow and bull calf. 203 Jersey cow, "Virginia B ossom," aged 27 months. 202 APPENDIX V. LIST OF AWARDS MADE IN THE UNITED STATES AGRICULTURAL EXHIBIT. [Those with an asterisk (*) being for collaboration in preparing the exhibit.] CLASS 42.-FORESTRY. Gold medals.-United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. (collective exhibit); Korbel, F., & Brothers (California redwood lumber and doors). San Francisco, California; Jackson, Arthur C. (raw and manufactured products, etc.) Sanford, Florida. Silver medals.-Massachusetts Society for the Promotion of Agriculture, Boston, Massachusetts; Northern Pacific Railroad Company, New York City; Rothrock, J. P. (photographs of characteristic forest trees), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Sargent, Charles S. (sections of trees), Jamaica Plains, Massachusetts; Hough, Romeyn B. (veneer sections), Lowville, New York. Bronze medals.-Cordley & Hayes (induated fiber ware, kitchen utensils), etc., New York City. Honorable mention.-Brooks, Henry (photographs of forest trees), Boston, Massachusetts; Fayerweather & Ladew (hemlock bark), New York; Tiffany Chemical Company (samples of tan bark and tan extracts), New York City. CLASS 44.-AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS NOT USED FOR FOOD. Grand prizes.-United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. (collective exhibits, fibers, tobacco, etc.). Gold medals.-Cotton Oil Product Company (cotton-seed-oil lard, etc.), New York City; Dutton, H. F., & Co., Haas. L. B. (tobacco), Hartford, Connecticut; Southern Cotton Seed Company, New York City; Vaughan & Sarvay (tobacco), Richmond, Virginia. Silver medals.-Allen & Ginter (tobacco), Richmond, Virginia; Bowman, N. R. (tobacco), Lynchburg, Virginia; Boyce, S. S. (hemp and flax from dry fiber), New York City; Clark, Washington A. (sea island cotton), Columbia, South Carolina; Harthill, Alex. (tobacco), Louisville, Kentucky: Hinson, W. Q. (sea island cotton), James Island. South Carolina; Kimball, W. A., & Co. (tobacco), Rochester, New York; Roberts, Dr. R. R. (American flax and hemp), Washington, District of Columbia: Sioux City Linseed Oil Works (linseed oil, meal, and cake), Sioux City, Iowa; J. J. Wilson, Son & Co. (tobacco), Richmond, Virginia; C. V. Riley, Washington (silk from osage orange), District of Columbia. Bronze medals.-Florida Tobacco Producing Company; Griffin, S. M., & Co. (tobacco), Richmond, Virginia: Nye, William (Oils), New Bedford, Massachusetts; Straiton & Storm, (tobacco), New York City; Stubbs, Prof. W. C. (samples of cotton in seed), Baton Rouge, Louisiana; Thornton, Noble & Davis (tobacco). Richmond. Virginia; *A. McDonald, Lynchburg, Virginia; *Dr. George Vasey, Washington, District of Columbia. Honorable mention.-Crawford, E. M., & Son (tobacco), New York City: Hall. Thomas (tobacco), New York City Florida's collective exhibition: Fremery. Felix (native-grown jute, ramie and ramie seed), Yorktown, Texas: Jackson. Arthur C., Sanford, Florida; Neal, T. D., Richmond, Virginia; Noblin & Hudson. South Boston, Virginia; Shelborn, Silas (tobacco), Richmond, Virginia; Winston, Frank (tobacco), Tennessee. CLASS 50.-APPARATUS AND METHODS USED IN AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD INDUSTRIES. Gold medals.-United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, District of Columbia (model of silo, creamery, etc.) CLASS 67.-CEREALS; FARINACEOUS PRODUCTS, WITH THEIR DERIVATIVES. Grand prizes.-United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, District of Columbia (collective exhibit). Gold medals.—* Wiley, H. W., United States Department of Agriculture (sorghum), Washington, District of Columbia; Northern Pacific Railroad: Pillsbury, C. A., & Co. (flour in the various stages of manufacture), Minneapolis, Minnesota: *George W. Hill, Washington, District of Columbia; Board of Trade (samples illustrating various grades of official inspection), Chicago, Illinois: Glen Cove Manufacturing Company (samples of "maizena," grape sugar, and glucose), New York City. Silver medals.-Commissioner of agriculture for South Carolina; Schumacher, T., & Co. (farinaceous products), Akron, Ohio. Bronze medals.-Street & Co. Honorable mention.-Mansfield, Miss. (popped corn), Washington, District of Columbia. CLASS 69.-FAT SUBSTANCES USED FOR FOOD; MILK PRODUCTS AND EGGS. Gold medals.-Green Mountain Stock Farm. Michener, J. H., & Co. (lard), Philadelphia, Pennslyvania. Silver medals.-Salmon, D. E., Chief of Bureau of Animal Industry, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, District of Columbia; Armour & Co. (lard), Chicago, Illinois; Cassard, G., & Co. (lard), Baltimore, Maryland; Morell & Co.. Southern Cotton Seed Oil Co. (refined cotton seed oil), New York. Bronze medal.-Hooper, Geo. F. (olive oil), Sonoma, California. Honorable mention.-Swift & Co. (lard), Chicago, Illinois; Luidi Bagnoli. CLASSES 70-71.-Preserved MEATS, FISH, VEGETABLES, AND FRUIT, Gold medals.-Armour & Co. (canned, salted, and packed meats, etc.), Chicago, Illinois; Cassard, G., & Co. (dried, salted and smoked meats), Baltimore, Maryland: Curtice Brothers (canned meats), Rochester, New York; Michener, J. H., & Co. (dried, salted, and smoked meats), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Morris & Co. (canned meats), Chicago, Illinois: Swift & Co. (salted, packed, dried, and smoked meats), Chicago, Illinois. Silver medals.-United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, District of Columbia; * Van Deman, H. E.; Division of Pomology, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, District of Columbia: Brougham, Geo. (extracts of meat, canned soups), Chicago, Illinois; Franco-American Soup Company (canned soups), New York City; Cowdrey, E. I., & Co. (canned meats), Boston, Massachusetts; Numsen, William, & Sons (pineapples, peaches, plums, and berries. canned vegetables), Baltimore, Maryland; Pacific Orchard Cannery; Rosa. John J. (evaporated peaches), Milford, Delaware: Van Nostrand & Co; *M. G. Kern, St. Louis, Missouri. Bronze medals.-Florida State Horticultural Society (citrus fruits): Erie Pre serving Company (canned succotash, sweet corn, and tomatoes), Buffalo, New York: Griffin Canning Company (canned tomatoes), Griffin, Georgia: Huckins, J. H. W.. & Co. (canned soups), Boston, Massachusetts; Humbert, Henry, & Co. (extracts of meat), New York City: Mallory, E. B.. & Co. (canned tomatoes, corn, and peas. peaches) Baltimore, Maryland; Martin, Wagner & Co. (canned tomatoes, corn, etc.), Baltimore, Maryland: Myer, Thomas J., & Co. (canned vegetables, fruits, and berries), Baltimore, Maryland; Perry, F. H., & Co. (canned tomatoes, asparagus. beans and corn), Providence, Rhode Island; Sears & Nicholl (twelve cans of corn canned peaches), Chillicothe, Ohio; Winterport Packing Company (canned sweet corn), Winterport, Maine. Honorable mention.-Brown, Arthur (nuts), Bagdad, Santa Rosa County, Florida; Clagett, F. (canned corn, etc.), Upper Marlboro, Maryland; Hooper, Geo. F. (nuts, prunes, olives), Sonoma, California: Kimball, Frank A. (citrus fruits), National City, California; Kennon, Gray & Co. (canned vegetables), Sublett Tavern, Pennsylvania; Orestott, Henry (raisins). Placer County, California; Rixord, G. P. (berries and nuts), San Francisco, California. CLASS 73.-FERMENTED DRINKS. Section I.-Wines. Gold medals.-Chauche, A, G., Livermore, Alameda County, California; Wetmore, Charles A., Livermore, Alameda County, California; Megliavalla, G., Napa, California. Silver medals.—Beck, Adolphe, San Francisco, California; Beringer Brothers, St. Helena, Napa County, California; Greenbaum, Alfred, San Francisco, California; Haraszthy, Arpad, & Co., San Francisco, California; Hagner, Henry, Cedar Knoll Vineyards, Napa County, California; Hooper, George F., Sobre Vista Vineyards, Napa County, California; Kohler & Frohling, San Francisco, California; Monticello Wine Company, Charlottesville, Virginia; New Urbana Wine Company, Hammondsport, New York; Pleasant Valley Wine Company, Rheims, Steuben County, New York; Schilling, C. & Co., San Francisco, California; Stone Hill Wine Company, Hermann, Missouri; Wineberger, Mrs. J. C., St. Helena, California. Bronze medals.—American Wine Company, St. Louis, Missouri; Brun, A. & Co., Oakville, Napa County, California; Craig, W. O., Sonoma, California; Gundlach, J. & Co., San Francisco, California; Matthews, J., Lisbon Winery, Napa, California; Purity Wine Company, San Francisco, California; Russow, Adolph, Proffit postoffice, Virginia; Adamson, Rutherford, Napa County, California; Ryckman, G. F., Brocton Wine Company. Brocton, New York; University of California, Experimental Cellar, Berkeley County, California; Aubonin, H., Courtois & Co., St. Helena, California; Krug, Charles. Honorable mention.-Ben Lomond Wine Company, Santa Cruz County, California; Edge Hill Wine Company, St. Helena, California; Ewer & Atkinson, Rutherford, Napa County, California; Florida Wine Company (orange wine), Clay Springs, Florida; Gast Wine Company, St. Louis, Missouri; Pearson, Alexander M., Vineland, New Jersey; Schram, Jacob, St. Helena, California; Grosmann, H. Section II.-Spirituous liquors. Gold medals.-California State Viticultural Commission (brandy), San Francisco, California: Osborn, John, Son & Co. (whisky), New York. Silver medals.-Hagner, Henry (brandy), Napa County, California; Hume & Co. (whisky and apple brandy), Washington, District of Columbia; Napa Valley Wine Company (brandy). Bronze medals.-Edge Hill Wine Company (brandy), St. Helena, California; De Turk, J. (brandy), Santa Rosa, California. Honorable mention.-Nouveau Clos Vougeot Vineyard (brandy), St. Helena, California; Krug, Ch. Section IV.-Ciders, Gold medal.-Mott, S. R. & T. C. (ciders), New York City. CLASS 74.-SPECIMENS OF FARM IMPROVEMENTS AND AGRICULTural Works. Silver medal.-Salmon, D. E., Chief of Bureau of Animal Industry, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, District of Columbia. Honorable mention.-Salmon, D. E., Chief of Bureau of Animal Industry, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, District of Columbia (Wickes refrigerator.) CLASS 75.-VINE CULTIVATION. Gold medals.-*Clayton, B. F., special agent United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, District of Columbia; *George Husman, Napa, California. Silver medals.-*T. V. Munson, Denison, Texas; *A. M. Pearson, Vineland, New Jersey. CLASS 76.-USEFUL AND INJURIOUS INSECTS. Grand prize.-United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, District of Columbia; Riley, Dr. C. V., Entomologist, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, District of Columbia. Gold medal.-Collective exhibit of the United States of nozzles for spraying insecticides. Prepared under the direction of the Secretary of Agriculture. Washington, District of Columbia. Silver medals.-Dadant, Charles, & Son (Dadant's patents and appliances for bee culture), Hamilton, Illinois; *N. W. McLain, St. Anthony's Park, Minnesota: *Philip Walker, Washington, District of Columbia. Bronze medals.-Newcomb (apicultural appliances), Illinois; *A. J. Cook, Lansing, Michigan; *G. W. Demaree, Christainsburg, Kentucky; * W. T. Falconer. Jamestown, New York; G. L. Tinker. New Philadelphia, Ohio; * A. C. Tyrrel: *James Heddon, Dowagiac, Michigan; *C. F. Muth & Son, Cincinnati, Ohio: *Newman & Son, Chicago, Illinois; *A. I. Root, Medina, Ohio; *Jas. H. Van Deusen & Sons, Sprout Brook, New York. CLASS 73bis (2D DIVISION).—AGRONOMY; AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS. Grand prize.-United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, District of Columbia (collective exhibit of agricultural scientific work). Gold medals.-Dodge, J. R., statistician, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, District of Columbia; Fernow, B. E., chief of Forestry Division, United States Department of Agriculture: Saunders, William, Horticulturist: United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, District of Columbia: Commissioner of Agriculture of the State of Kansas. Silver medals.-Salmon, Dr. E., Chief of Bureau of Animal Industry, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, District of Columbia; Galloway, B. T., Division of Vegetable Pathology, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, District of Columbia; Merriam, Dr. C. H., chief of Ornithological Division, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, District of Columbia. CLASS 73 (3D DIVISION).—ORGANIZATION, METHODS, AND APPLIANCES OF AGRICULTURAL INSTRUCTION. Silver medals.-Atwater, Prof. W. O., chief of Office of Experiment Stations. United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, District of Columbia: Taylor, Dr. T., microscopist, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, District of Columbia. CLASS 82.-SEEDS OF FOREST TREES. Bronze medal-* B. Fernow, Washington, District of Columbia. CLASS 49.-APPARATUS AND Methods oF FARMING AND FORESTRY. Grand prizes.-McCormick Harvesting Company, Chicago, Illinois, mowers and reapers: Walter A. Wood, Hoosick Falls, New York, mowers and reapers. Gold medals.-Batcheller & Sons, Wallingford, Vermont, hay forks; Johnston Harvester Company, Batavia, New York, harvesters; Whitman Agricultural Company, St. Louis, Missouri; wool, hay, and straw press. Silver medals.-Armour & Company, Chicago, Illinois, manures; Chadborn & Coldwell Manufacturing Company, Newburg, New York, lawn mowers; W. & B Douglas, Middletown, Connecticut, pumps and hydraulic rams for garden and farm; Samuel Johnston & Company, Brockport, New York; Lloyd & Supplee Hardware Company, 503 Market street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, lawn mowers: D. M. Osborn & Company, Auburn, New York, reapers and mowers. Bronze medals.—Bradley & Company, Syracuse, New York, reapers and mowers, Honorable mention.-Plano Manufacturing Company, 81 and 83 Monroe street, Chicago, Illinois, reapers and binders. APPENDIX VI. REVIEWS OF THE UNITED STATES AGRICULTURAL EXHIBIT FROM LEADING FRENCH AND ENGLISH SOURCES. [AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE IN THE UNITED STATES. THE BUDGET, BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY.] [Translated from Leon Grandeau in Le Temps, August, 17, 1889.] Agriculture in all countries has been the last to receive in the councils of the state that attention which, out of regard for the national prosperity, its predominance over all other national industries should have secured for it-an indifference difficult of explanation. France has had a special minister of agriculture only during the past eight years. The United Kingdom has only just endowed, by a recent act of Parliament, an institution analogous to that created by Gambetta. which, indeed, served them in great part for a model; and it was only on the 11th of last February that President Cleveland approved the act by which Congress established a special department under the title of the Department of Agriculture of the United States. Congress took the first step in this direction in 1862. The law of May 15, approved by President Lincoln, established the foundations of an independent department of agriculture, but the functionary then placed at the head had only the title of Commissioner of Agriculture and was not a member of the Cabinet. The services rendered by the new department, under the charge successively of the several Commissioners, from Isaac Newton to N. J. Colman (from 1863 to 1889), have each year increased. It has gained year by year more and more of the confidence and favor of the farmers, the scientific agriculturists, and the general public; so much so that it has at last received, in being elevated into an independent department, the official rank due to a bureau which has under its administration the interests of a large portion of the inhabitants and the principal source of national prosperity.' On February 11, 1889, President Cleveland nominated as Secretary of Agriculture Hon. Norman J. Colman, the then Commissioner of Agriculture. On the change of administration, 4th of March, 1889, Secretary Colman resigned his office, and Hon. J. M. Rusk, of Wisconsin, was nominated Secretary of Agriculture by President Harrison. Hon. E. Willits, president of the Agricultural College of Michigan and director of the experimental station of that institution, was made Assistant Secretary. The general organization of this Department, the appropriations which it has at its disposal, its relation to the farmers, and the direction given to its different labors, make it seem worthy of study as to its general features. The system of land tenure and the condition of agriculture in the United States, so different in all respects from that of the old countries with their dense populations, necessarily calls for a special organization in the Department of the Minister of Agriculture. I have already spoken of the remarkable development by the Government at Washington of statistical information of all kinds designed to guide and instruct the farmer, so to speak, from day to day with regard to all facts that would promote his interests. It seems to me useful to complete this survey of the organization of the Department of Agriculture by making use of the data exhibited in the Quai d'Orsay, and the oral explanations so courteously given me by Messrs. Riley and Dodge, the commissioner in charge of the American section and one of his efficient colleagues. There are in the United States actually engaged in farming about 4,000,000. The mean general proportion out of each 100 of those classified as actual proprietors, working on shares, and renting farms, is as follows: Those working their own farms. .74.50 .17.50 8.00 100.00 That portion of the population employed in agriculture, which, as we have said, |