Social Security Disability Reviews: The Role of the Administrative Law Judge : Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Oversight of Government Management of the Committee on Governmental Affairs, United States Senate, Ninety-eighth Congress, First Session, June 8, 1983U.S. Government Printing Office, 1983 - 470 страници |
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acquiesce action adjudication administrative law judges Administrative Procedure Act agency ALJ allowance ALJ decisions ALJ's ALJIC allowance decisions Appeals Council apply Associate Commissioner average basis Bellmon Amendment Bellmon review Carl Levin Chief Administrative Law Circuit claimant claims collateral estoppel Congress court decisions criteria decisional denial decisions denied determination disability program district court evaluation evidence Federal filed Finnegan grandfather clause hearing examiners hearing offices Hearings and Appeals Heckler high-allowance Human Services impairment increase independence individual ALJs initial issue Judge Friedes judicial medical improvement memorandum month MSPB Office of Hearings Patti percent performance plaintiffs policy of nonacquiescence POMS pressure problems production quota RCALJ reconsideration regulations remand request reversal rate Schweiker Secretary Senator COHEN Senator LEVIN Social Security Act Social Security Administration Social Security Disability Social Security Rulings SSA's staff attorney standards stare decisis Subcommittee Supplemental Security Income Supreme Court terminated
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Страница 409 - ... very high respect and consideration in all parallel cases by all other departments of the Government. And while it is obviously possible that such decision may be erroneous in any given case, still the evil effect following it, being limited to that particular case, with the chance that it may be overruled and never become a precedent for other cases, can better be borne than could the evils of a different practice.
Страница 409 - At the same time, the candid citizen must confess that if the policy of the government, upon vital questions affecting the whole people, is to be irrevocably fixed by decisions of the Supreme Court the instant they are made in ordinary litigation between parties in personal actions the people will have ceased to be their own rulers, having to that extent practically resigned their government into the hands of that eminent tribunal.
Страница 380 - Notwithstanding the deference each branch must accord the others, the "judicial Power of the United States" vested in the federal courts by Art III, § 1, of the Constitution can no more be shared with the Executive Branch than the Chief Executive, for example, can share with the Judiciary the veto power, or the Congress share with the Judiciary the power to override a Presidential veto. Any other conclusion would be contrary to the basic concept of separation of powers and the checks and balances...
Страница 90 - ... shall be assigned to cases in rotation so far as practicable and shall perform no duties inconsistent with their duties and responsibilities as examiners.
Страница 413 - But the opinion which gives to the judges the right to decide what laws are constitutional, and what not, not only for themselves in their own sphere of action, but for the legislature and executive also, in their spheres, would make the judiciary a despotic branch.
Страница 288 - Except for purposes of section 202(d), 202(e), 202(f), 223, and 225, the term "disability" means (A) inability to engage in any substantial gainful activity by reason of any medically determinable physical or mental impairment which can be expected to result in death or has lasted or can be expected to last for a continuous period of not less than 12 months...
Страница 51 - There can be little doubt that the role of the modern federal hearing examiner or administrative law judge within this framework is 'functionally comparable' to that of a judge. His powers are often, if not generally, comparable to those of a trial judge: He may issue subpoenas, rule on proffers of evidence, regulate the course of the hearing, and make or recommend decisions.
Страница 380 - While the Constitution diffuses power the better to secure liberty, it also contemplates that practice will integrate the dispersed powers into a workable government. It enjoins upon its branches separateness but interdependence, autonomy but reciprocity.
Страница 90 - Examiners shall be removable by the agency in which they are employed only for good cause established and determined by the' Civil Service Commission (hereinafter called the Commission) after opportunity for hearing and upon the record thereof. Examiners shall receive compensation prescribed by the Commission independently of agency recommendations or ratings...
Страница 380 - In designing the structure of our Government and dividing and allocating the sovereign power among three coequal branches, the Framers of the Constitution sought to provide a comprehensive system, but the separate powers were not intended to operate with absolute independence.