caufes his tongue to faulter, and confounds his utterance; and puts him upon making a thousand geftures and grimaces, to keep himself in countenance; all which only heighten the confufion of his appearance.

"Remorfe, or a painful fenfe of guilt, cafts down the countenance, and clouds it with anxiety; hangs down the head; draws the eye-brows down upon the eyes, The right hand beats the breaft. The teeth gnash with anguifh. The whole body is ftrained and violently agitated. If this ftrong remorfe is fucceeded by the more gracious difpofition of penitence, or contrition; then the eyes are raifed (but with great appearance of doubting and fear) to the throne of heavenly mercy; and immediately caft down again to the earth. Then floods of tears are seen to flow. The knees are bended; or the body proftrated on the ground. The arms are fpread in a fuppliant pofture, and the voice of deprecation is uttered with fighs, groans, timidity, befitation, and trembling.

"Courage, steady, and cool, opens the countenance, gives the whole form an erect and graceful air. The accents are strong, full mouthed, and articulate, the voice firm and even.

Boafting, or affected courage, is loud, blustering threatening. The eyes flare; the eye-brows drawn down; the face is red and bloated; the mouth pouts out; the voice hollow and thundering; the arms are fet a-kimbo; the head often nodding in a menacing manner; and the right fift, clenched, is brandifhed, from time to time, at the perfon threatened. The right foot is often stamped upon the ground, and the legs take fuch large firides, and the feps are fo heavy, that the earth feems to tremble under them.

"Pride affumes a lofty look, bordering upon the afpect and attitude of anger. The eyes open, but with the eye-brows confiderably drawn down; the mouth pouting out; or shut, and the lips pinched clofe. The words walk out a-ftrut, with a flow, fiff, bombaftic affectation of importance. The arms generally a-kimbo, and the legs at a distance from one another, taking large tragedy-ftrides.

Affectation displays itself in a thousand different geftures, motions, airs, and looks, according to the character, which the perfon affects. Affectation of learning gives a ftiff formality to the whole perfon. The words come ftalking out with the pace of a funeral proceffion; and every fentence has the folemnity of an oracle. Affectation of piety turns up the goggling whites of the eyes to heaven, as if the perfon were in a trance,

and

and fixes them in that pofture fo long that the brain of the beholder grows giddy. Then comes up deep grumbling, a holy groan from the lower parts of the thorax ; but fo tremendous in found, and fo long protracted, that you expect to fee a goblin rife, like an exhalation through the folid earth. Then he begins to rock from fide to fide, or backward and forward, like an aged pine on the fide of a hill, when a brisk wind blows. The hands are clafped together, and often lifted, and the head often fhaken with foolish vehemence. The tone of the voice is canting, or fing-fong lullaby, not much diftant from an Irish howl, and the words godly doggrel. Affectation of beauty, and killing, puts a fine woman by turns into all forts of forms, appearances, and attitudes, but amiable ones. She undoes, by art, or rather by awkardness, (for true art conceals itself) all that nature had done for her. Nature formed her almoft an angel; and fhe, with infinite pains, makes herself a monkey. Therefore this fpecies of affectation is eafily imitated, or taken off. Make as many, and as ugly grimaces, motions, and gestures, as can be made; and take care that nature never peep out, and you represent coquetish affectation to the life."

Our Author goes on to give rules for expreffing floth, intoxication, anger, jealoufy, fatigue, veneration, hope, defire, love, wonder, obftinacy, &c. &c. and though public speakers may feldom have occafion to exprefs all these paffions, or bumours, as he calls them, yet he recommends the study and practice of the proper ways of expreffing them. "A gentleman (fays he) may not have occafion every day to dance a minuet, but he has occafion to go into company every day; and he will go into a room with much the better grace for his having learned to dance in the most elegant manner. The orator may not have actual occafion to exprefs anger, jealouf, malice, and fome few others of the more violent paf-. fions, for which I have here given rules. But he will, by applying his organs of elocution to exprefs them, acquire a mafterly cafe, and fluency, in expreffing those he has actual occafion to exprefs.'

In regard to the Leffons, they are, in general, judiciously chofen, and a fenfible mafter may make a very proper ufe of them; the emphatical words are printed in Italics, and there are marginal notes to fhew the various paffions, in the several examples, as they change from one to another. The Author does not fcruple to alter both the fenfe and the words, in many of the paffages, which he has taken both from the Ancients

and

and the Moderns; his defign being to give a fet of useful leffons for practice, without confining himself altogether to the words of any author.

The Leffons conclude with a Sermon, compofed by the Author. "I did not know (fays he) where to find a fingle fermon containing a fufficient variety of fpecies of matter, for exercifing generally, the talents of a Preacher. The Reader will perceive, that this difcourfe is compofed with a direct view to expreffion, or delivery. And whoever has confidered the ftrain of the popular addreffes of the prophets and apoftles, and of the fathers, and beft French preachers, to fay nothing of the orations of Demofthenes, Cicero, and the reft, will not, I hope, be offended at a vivacity of remonftrance and defcription, unafual in our English fermons; which are, otherwife, the best."

He difcourfes from thefe words of the apostle Paul, in the fecond chapter of the epiftle to Titus,The grace of God, which bringeth falvation, hath appeared to all men, &c. The emphatical words of the fermon are printed in Italics, as in the other leffons; and there are marginal notes to shew the various paffions.

R

A Review of The Hiftory of the Man after God's own Heart. In which the Falfhoods and Mifreprefentations of the Hiftorian are expofed and corrected. By Samuel Chandler, D.D. F.R. and A. SS. 8vo. 4s. in Boards. Henderfon, &c.

WHE

HEN we gave the public an account of The Hiflory of the Man after God's own Heart*, we intimated our earnest wish that fome able hand would undertake the defence of the illuftrious character, fo roughly attacked in that Hiftory; and our wish has been highly gratified by the learned and ingenious performance now before us.

Dr. Chandler, indeed, was doubly influenced to enter the lifts on this occafion, not only as an advocate for the truth and honour of the Sacred Writings, but as he was perfonally provoked to the combat: The Hiftorian having declared, that he was moved to publifh his Strictures upon David, by the Doctor's Sermon (and that of another Reverend Panegyrift) on the Death of his late Majefty; in which the character of

See Review for April, 1761,

that

that worthy prince was illuftrated by a comparifon with that of the King of Ifrael, greatly, as the Hiftorian apprehended, to the prejudice of the rmer. And, indeed, if it could be proved that the celebrated monarch of the Hebrews was such a monfter of iniquity as the Hiftorian has reprefented him to be, the Doctor, who intended nothing less than the highest eulogium on the late King, has fufficient reafon to be mortified at being detected in fo unhappy a mistake.

To fhew, however, that the mistake lies only on the fide of his antagonist, and to refcue David's reputation from the cruel fangs of this mercilefs libeller, as he deems him, the Doctor has here given the public a vindication of the Royal Hebrew's conduct, in every particular, (except what he admits against him in the affair of Nabal, in that of Uriah, and in the fin of numbering the people) to the extent of near 350 ample pages, including the Preface.

In the course of this elaborate Defence, the learned Author, who was ever a warm and spirited Controverfialift, gives fufficient proof that the vigor of his genius, and the vivacity of his difpofition, are by no means impaired, fince he (many years ago) fo handfomely chaftifed the fanaticism of Guife, and the bigotry of Berriman.

But, by the way, these very warm and animated Writers in general (for we fpeak not now of Dr. Chandler) however entertaining their works may prove, are not always the most fuccefsful, when the point is only to convince and fatisfy the Reader's understanding, by the foundness of argument, rather than to amuse and gratify his imagination by brifk fallies of wit, fmart repartees, and all the pleafing exertions of a lively fancy.

Perhaps, therefore, the cause in which the Doctor is at prefent engaged, might not have been the less effectually ferved, had he prevailed with himself to restrain the impetuofity of his temper, to check the fire of his refentment, and not confidered himself as perfonally concerned in the debate; for, in truth, his ardor for the conteft has fometimes carried him great lengths, both in the defence of his hero, and in the attack of his adversary so that a cool and moderate Reader may be apt to conclude, that he has manifefted too boundless an attachment to the former, and too determined, too acrimonious a contempt for the latter. David was certainly but a man, and subject, like other men, to frailty and error; his Hiftorian, too, is furely not less than

man

man, and, as such, entitled to the candid regard of his fellow creatures, however fingular he may be in his notions, however mistaken in his conduct, as. Diffenter from eftablished opinions.-But the Doctor, in the heighth of his zeal for the illuftrious Hebrew, feems to have fometimes overlooked this confideration; for he has treated his opponent with fuch extreme afperity, as, one would think, a good caufe could never want, and from which even a bad cause can receive no benefit. Not content, with arraigning his antagonist as an unletter'd and ignorant Writer, he ventures to hold him up to public abhorrence, as a wicked man, acting under the influence of a depraved and malignant heart, and, in fhort, as an enemy to all that is pious or acceptable toward God, or virtuous and praife-worthy among men.

But is it neceffary, when two men differ in their estimation of the character and conduct of a third perfon, to suppose that one of the two must be an abandoned profligate? Is it not poffible that both may be very honest and fincere, though one (or perhaps both) are mistaken?-What need then, for drawing the most unfavourable and uncharitable conclufions, with regard to the secret motives of those who differ from us, and thereupon falling into an illiberal ftrain of railing and invective?—The Doctor feverely animadverts upon all appearances of this fort, in the Writer whom he oppofes; fo that he remains felf-condemned, upon his own principles, for adopting the fame kind of behaviour :-which, from this and other fimilar inftances, we conclude to be contagious.-To revile a man, in the harsheft terms, for being a reviler, is like Diogenes proudly trampling on the pride of Plato.

Thus much we deemed it not improper to remark, in regard to that decency of temper in literary debates, without which they degenerate into mere learned fcurrility, little better than Billinfgate fquabbles; and become the difgrace and the bane of literature. And very forry we are, that any flips of Dr. Chandler's better pen fhould have given rife to the observation; for, in other respects, we much admire his performance, and think ourfelves greatly obliged to him for the entertainment and information it hath afforded us. he is, above all, intitled to the thanks of the whole Chriftian world, for his excellent Defence of the Biblical Writers, whose credit and authority were boldly impeached, by the Author of the little Tract which gave rife to this masterly Answer;-of which we will now proceed to give fome fpeci

mens.

But

The