to call it a-by-itself-a, exactly as mentioned by MR. AINGER. EDMUND TEW, M.A.

F. C. H.'s explanation of this word-"andpussy-and "-is not very satisfactory, and another conjecture is admissible. I, who was taught also in my childhood to finish the alphabet with this word, have the recollection of its pronunciation, "ampuzzyam." Its etymology did not occur to me till I was at school and was pretty well master of Latin. I then set it down in my own mind as and-per se-and, i. e. standing alone, separate from the alphabet, but connected with it as a sort of literal sign. I have no other authority than my own schoolboy evolution of a childish puzzle. HERBERT RANDOLPH.

BLUE-VINID CHEESE (4th S. viii. 486.)-The word vinid is common in the Western Counties. I have heard it advanced that it simply means veined, and is applied to that kind of cheese which has blue streaks or veins. This, however, is not the true derivation. It is called vinid because it is vinewed or mouldy, as vinewiness signifies mouldiness or a state of incipient decay. In that part of England the word sinew is, by old people, pronounced sinney. In like manner vinew, or mouldiness, would be pronounced vinney; and for vinewed they accordingly say vinid, or better, vineyed.

F. C. H.

--

H. D. C.

Dursley. "VERTUE" (4th S. viii. 396.) Is it at all likely that MR. BRADSHAW's leaf is part of the following ?

"The Castell of Laboure, wherein is Riches, Vertue, and Honour." "It is of some length, and an allegory; in which Lady Reason conquers Despair, Poverty, and other evils which attend a poor man lately married," &c. Printed by Wynkyn de Worde in 4to. 1506, and again by Pynson, without date. It is a translation from the French by Alex. Barclay. See Warton's History, by Price. A. G.

PUBLIC TEACHERS (4th S. viii. 413.) — The errors in MR. THORNBURY's two handsome volumes

(which, by the way, are a reprint from All the Year Round) are the less excusable because a great deal of the matter they contain is taken from Mr. Murray's Handbooks of the counties through which MR. THORNBURY seems to have walked; and in those handbooks such errors are If CHITTELDROOG will compare seldom found.

the work in question with one of the Handbooks he will find page after page of manifest borrowing. The method adopted is that system of paraphrasing (or turning plain English into "tall talk") by which modern pedagogues and competitive examiners are improving monosyllables out of the language. I do not trouble "N. & Q" with parallel passages, as the most cursory comparison will prove my statement true. MAKROCHEIR.

By Earl Goodwin, MR. THORNBURY evidently means the famous Thane Goodwin or Godwin, father of Harold II., and father-in-law of Edward the Confessor. He can only describe Harold M. as a Dane by confusing him with Harold I. "The handsome King Henry VI." is certainly a strange description of that good, but by no means good-looking, prince. HERMENTRUDE.

Why should CHITTELDROOG (a Parsee or a I quietly pointed out for the second time an error parson, I presume) be so angry with me because in the Boswell notes of the late Mr. John Wilson Croker? And why, O why should gooseflesh come over CHITTELDROOG because I also noticed two misquotations by Mr. Thomas Carlyle? If CHITTELDROOG can correct my corrections of those two great writers, why does he not do so, rather than arrogantly and maliciously club together half-a-dozen printer's errors in a book the merits or faults of which are totally irrelevant to WALTER THORNBURY. the subject.

A FORM OF ECCENTRICITY, OR AN ECCENTRICITY OF FORM (4th S. viii. 399.)-Can you, in fact, fancy a more sorry sight than some badly shaped "petits-crevés. of either sex of the present day being allowed to move about through the streets of London or Paris in the garb of our first parents before the Fall? Shocking! Such monstrosities as your correspondent speaks of will now and then be attempted, after extraordinary political convulsions or great personal misfortunes, when people's minds are, for a time as it were, unhinged-when there's "a screw loose somewhere." I can well recollect, when quite a child, in 1815, during "The Hundred Days," seeing in one of our provincial towns-to the great horror of our nursery-maid-some young men belonging to respectable families, but wholly unmindful of common decency, cutting capers, stark naked, before the theatre in broad daylight; and after

wards, carrying their insanity a step further (which bordered on atrocity) in, by way of a lark, fastening one of this precious set to a spit, and making him turn before a fire until his broad whiskers were singed, and he ran the risk of being "done brown." Shelley and William Blake's faceti were much on a par with this. It is about as savage as when the natives in the Indian Archipelago, losing their senses from an excess of drink, run a muck with kris in hand, striking right and left every one they meet with.

P. A. L. BOSWELL (4th S. viii. 433.)-I do not think all your readers will consent to have poor Boswell disposed of in this way. Any tyro in literary history will tell you that he was not a great man; but he was unquestionably a great biographer. The very qualities of truthfulness and minuteness, which even Dr. Gray seems to despise, are the points in which so many more pretentious chroniclers are found wanting. Men of Boswell's stamp are wanted now-a-days, and it is too flippant to say that he was born two thousand years after his time, or that he was one of the smallest men that ever lived. He suffers, no doubt, in any comparison with the great luminary; but it appears to me that much may be deduced in his favour if Doctor Johnson could grant him so much of his society, unless it were the great man's weakness for the friendship of a small man. Will any Boswell turn up for Dickens or for Thackeray? WALTHEOF.

VISITING AND INVITATION CARDS (4th S. viii. 435.)-In "N. & Q." 4th S. ii. 118, DR. CHARLTON will find a reference and short quotation I forwarded on this subject, in further illustration of a note at p. 78 of the same volume. I have since come across the following passage in St. Ronan's Well, chap. xii. :—

"Is Mr. Tyrrel at home?' was the question; and the answer was conveyed by the counter-interrogation, Wha may ye be that speers ? ' As the most polite reply to this question, and an indulgence at the same time of his own taciturn disposition, the Captain presented to Luckie Dods the fifth part of an ordinary playing card, much grimed with snuff, which bore on its blank side his name and quality."

snufftaker, but innocent of a box. He always kept in his waistcoat pocket-capacious as a modern lady's reticule-a dry tobacco-leaf; which, under the effects of corporeal warmth, movement, and manipulation, supplied him powder enough for the day's nasality. Well do I remember my own continual post at the dear old man's side, and fingering his nicotian provender; his loving smile and the gentle twitch of his elbow. Forsan et hæc olim was beyond my juvenile classics. EDMUND LENTHALL SWIFTE.

FRITH-STOL AT BEVERLEY (4th S. viii. 452.) See Sanctuarium Dunelmense et Sanctuarium Beverlacense, Surtees Soc., 1837, and the works cited in the preface. I may also add references to Archeologia, xvii. 198; Gent. Mag. 1867: Thoms's ed. of Stow's Survey; Reports and Papers of the Assoc. Archit. Soc., 1860, v. 251-256; "N. & Q." 1st S. vi. 89; Cornhill Mag., July, 1869, 81, 85; Poulson's Hist. of Beverley, 687, 805; Oliver's Hist. of Beverley, 57, 341-2; Surtees's Waifs and Strays of North Humber History, 1864, 94, 105 (with drawings of the stools at Hexham and Sprotburgh). W. C. B.

Perhaps the only other instance in the kingdom of a frith-stool is that in the abbey church of Hexham, of which a drawing and description may be seen in vol. ii. of the Rev. Canon Raine's Priory of Hexham, published by the Surtees Society. The description is by Mr. Walbran of Ripon, who says:-"I have no doubt whatever that this is the cathedra of the Saxon bishops of Hexham"; adding in a note that the frith-stool at Beverley is almost identical with that of Hexham in shape, but is entirely devoid of ornament. THOMAS DOBSON.

PASSAGE IN PHILE? (4th S. viii. 285.) — I have been disappointed by no answer having appeared to this question, and now beg leave to propose the following conjectural criticism, at the same time requesting the classical reader to refer to the last edition of Phile ("ex codicibus escurialensibus, florentinis, etc., à Miller, Paris, 185557").

Sub

"It is difficult," observes your correspondent, "to make sense of the Greek as it stands.' stitute Παμφιλίᾳ for τῷ φιλίᾳ (cf. “ N. & Q. 41 S. vii. 439), and the difficulty is removed. See also Yates's Textrinum Antiquorum.

The very rare volume out of which I have here furnished a notice of Pamphila is thus described in the Catalogue of the Library of Baron Seymour Kirkup, of Florence, which was sold by Messrs. Sotheby, Wilkinson & Hodge in Dec. (days of sale, 6-16):

"Bergomensis (Jacobi Philippi) de plurimis claris

scelerisque (sic pro selectisque) Mulieribus Opus, numerous spirited woodcuts, folio. Containing the Lives of Pope Joan, Maid of Orleans, the Irish Saint Bridget,

"THE HARVEST MOON.-As there is an erroneous opinion prevailing amongst many persons unacquainted with astronomy, who are in the habit of demonstrating that the harvest moon occurs at the time of harvest, let that happen when it may, the following may not prove unacceptable to such of our readers. The moon during the week in which she is full, about the time of harvest, rises sooner after sunsetting, and with less difference between the two successive risings, than she does in any other full moon week in the year. By these means she affords an almost immediate supply of light after sunset, which is very beneficial for gathering in the harvest and fruits of the earth. Hence this full moon is distinguished from all others in the year by the appellation of the harvest moon. To conceive the reason of this, it may be first considered that the moon is always opposite to the sun when she is in full; that she is full in the signs of Pisces and Aries in August and September, those being the signs opposite to Virgo and Libra, the signs occupied by the sun in that season; and that those two parts of the ecliptic in which the moon then is to rise from the horizon in northern latitudes in a smaller angle, and of course equal spaces in shorter intervals of time, than any other points, as may be easily shown by the celestial globe; consequently, since the moon's orbit deviates not much from the ecliptic, she rises with less difference of time, and more immediately after sunset about harvest than when she is full at other seasons of the year. The sun enters Libra on the 23rd of September,

and the full moon which is nearest that day is properly

speaking the harvest moon.'

THOS. RATCLIFFE.

CRAMAILLIÈRES (4th S. viii. 452.)-The word, at least now-a-days, is written crémaillère (not cramaillières), from Koeudw, I suspend. "Crémaillère, ustensile de cuisine en fer, dentelé, qu'on met dans la cheminée pour suspendre les marmites." Giving one's friends a good feast on first occupying a new apartment the French call "pendre la crémaillère." The Rue d'Escosse, or des Écossais, would more probably have obtained its name from the Scotch Guard (temp. Lewis XI. and Quentin Durward, or Francis II. and Mary Queen o Scots), than from the Swiss Guard. P. A. L.

Your correspondent J. M. will find on referring to any good Guide to Paris that the Rue St. Hilaire and Rue d'Écosse still exist in the fifth arrondissement of that city, a division embracing a portion of the most ancient part of Paris. The Rue d'Écosse (anciently spelt Escosse) is the Street of Scotland, and no doubt took its name from the near proximity of the Collège des Écossais, situated in the Rue des Amandiers (Sainte

The

Geneviève), from the date of its foundation in 1325 (by David, Bishop of Moray in Scotland, and again by James Beatoun, or De Béthune, Archbishop of Glasgow, in 1603), until 1665, when it was removed to its present site, 33, Rue des Fosses St. Victor, in the same locality. chapel attached to this college was erected in 1672, and dedicated to St. Andrew. Here is the monument erected to the memory of the unfortunate James II., who died at St. Germain-enLaye, Sept. 16, 1701. There was formerly (if not now) an urn on this monument, which contained the brain of that king, he having (it is said) bequeathed his head, heart, and intestines to the English, Scotch, and Irish colleges in Paris. Here also are monumental tablets in memory of Dukes of Perth, Baron Dunford, Dr. Lewis Innes (confessor to James II.), and other persons. In the same arrondissement are situate the Collège des Anglais in the Rue des Anglais, and the Collège

I fail to

des Irlandais in the Rue des Irlandais. trace any link whatever between "Escosse Scotland-and the "Swiss Guard" mentioned by your correspondent. CHARLES MASON.

3, Gloucester Crescent, Hyde Park. NED PURDON (4th S. viii. 453.)-The following entry in the books of T. C. D. with reference to this person will be read with interest :-"1744, Julii 28°-Edwardus Purdon Pens-Filius Edwardi Clerici-Annum agens 15-Natus in Comitatu Limerick-Educatus sub ferula Ma. Jessop -Tutor Mr. Holt." Having wasted his patrimony, Purdon enlisted as a foot soldier. Growing tired of that employment, he procured his disWith the exception of the Life of Voltaire and charge, and became a scribbler in the newspapers. the translation of the Henriade, he produced nothing worth remembering, nor attempted anything above petty pamphlets or writings of that description. For an abusive pamphlet agains the performers of Drury Lane, particularly Mossop, he was obliged to make an abject apology, to which was subjoined another from his publisher Pottinger, who pleaded ignorance of its contents, which appeared in the London Chronicle. Oct. 13-15, 1759. Purdon, who was long known to be one of Goldsmith's pensioners, died as he had lived-in penury; and it was, perhaps, with reference to him and others, whom he avows to have known in the same unfortunate situation, that we find the following passage on the effects of hunger in Animated Nature:

"The lower race of animals, when satisfied for the instant moment, are perfectly happy; but it is otherwise with man; his mind anticipates distress, and feels the pangs of want even before it arrests him. Thus the mind being continually harassed by the situation, it at length in

fluences the constitution and unfits it for all its functions. Some cruel disorder, but no way like hunger, seizes the

unhappy sufferer; so that almost all those men who have thus lived by chance, and whose every day may be con

sidered as a happy escape from famine, are known at last to die in reality of a disorder caused by hunger, but which in common language is often called a broken heart. Some of these I have known myself when very little able to relieve them."

Goldsmith is said to have borrowed the point of the well-known epitaph from De Cailly. R. W. H. NASH, B.A.

5, Florinda Place, Dublin. RICHARDSON AND CLARISSA (4th S. viii. 453.) There is no doubt that Richardson was solicited to spare the virtue, as well as the life, of Clarissa. It is rather singular that an urgent appeal with respect to the former was made by the more than questionable Lætitia Pilkington, who quotes the opinion of Colley Cibber in support of her request. She says: "If she" (Clarissa) "must die, if her heart must break, let her make a triumphant exit, arrayed in white-robed purity." And proceeds in the same letter, with a candour that disarms rebuke: "Consider, if this wounds both Mr. Cibber and me (who neither of us set up for immaculate chastity), what must it do with those who possess that inestimable treasure."-Correspondence of Samuel Richardson, 1804, vol. i. cx. (Life, by Mrs. Barbauld), and vol. ii. p. 130.

CHARLES WYLIE.

Camden's Remaines concerning Britaine,
1636, p. 392.

BIBLIOTHECAR. CHETHAM.

"HISTORY IS PHILOSOPHY TEACHING BY EXAMPLES (4th S. viii. 437.)-The above dictum from Bolingbroke, and that essayist's remark "I have read it somewhere in Dionysius of Halicarnassus"-are quoted by DR. RAMAGE, with a friendly challenge to myself in particular to assist him in finding the passage in question. I therefore reply, that it may be found in the Ars Rhetorica of Dionysius, chap. xi. sec. 2, p. 212 (Tauchnitz text): Τοῦτο καὶ Θουκυδίδης ἔοικε λέγειν περὶ ἱστορίας λέγων· ὅτι καὶ ἱστορία φιλοσοφία ἐστὶν ἐκ παραδειγμάτων. Then follows a quotation from Thucydides, i. 22, 4; but the dictum itself is due to the rhetorician, not to the historian, as is sometimes supposed. J. E. SANDYS.

St. John's Coll. Cambridge.

NOVELS FOUNDED ON EGYPT (4th S. viii. 185, 270, 426.) The Priest of the Nile: a Tale of

JACOBITE CIPHERS (4th S. viii. 415.)-This appears to be a very simple form of cipher-the substitution of one letter for another. The key word dyometrical, it will be observed, contains no duplicates, and embraces nearly half the alphabet; the rest of which follows (or should follow) in alphabetical order, omitting such letters as have already been made use of, viz. B F (in lieu of the first H) G H K N P Q S V W X Z, and being placed in equal rows would read thus: D for F, F for D, Y for G, G for Y, and so on. Substituting then q for g in some instances, as suggested, the ciphered paragraphs would run thus: Kwqlowxx FnIpqnn Wfk(1)hqwxx

Femn Wxznkwqxn Vowqxi Wffnqxng

P(ff)hen

Ewqzhqqhai

Fepng Awqqi

Marshall.
Déstree.
Adm(?)yrall.
Duke.

Albemarle.

Charls.

Adderley.
T(yr?)one.
Narborrows.*

Dutch.

Warrs.

I am at a loss to account for the "it" before "Vowqxi," as also for the "I" in the third ciphered word, and the double f in the eighth; but these may possibly be errors of transcriptiona question which could only be decided by careful inspection of the original document.

The clue I have here given may possibly be sufficient for your correspondent; but if I can privately render him any further assistance, I shall be happy to do so if he will write me on the subject. CHAS. PETTET.

13, Oxford Villas, Hammersmith.

It is not easy to decipher without a complete example before one; but I can make one suggestion to MR. PAGET which may possibly enable him to read the letters, or more probably the secret messages contained in them.

In the examples given, H followed by a colon does not occur; while F, which is found in the examples, is not found in the key. Can one of the Hs be a mistake for F? I think so; for if we change the first H into F, the key will consist of the word diametrical, spelled dyometrical to avoid the repetition of any letter, followed by all the remaining letters of the alphabet in order. The advantage of this is obvious, as easy to carry the key in the memory without committing it to paper.

Now to the examples:-"Femn Wxznkwgxn" is Duke Albemarle; "vowqxi Wffnqxng" is Charls Adderley; and "fepuo awqqi" is Dutch

* An evident allusion to Sir John Narborough, at that time a Commissioner of the Navy, and a Jacobite to his death in 1688.

wars. The remainder of the examples will not translate; but I fancy it was not uncommon to write a lot of nonsense with the true message, as an additional safeguard against its being read. MR. PAGET will easily be able to tell if this is so by taking a whole letter, and seeing if a sensible message can be extracted from it. T. W. G.

"ASPIDE QUID PEJUS," ETC. (4th S. viii. 418.)This epigram is evidently a copy, or a parody on a well-known epigram (I do not know the author):

"Cortice quid levius? pulvis. Quid pulvere? Ventus. Quid vento? meretrix. Quid meretrice? Nihil." The penult of muliere is short, so the word cannot occur in an hexameter or pentameter line.

Dublin Library.

H.

THE STIGMATA OF ST. FRANCIS AND OTHERS (4th S. viii. 325.)-This story (omitted in Petit's edition) was probably one of the "interpolations et additions" of Henri Wircksburg. (See Brunet, Manuel, tom. ii. p. 1187, 5th edit., art. "Fasciculus.") According to Brunet, the Fasciculus of Rolewinck was continued by J. Linturius to A.D. 1514.

Fasciculus Temporum.-This requires a separate notice; for I possess a copy of the Fasciculus (Paris, Jehan Petit), which was unknown to Brunet, and which brings down the chronicles six years later than the editions he describes, viz. to 1518. It ends at the verso of fo. xcii. thus:

"Explicit fasciculr t'pm. cũ. pluribus additionibus in nullis antea libris posite: videlicet, ab anno M.D.xii., usque ad annum Virginai partus M.D.XXXviii., expensis

honesti viri Johannis Parvi," etc. (Jehan Petit.)

On the following unpaged folio is a colophon, a spirited wood engraving of the Annunciation of the B. V. Mary.

Brunet appears to have known none of the late

Paris editions.

R. J. R. CERDIC AND ODIN (4th S. viii. 479.)-The descent of Cerdic from Woden is traced in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles, sub anno 552.

Dorchester.

W. G. STONE.

Florence of Worcester gives Cerdic's genealogy as follows:

"Cerdic was the son of Elesa, who was son of Esla, who was son of Gewis, who was son of Wig, who was son of Freawine, who was son of Freothegar, who was son of Brand, who was son of Bealdeag, who was son of Woden." G. M. T.

DRUIDS AND GREEKS (4th S. viii. 479.)-The author of The Amenities of Literature had probably the following passage in his mind when he wrote the sentence quoted by your correspondent:

"Neque fas esse existimant ea literis mandare, quum in reliquis fere rebus, publicis privatisque rationibus

3, Gloucester Crescent, Hyde Park.

WREKIN (4th S. viii. 480.)-This name may be connected with that of the neighbouring Uriconium, the derivation of which I attempted some time since in "N. & Q." Or it may come from the British yr uch wyn, or y crug wyn-"the fair eminence or mound"; or simply from y crugyn, "the hillock." Hillock, however, is scarcely the proper term for so considerable an eminence as the Wrekin. R. S. CHARNOCK.

Gray's Inn.

TEMPLE COWLEY (4th S. viii. 454.)- Your Correspondent JUNII NEPOS inquires about an old in question is well known to me, but I had never house at Temple Cowley, near Oxford. The house previously heard that it was of anything like the antiquity he would assign to it. Its appearance (external) would rather indicate late sixteenth century work, but if possible I will endeavour to obtain access to the interior. It is well known that the Knights Templars had a church here, for in their "Lieger Book" we read that in 1148 Robert D'Oilly and Edith his wife granted them land to the value of six shillings and fourpence per annum towards "the dedication of their churche at Covele," near Oxford. The charters also confirming this grant by Matilda and King Stephen are printed by Dugdale. At the present time, however, not a trace of this Templars church is to be seen, and the very site is unknown; but this may partly be accounted for by the fact that either in Edward I.'s reign or in Henry III.'s they removed their house from Cowley. The present church is erected on the foundations of another twelfth century church, which is also mentioned in the same records.

The chapel referred to by your correspondent as existing between Cowley and Headington is still standing, and in very fair preservation. It is