Non-regents, gradually admitted to share in university legislation, 142; the term explained, 361 Norfolk, county of, many of the Cam-
bridge Reformers natives of, 563 Normans, influence of the, in Eng-
land prior to the Conquest, 67 Northampton, migrations to, from Oxford and Cambridge, 135 Norwold, Hugh, bp. of Ely, his services to the Hospital of St. John the Evangelist, 223
Notation, Arabic system of, intro- duced by Gerbert, 43
Nora Ars, the, its introduction greatly increased the attention given to logic, 313
Novum Instrumentum of Erasmus,
508; why so called, ib. n. 2; de- fects and errors in, 510; its great merit, 511; its patrons, ib.; dedi. cated to Leo 1, 512; sarcastic allu sions in, ib.; name changed to Novum Testamentum, 523
Oath, administered to regents of Ox- ford, and Cambridge, not to teach in any other English university, 135, n. 1; of submission, taken by chancellors of the university, to the bishops of Ely, 287, n. 2; im- posed on masters and fellows of colleges, 454, 455
Obbarius, his opinion of the religion
of Boethius quoted, 29, n. 2 Oblati, the term explained, 19, note 2 Occam, William of, his De Potestate opposed to the papal claims found. ed on the canon law, 36, 187; the demagogue of scholasticism,' ib.: extends the scholastic en- quiries to the province of nomi- nalism, ib.; his chief service to Fhilosophy, 189; disclaims the ap plication of logic to theolegical difficulties, 191; falls under the papal censure, 195; his escape from Avignon, ib.; styled by pope John xx the Doctor Invincibilis, 196; compared with Bradwardine, 203, n. 1; his attack on the politi- cal power of the pope struck at the study of the canon law, 259; his De Potestate, 260
Odo, bishop of Bayeux, regarded none but Benedictines as true monks, 82
Odo, abbat of Clugni, hostile to
pagan learning, 18; pupil of Remy of Auxerre, 69; sustains the tra dition of Alcuin's teaching, ib.; acquires a reputatior. as having read throuch Priscian, 104, n. 1 Olleris, M., his edition of the works of Gerbert, 42; his view respecting intercourse of Gerbert with the Saracens, 43, n. 2
Ordinarie, fellows of Gonville Hall required to lecture, for one year, 217; lecturing, meaning of the phrase, Append. (E)
'Ordinary' lectures, meaning of the phrase, 358 and Apperd. (E) Oresme, Nicolas, master of the col- lege of Navarre, 128; his remark- able attainments, ib. n. 1 Origen, highly esteemed by Erasm18,
501; studied by some of the Cam- bridge Reformers, 598, n. 4 Orleans, migration to, from Paris in 1228, 107
Orosius, a text-book during the
Middle Ages, 21; his 'Histories' characterised by Ozanam, 22; pre- pared at the request of Augustine, ib.; description of the work, 23 Ottringham, master of Michaeilouse,
borrows a treatise by Petrarch, 433 Ouse, the river, its ancient and pre- sent points of unction with the Cam, 329, 330; its course as de- scribed by Spenser, 330
Oxford, controversies in the schools of, described by John of Salisbury, 56; university of, probable origin of, 80; town of, burnt to the ground in 1009, 82; early statutes of, probably borrowed from those of Paris, 3; teachers from Paris at, ib.; students from Faris at, 107; intercourse of, with university of Paris, 131; monastic foundations at, in the time of Walter de Mer- ton, 165; intellectual activity of, at the commencement of the 14th century, 171; in the 14th century compared with Paris, 196; takes the lead in thought, in the 14th century, 213; her claim to have given the earliest teachers to Paris, ib. n. 1; resistance offered by, to architp. Arundel, 259, n. 2, a stronghold of Wyelitism, 271; schools of, deserted in the year 1438, 297 and n. 2; want of schools for exercises at, 299; divinity schools at, first opened, 300; friends of ErasiLus at, 476; Erasinus's
account of, 490; state of feeling at, with reference to the new learn- ing, 523; changes at, 524; Greek at, ib.; unfavorably contrasted by More with Cambridge, 526; el air of Greek founded at, ib.; outstrip- ped, according to Croke, by Cam- bridge, 534; eminent men of learning who favored, ib.; styled by Croke, colonia a Cantabrigia deducta, 539; resigns its statutes into Wolsey's hands, 549; contri- butions of colleges of, to the royal loan, 551, n. 1; Luther's writings burnt at, 571; spread of the re- formed doctrines at, by means of the Cambridge colony, 604; un- favorably compared with Cam- bridge by Mr. Froude in connexion with the question of the royal divorce, 616; Cromwell's commis- sioners at, 629
'Oxford fare,' not luxurious, 371
Pace, Rich., pleads the cause of the Grecians at Oxford with Henry VII, 526; one of Wolsey's victims, 548; his character as described by Erasmus, ib. n. 3
Pacomins, the monachism of, con- trasted with that of the Benedio- tines, 86
Padua, university of, its foundation the result of a migration from Bologna, 80
Pazet, W., a convert of Bilney,
563; lectured on Melanchthon's Rhetoric at Trinity Hall, ib. Pain Peverell, changes the canons of
St. Giles to Augustinian canons, 163, n. 1; removes them to Barn- well, ib.
Pandects, see Civil law
Pantalion, Anchier, his student life at Paris, 130
Paris, Matthew, his account of the riot in Paris in 1228, 107; his description of the condnet of the Mendicants, 147; manuscript of his Historia Major wed, ib. n. 1; his testimony to the character of Grosseteste, 153; his comment on the nomination of Adam de Manseo to the see of Ely, 224; his account of a wonderful trans format on in the fen country, 331 Paris, university of, requirements of, with respect to civil and non
law, 38, n. 1; in the 12th century, 58; the model for Oxford and Cambridge, 67; supplies important presumptive evidence with respe to their early organisatora ta; chief school of arts and tum. ✡ in the 12th century, 71; £14 known application of the
university' to, id.; com; ared wa that of Ba, 75; tum character of its early teachin its early discipline, 75; st not permitti to vite st, commencement of its fester. brity, 77; nat. rs' in 7* hostility to the pop its scealar associal as ex by M. V. Le Clerc, ib.; e.- with the citizens, in 1. colleges of, ib.; sixteen in the 13th century, 1^, n pression of the smal 129; me lival eitrat have been regard unless completed at, th; of stults at, to murie tu of the 16th century, 10 da fnence in the thr
132; tlen's from, at 11. Caribr. 1, 133; v.
'crical boy always question, 16 ̧n 1,:. :- trines forladen at, 14 ence of leadership of th to Oxford, 213; i first rufessors to the Unf ri ciscans, 1. n. 1; re.a ze ence in the 15th century, 2 tion of its intere
and Cambrige, in ; e the supreme cralext E cales of decline of i made by the popsto.c prestige, 2×2; but mequent re of, to the Enoch universi asistane to bed rived statutes in studying the of Oxford ar 1 Cam'r. 1- them, itical style at, in tury, 352; reputat a of inencement of 19th L. ceases to be European in ments, 15, n. 2 Parker, Matthew, fel of C- attended mechings at le Horse, 573
Parker, Bi h., error in Ls 3o Cam ride with renent of the burting of Laimes a 571, n. 5
Peacock, dean, his observations on discrepancies in the different Sta- tuta Antiqua, 110, n. 1; question raised by, with reference to dis- pensation oaths, 456; inaccuracy in his statement with respect to Christ's College, ib. n. 3 Pecock, Reginald, an eclectic, 290; mistaken by Foxe for a Lollard, ib.; really an Ultramontanist, ib.; his belief in logic, 291; asserts the rights of reason against dogma, ib.; repudiated the absolute autho rity of both the fathers and the schoolmen, 292; advocated sub- mission to the temporal authority of the pope, ib.; denied the right of individuals to interpret Scripture, 293; disliked much preaching, 294; his cccentric defence of the bishops, ib.; offended both parties, 295; at- tacks the doctrines of the Church, ib.; his enemies at Cambridge, ib.; his character by prof. Babington, ib. n. 2; possibly a political suf- ferer, 296; his doctrines forbidden at the university, ib. and n. 4 Pembroke College, foundation of, 236; earliest statutes of, no longer extant, 237; outline of the revised statutes of, ib. n. 2; lending fea- tures of these statutes, 238; scho- lars, in the modern sense, first so named at, ib.; grammar first in- cluded in the college course at, ib.; limitations of fellowships to differ. ent counties at, ib.; preference to be given to natives of France at, 239; its reputation in the 15th century, 314; early catalogue of the library of, 324; Fox, bp. of Winchester, master of, 465 Pensioners, first admitted by statute,
at Christ's College, 459; evils re- sulting from indiscriminate admis- sion of, 624
Percival, Mr. E. F., his edition of the foundation statutes of Merton College, 159, n. 4; his assertion
respecting Roger Bacon, ib.; quoted, on Walter de Merton's design in the foundation of Merton College, 164, n. 1
Persius, lectures on, by Gerbert at Rheims, 44; nine copies of, in library of Christchurch, Canter- bury, 104
Peter of Blois, account attributed to him of the university of Cam- bridge, spurious, 66
Peterhouse, foundation of, 228; be- comes possessed of the site of the friary De Pænitentia Jesu, 229; final arrangement between, and the brethren of St.John the Evangelist, ib.; prosperity of the society, ib.; patronised by Fordham, bp. of Ely, ib; early statutes of, given by Simon Montacute, 230; early statutes of, copied from those of Merton Col. lege, Oxford, ib.; character of the foundation, 231; azars at, ib.; all meals at, to be taken in com- mon, 232; the clerical dress and tonsure incumbent on the scholars of, ib.; non-monastic character of, 233; fellowships at, to be vacated by those succeeding to benefices of a certain value, 231; its code com- pared by dean Peacock with those of later foundations, ib. n. 1; allowance for fellows' commons at, in 1510, 251, n. 2; cardinal Beaufort a ponsioner at, 310; cata- logue of the library of, ann. 1418, 824; illustration afforded by the original catalogue of the library of, 370, n. 1; evils resulting from ex- travagant living at, 460; Hornby master of, 465
Petition of Parliament against ap pointment of ecclesiastics to offices of state, 267
Petrarch, notice of the infidelity of his day by, 124 and n. 2; com- pares the residence at Avignon to the Babylonish captivity, 195; his interview with Richard of Bury at Avignon, 201; his reproach of the university of Paris, as chiefly en- nobled by Italian genius, 214; scene in the early youth of, 379; his esti- mate of the learning of the uni- versities in his day, 3×2; his in- fluence, ib.; change in the modern estimate of his genius explained, 883; his Latin style, ib.; his ser- vices to the study of Cicero, 384, 385, n. 1; his knowledge of Greek,
385; his instinctive appreciation of Plato, 386; he initiates the struggle against Aristotle, ib.; his position compared with that of Aquinas, ib.; rejected the ethical system of Aristotle, 387; succes- sors of, ib.; his prophecy of the fate that awaited the schoolmen, 432; copy of his Letters in the original catalogue of the library of Peter- house, 433
Petrus Hispanus, 176; not the ear- liest translator of Psellus, ib.; nu- merous editions of his Summulæ, 178; theory enunciated by the trea- tise, 180; its extensive use in the Middle Ages, 350
Philelphus, his statement respecting
Greek learning at Constantinople in the fifteenth century, 175, n. 1; account given by, of Constantinople in the year 1141, 300 Philip Augustus, decline of the epis-
copal and monastic schools com- mences with his reign, 68
Philip the Fair, of France, his strug
gle with Boniface vin, 194 Picot, sheriff, though a Norman, founds secular canons at St. Giles, 163, n. 1
Pike, regarded as a delicacy in for- mer days, 374, n. 2
Pisa, council of, representatives from both the universities present at, 276
Pisa, university of, founded in the 13th century, 80
Plague, the Great, 241; its effects on the universities, ib.
Plague, the, often followed upon the visits of illustrious personages, 542, n. 2
Plato, Timaus of, translated into Latin by Chalcidius, 41; his theory of Universals described by Por phyry as translated by Boethius, 52; Timaus of, probably meant in catalogues of libraries at Bee and at Christchurch, Canterbury, 104; Dialogmes of, brought by Wm. Gray to England, 397
Pledges allowed to be given by stu dents, 144, n. 1 Plessis-Sorbonne, Collége de, founda- tion of, 129
Porno Bracciolini, visits England in the 15th century, 297; nature of his impressions, 298; his descrip tion of the spirit in which the civil law was studied in Italy, 319, n. 2;
his quarrel with the Frame Ch serventie, 837; exposes the fru tions character of the Decreas, 420
Politian, professor of both Greek al Latin at Florence, 423; Ls 2. lanea, ib.; the classical lecturer at C. C. C., Oxford, ordered to iera on the work, 521, n. 2 Polydore Vergil, not the sele of the statement that death of Stafford to Weise, sentment, 54, n. 2 Pope, the, reason why kit
was originally sonzut at the f ation of a Bn.ver.iy. T Arignon, of posed by the E: Franciscans, 193; caths in early codege statutes dispensations from te spect to fellow»lin cath, Porphyry, Isa ne cf, lecture Gerbert at Rhein 9, 46; philosophy owes its or sentence in, 50; the ps ted, ib.; the passage à Middle Ages in two tru 51; influen it was ca exercise on plul mph, da Prævaricator, the, in arsisene cises, 356
Pragmatie Sanction, the, we~ D France independene of a 281
Prague, university of, 1- model of Faris, 74, c. nations at, 79, n. 2 f connexion with the mo Oxfor 1, 215; its pres of study adopted by the wr of Leipe. 2-2, n. 2. tained by Paris in eens the creation of, 344; less by the non inalistic eat 416
Prantl, Carl, on the re-
eenragement given be Frederic to the new AL n. 1; his cot arribat a scholastic Art Ge, 104, L tor's obli, ata na to 1.0 GPA der Logik, 175; his etsem on the extensive ar
Byzantine loze, 172, 1. of Oeram's plikseply is Preaching, glect of, sa century, 47
Prichard, Jas, C., on d **
tween use of the fose Iwere lat Hinemar and Nich-ian, 34, mi
Priories, alien, appropriation of the revenues of, to endow colleges, 303; Gough's account of, 304; first se- questration of their estates, ih.; act for the suppression of, in 1402, ib.; confiscation of, by archbp. Chicheley, 305
Priscian, an authority in the Middle Ages, 22; numerous copies of, at Christchurch, Canterbury, 104 Proctors, the two, collected the votes of the regents, 143; empowered to call a congregation, ib.; their dif fereat functions, 144
Professors at the university of Bo- logna, 73
Provisors, statute of, its operation nnfavorable to the university,
24; Huber's comments on the fact, 286; Lingard's ditto, ib., n. 1 Paellus, Michael Constantine, 176; his treatise on logic, ib.; transla- tion of the same by Petrus His- panus, ib.
Public Orator, Richard Croke elected
first, 539; privileges of the oflice, ib.
Pullen, Robt., his work supposed to have suggested the Sentences, 59, n. 2; his Sentences compared with those of Peter Lombard, 83; use to which his name is put by An- thony Wood, ib.; account of his teaching by the same, ib.; a str dent at the university of Paris, 131 Pythagoras, the school of,' period to which it belongs, 332
Quadrivium of the Roman schools,
24 Queens' College, scholars of, forbid.
den to embrace the doctrines of Wyclif or Pecock, 297, n. 1; found- ation of, 312; first founded as Queen's College in 1418, 315; statutes of, given by Elizabeth Woodville in 1475, ib.; first pro- perly styled Queens' College, 316; statutes of, given at petition of Andrew Doket, ib.; studies and lectureships at, ib.; early catalogue of the library of, 324; bp. Fisher appointed to the presidency of, 416; residence of Erasmus at, 472 Questionist, the, meaning of the term explained, 352; ceremony observed by, 353
Quintilian, Institutes of Lupus of Ferrières writes for a copy of, 20; studied as a model under Bernard of Chartres, 57; style of, imi- tated by Croke, 529; preferred by Linacre to that of Cicero, ib. n. 1 Quirinus, his lament on the destruc- tion of the literary treasures of Constantinople, 400
Rabanus Maurus, pupil of Alcuin at Tours, 54; gloss by, on Boethius, erroneously quoted by Mr. Lewes, ib.; the gloss quoted, ib. n. 2; his commentary on Boethius, accord- ing to Cousin, proves that the dis pute respecting Universals was familiar to the ninth century, 55, n. 1; sustains the tradition of Alcuin's teaching, 69; according to bp. Fisher, educated at Cam- bridge, 450
Rancé, De, his attack on the study of the classics, 18 Ratramnus, opposes doctrine of real
presence maintained by Paschasing, 40; Ridley's testimony to his in- fluence, ib. n. 3
Bealism, doctrines of, favored a be lief in the doctrine of the Trinity, 55
Reason, the, inadequacy of, accord- ing to Aquinas in attaining to truth, 111
Rectors at the university of Bologna,
Rede, sir Robt., fellow of King's Hall, 518
Rede lectureships, foundation of, 518
Reformation, the, took its rise in Eng- land, partly from opposition to the canon law, 36; its relations to the new learning in Italy and in Ger- many compared, 414; different theories respecting the origin of, 553; began in England at Cam bridge, 554; not a developement from Lollardism, 555; to be traced to the influence of Erasmus's Greek Testament, ib.; its spread in the eastern counties, 5€3, n. 3 Reformers, the Cambridge, meetings of, 572; chief names anong, 573; character of the proceedings of, ib.; not all young men, 574; their meetings reported in London, 575;
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