man foreseeth the evil, and abstains from all things that may be hurtful either to the body or the soul, he soon finds that there is an exalted enjoyment even in self-restraint, and a luxury in selfdenial; and many years of health and prosperity are in store for him, when the sources of gratification of the sensualist are all dried up, and the days have come when he can find no pleasure in them.

The mass of mankind, however, will prefer present pleasure, and, upon the knowledge of this tendency, all the machinery of these manufactories is founded. If there be any, fun, frolic, ballad, or dance;—if any wedding, christening, or funeral;—if any cause for rejoicing, or solace for grief;—if work be abundant, or if there be no work at all;-if the weather be too hot or too cold, too wet or too dry;—if a place be required for payment of wages, for meeting of clubs, or for political parties;—if there be no home, or a gloomy one-no wife, or a scolding one ;—if a man like a warm room and cheerful fire, a social party and skittles by day, or if he love music and theatrical performances by night; -here his taste may be gratified-here there is a bait for every fish, and nets for all kinds of men. When the young man looks in at the window of the door, then stops to listen to the fiddle or the song, then hears the merry laugh and beholds the bright lights; he sees in the window this notice-ADMISSION FREE! -What! every attraction, and nothing to pay! It is even so. This is the philosophy of this species of manufacture. It will sometimes answer, indeed, not only to give all these entertainments for nothing, but even to make a present of the first pint of beer into the bargain; just as men pour a little water into a pump that is dry, in order to get a much larger quantity from the well below.

Such are some of the contrivances; such is the machinery; such the vast power which transforms man into DRUNKARD, and drunkard into DEVIL. Total abstinence alone can put this craft in danger, but not until wielded with far more energy than heretofore. To break the spell of these enchantments, they must be touched with the wand of truth, which must be held by men of truth. At present, these men are wiser in their generation than those who are engaged in useful occupations. No other party can present such a magnet, or invent such attractions. The butcher, the baker, the grocer, and the tailor have no chance with them. They drive the briskest trade; they keep the fattest horses and the jolliest men; and, in many towns, and even counties, they are able to decide the election, and return their

own members of Parliament, to represent pale ale, blue ruin, or brown stout. They can frequently determine the choice of a minister for a vacant pulpit, or of a candidate for an office in a religious or charitable institution. They can obtain from the people seventy times as much as all the religious societies put together, and they can levy taxes far exceeding the whole taxation of the country by the state.

Our next step is to inspect the manufactured products. For this purpose we must visit the vast warehouses in which they are deposited. We must visit the enormous gaols, workhouses, and lunatic asylums, which cover the land;—we must visit the ragged schools; the refuges for the destitute; the hospitals and convict ships, in which we may see finished specimens. For goods only partly finished we must visit the narrow lanes, dark cellars and wretched garrets, where the work of transformation is still going on; and if we have courage to inhale the foul air which grim pestilence breathes upon all who intrude within his precincts, you may inspect the curious specimens of rags and filth, and pauperism and crime;—the terrible oath, the lewd song, the atheistic sneer, or the idiotic laugh, until you could weep as He who "hath borne our griefs and carried our sorrows," once wept over the deluded inhabitants of Jerusalem. Here we see them in every stage of the process—the first glass—the daily moderation—the final excess; for every drunkard must pass through the process of moderate drinking; and but for the unhappy drinking customs which have surrounded him, he never would have become a drunkard. The art consists in drawing men by degrees;-in inducing them to begin-merely to take a little; and "he that despiseth little things shall, perish by little and little ;" and on this Scripture warning, wise men take the alarm, and shun the first step to danger. They listen to the caution of Scripture, "Look not at the wine when it is red; at the last it biteth like a serpent and stingeth like an adder." They read the description of its captivating nature;—“Wine is a mocker; strong drink is raging; and whosoever is deceived thereby, is not wise." They mark the accurate description of the effects produced :— "Who hath woe? who hath sorrow? who hath contentions? who hath babbling? who hath wounds without cause? who hath redness of eyes? They that tarry long at the wine." And hence they learn that moderate drinking is, at the least, the doubtful side, and entire abstinence the safe side.

Who, then, are they who encourage this terrible havoc ?

They are not the brewers and distillers alone; there would be no sellers if there were no buyers; no makers if there were no drinkers; and if the receiver of stolen goods is as bad as the thief, it is a vain and foolish conceit to preach against the beer shop, and denounce it in the pulpit as the shortest road to hell, and yet to practice, at home, those drinking usages, which make the sale and manufacture necessary. If it is right to drink, it is right to make and to sell the drink. They, therefore, who cause this wholesale ruin of human beings, are all who make these liquors and all who sell ;-all who buy, and all who drink ;—all who dig the pits and set the snares; and all who license them, and all who sanction them. And can it be supposed for a moment that the Supreme Being is indifferent to this work of destruction? By no means. This is his law ;"Woe unto the world because of offences;" that is to say, actions or customs which cause men to stumble and fall-" for it must needs be that offences come, but woe unto that man by whom the offence cometh. It were better for him that a millstone were hanged about his neck, and he cast into the sea!" And it is not easy in our day to conceive the excuse of ignorance. The evil tendency is so obvious, and the mischief has been so long before the eyes of men, that they are without excuse that make, or sell, or license, or offer; for thus saith the Lord, "Woe unto him that giveth his neighbour drink, that puttest thy bottle to him, and makest him drunken also!"

What, then, shall be done? Let us try to stop the machinery of these manufactories, and turn the invested capital to better purpose! Let every man clear himself of his share of the guilt! Let men of benevolence cease to corrupt the people by false charities, and let them remove the CAUSE of the people's miseries! Instead of trusting in ragged schools let them prevail upon parents and children to avoid the gin shop which is the real ragged school! Let them support the manufactories now in operation for converting drunkards back again into men. Every Temperance Hall, every Temperance Society, every Band of Hope, may be so regarded. Let this machinery be multiplied and improved; let Temperance periodicals be supported; Temperance tracts distributed; Reading, Rooms, Lectures, and all means of improvement and recreation, be encouraged.

Such is our Report which we respectfully present to Her Majesty, and to her subjects. And will the Queen act upon it? We cannot tell; but if the Queen and the Prince would atone for the tremendous evils inflicted on the nation by the royal

license, "To be drunk on the premises; "-if they will stop the factories which, IN THEIR NAME, are filling the land with poverty and crime, let them set up a large MODEL MANUFACTORY that shall manufacture drunkards into men, and preserve men from becoming drunkards. It may be vain to suggest the appropriation of the Crystal Palace surplus fund of £150,000 ; but funds will not be wanting. Let the Queen and the Prince erect, in or near London, a TEMPERANCE COLLEGE; with a subsidiary TEMPERANCE BOARDING-SCHOOL; with Lecture Room's and Reading Rooms; let them surround the same with model lodging houses, all to be regulated for ever on the principle of Total Abstinence from all intoxicating liquors. Public encouragement and royal sanction, would then go far to undo the mischief which the opposite sanction has already done. In such Temperance College let first-rate professors of physiology be appointed, with liberal salaries, to deliver lectures on the most approved laws of health, and on the best means of securing a sound mind in a sound body. For such an institution a playmaster would be as requisite as a schoolmaster, gymnastic exercises, running, leaping, swimming, and all athletic sports that would develope the physical and mental vigour, would be quite as important as languages or sciences. In order to counteract the devices and attractions of the gin shop let there be a more powerful magnet; let there be amusements and recreations which present far greater attractions to the young; such as microscopes, telescopes, air pumps, electrical machines, galvanic batteries, transparent orreries, and all the natural wonders of the heavens and the earth. Here would be a GRAND MANUFACTORY which would soon change the aspect of the manufacturing districts of London, and would soon be imitated in every county and in every town; and by changing the habits of the people from grosser to more refined pleasures, it would make them ready for every other improvement. This would be the best step ever taken in national education, even the step enjoined in Scripture, "Add to knowledge TEMPERANCE." That Her Majesty's prime minister is not far from this opinion, may be inferred from the following declaration which he made in Exeter Hall :

"I am convinced that there is no cause more likely to elevate the people of this country, in every respect, whether as regards religion, whether as regards political importance, whether as regards literary and moral cultivation, than this great question of Temperance."

Our past efforts have not been in vain. Great changes have

been made in the drinking habits of families and individuals; but within ten years we shall see far greater changes. The clerical and medical profession combined, says Dr. Carpenter, "could soon put an end to intemperance ;" and they will combine. This Temperance Reformation will soon become the great movement of the day. In order that due encouragement may be given to future efforts, we quote from the Economist newspaper the following table, which shows that, notwithstanding the increase of population, there is a diminution in the consumption of intoxicating drinks. It gives the respective quantities consumed during the first three quarters of the years 1850-51; and also the increase in the consumption of tea, coffee, and cocoa, during that time :—

A decrease of 140,000 gallons spirits—84,000 gallons wine-and 1,920;000

bushels of malt, in spite of the increase of population!

We may be charged with giving undue importance to the Temperance Movement. The attempt to change the habits of the people may not be thought worthy of a collegiate institution, or of royal sanction. We shall conclude with answering that objection in the words of that profound thinker and master-mind, Lord Bacon; which words we commend to the careful attention both of the monarch and the people of this land. With respect to public customs, education, and high sanction, Lord Bacon says:

66 Many examples may be put of the force of custom, both upon mind and body. Therefore since custom is the principal magistrate of a man's life, let men by all means endeavour to obtain good customs. Certainly custom is most perfect when it beginneth in young years; and this we call EDUCATION; which is, in effect, but an early force of custom. But if the force of custom, simply and separate, be great, the force of custom, copulate and conjoined and COLLEGIATE, is far greater: for there, example teacheth, company comforteth, emulation quickeneth, glory raiseth, so that in such places the FORCE OF CUSTOM IS IN ITS EXALTATION."