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work is done. Then drop the mantle to some young Elisha, and take your seats with kindred spirits in your native skies.

AN ORATION,

He was blessed with a complacency of disposition and equanimity of temper, which peculiarly endeared him to his friends, and which, added to the deportment of the gentleman, commanded reverence and esteem even from his enemies.

Such was the tender sensibility of his soul, that he need but see distress to feel it, and contribute to its relief. He was deaf to the calls of interest even in the course of his pro

Delivered at the King's Chapel in Boston, April 8, 1776, on the re-interment of the remains of the late Most Worshipful Grand-fession: and wherever he beheld an indigen master Joseph Warren, Esquire, President of the late Congress of this Colony, and Major Gen-object, which claimed his healing skill, he aderal of the Massachusetts forces, who was slain ministered it, without even the hope of any in the battle of Bunker's-hill, June 17, 1775.

other reward than that which resulted from the reflection of having so far promoted the happiness of his fellow-men.

In the social departments of life, practising upon the strength of that doctrine, he used so

BY PEREZ MORTON, M. M. Illustrious relics!-What tidings from the grave? why hast thou left the peaceful man-earnestly to inculcate himself, that nothing so sions of that tomb, to visit again this troubled earth! art thou the welcome messenger of peace! art thou risen again to exhibit thy glorious wounds, and through them proclaim | salvation to thy country! or art thou come to demand the last debt of humanity, to which your rank and merit have so justly entitled you -but which has been so long ungenerously withheld! and art thou angry at the barbarous usage? be appeased, sweet ghost! for though thy body has long laid undistinguished among the vulgar dead, scarce privileged with earth enough to hide it from the birds of prey; though not a friendly sigh was uttered o'er thy grave; and though the execration of an impious foe, were all thy funeral knells; yet, matchless patriot! thy memory has been embalmed in the affections of thy grateful countrymen ; who, in their breasts, have raised eternal monuments to thy bravery!

But let us leave the beloved remains, and contemplate for a moment, those virtues of the man, the exercise of which have so deservedly endeared him to the honest among the great, and the good among the humble.

much conduced to enlighten mankind, and advance the great end of society at large, as the frequent interchange of sentiments, in friendly meeting; we find him constantly engaged in this eligible labor; but on none did he place so high a value, as on that most honorable of all detached societies, The Free and Accepted Masons: into this fraternity he was early initiated; and after having given repeated proofs of a rapid proficiency in the arts, and after evidencing by his life, the professions of his lips-finally, as the reward of his merit, he was commissioned The Most Worshipful Grand-Master of all the ancient Masons, through North America.—And you, brethren, are living testimonies, with how much honor to himself, and benefit to the craft universal, he discharged the duties of his elevated trust; with what sweetened accents he courted your attention, while, with wisdom, strength, and beauty, he instructed his lodges in the secret arts of Freemasonry; what perfect order and decorum he preserved in the government of them; and, in all his conduct, what a bright example he set us, to live within compass and act upon the square.

With what pleasure did he silence the wants of poor and pennyless brethren; yea, the necessitous every where, though ignorant of the mysteries of the craft, from his benefac

In the private walks of life, he was a pattern for mankind. The tears of her, to whom the world is indebted for so much virtue, are silent heralds of his filial piety; while his tender offspring, in lisping out their father's care, proclaim his parental affection; and an Adamstions, felt the happy effects of that institution can witness with how much zeal he loved, where he had formed the sacred connexion of a friend :—their kindred souls were so closely twined, that both felt one joy, both one affliction. In conversation he had the happy talent of addressing his subject both to the under- The fates, as though they would reveal, in standing and the passions; from the one he the person of our Grand-master, those mysforced conviction, from the other he stole assent. I teries which have so long lain hid from the

which is founded on faith, hope and charity. And the world may cease to wonder, that he so readily offered up his life, on the altar of his country, when they are told that the main pillar of masonry is the love of mankind.

world, have suffered him, like the great master- | integrity and services as a patriot, through all builder in the temple of old, to fall by the posterity. hands of ruffians, and be again raised in honor and authority: we searched in the field for the murdered son of a widow, and we found him, by the turf and the twig, buried on the brow of a hill, though not in a decent grave. And though we must again commit his body to the tomb, yet our breasts shall be the burying spot of his masonic virtues, and there

"An adamantine monument we'll rear,

"With this inscription," Masonry" lies here."— In public life, the sole object of his ambition was, to acquire the conscience of virtuous enterprises; amor patrie was the spring of his actions, and mens conscia recti was his guide. And on this security he was, on every occasion, ready to sacrifice his health, his interest, and his ease, to the sacred calls of his country. When the liberties of America were attacked, he appeared an early champion in the contest and though his knowledge and abilities would have insured riches and preferment (could he have stooped to prostitution) yet he nobly withstood the fascinating charm, tossed fortune back her plume, and pursued the inflexible purpose of his soul, in guiltless competence.

He sought not the airy honors of a name, else many of those publications which, in the early period of our controversy, served to open the minds of the people, had not appeared anonymous. In every time of eminent danger, his fellow-citizens flew to him for advice; like the orator of Athens, he gave it and dispelled their fears :-twice did they call him to the rostrum to commemorate the massacre of their brethren; and from that instance, in persuasive language he taught them, not only the dangerous tendency, but the actual mischief, of stationing a military force in a free city, in a time of peace.-They learnt the profitable lesson and penned it among their grievances.

But his abilities were too great, his deliberations too much wanted, to be confined to the limits of a single city, and at a time when our liberties were most critically in danger from the secret machinations and open assaults of our enemies, this town, to their lasting honor, elected him to take a part in the councils of the state. And with what faithfulness he discharged the important delegation, the neglect of his private concerns, and his unwearied attendance on that betrustment, will sufficiently testify; and the records of that virtuous assembly will remain the testimonials of his accomplishments as a statesman, and his

The congress of our colony could not observe so much virtue and greatness without honoring it with the highest mark of their favor, and by the free suffrages of that uncorrupted body of freemen, he was soon called to preside in the senate-where, by his daily counsels and exertions, he was constantly promoting the great cause of general liberty.

But when he found the tools of oppression were obstinately bent on violence; when he found the vengeance of the British court must be glutted with blood; he determined, that what he could not effect by his eloquence or his pen, he would bring to purpose by his sword. And on the memorable 19th of April, he appeared in the field under the united characters of the general, the soldier, and the physician. Here he was seen animating his countrymen to battle, and fighting by their side, and there he was found administering healing comforts to the wounded. And when he had repelled the unprovoked assaults of the enemy, and had driven them back into their strong-holds, like the virtuous chief of Rome, he returned to the senate, and presided again at the councils of the fathers.

When the vanquished foe had rallied their disordered army, and by the acquisition of fresh strength, again presumed to fight against freemen, our patriot, ever anxious to be where he could do the most good, again put off the senator, and, in contempt of danger, flew to the field of battle, where, after a stern, and almost victorious resistance, ah! too soon for his country! he sealed his principles with his blood-then

"Freedom wept, that merit could not save,"

But Warren's manes "must enrich the grave." Enriched indeed! and the heights of Charlestown shall be more memorable for thy fall, than the Plains of Abraham are for that of the hero of Britain. For while he died contending for a single country, you fell in the cause of virtue and mankind.

The greatness of his soul shone even in the moment of death; for, if fame speaks true, in his last agonies he met the insults of his barbarous foe with his wonted magnanimity, and with the true spirit of a soldier, frowned at their impotence.

In fine, to complete the great characterlike Harrington he wrote-like Cicero he spoke—like Hampden he lived-and like Wolfe he died.

And can we, my countrymen, with indifference behold so much valor laid prostrate by

cre of the 5th of March: but the occasion of his second appointment for that purpose is not generally known-Mr. Knapp, in his "biographical sketches," just published, has given the following interesting explanation of it, which is in concurrence with the daring spirit of the man, who was always foremost in danger.]

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the hand of British tyranny! and can we | his fellow citizens on the subject of the massaever grasp that hand in affection again? are we not yet convinced “that he who hunts the woods for prey, the naked and untutored Indian, is less a savage than the king of Britain!" have we not proofs, wrote in blood, that the corrupted nation, from whence we sprang, (though there may be some traces of their ancient virtue left) are stubbornly fixed on our destruction and shall we still court a dependence on such a state? still contend for a connexion with those who have forfeited not only every kindred claim, but even their title to humanity! forbid it the spirit of the brave Montgomery! forbid it the spirit of immortal Warren! forbid it the spirits of all our valiant countrymen who fought, bled. and died for far different purposes, and who would have thought the purchase dear indeed! to have paid their lives for the paltry boon of displacing one set of villains in power, to make way for another. No. They contended for the establishment of peace, liberty, and safety to their country; and we are unworthy to be called their countrymen, if we stop at any acquisition short of this.

Now is the happy season, to seize again those rights, which, as men, we are by nature entitled to, and which, by contract, we never have and never could have surrendered :—but which have been repeatedly and violently attacked by the king, lords and commons of Britain. Ought we not then to disclaim forever, the forfeited affinity; and by a timely amputation of that rotten limb of the empire, prevent the mortification of the whole ? ought we not to listen to the voice of our slaughtered brethren, who are now proclaiming aloud to their country—

Go tell the king, and tell him from our spirits,
That you and Britons can be friends no more;
Tell him, to you all tyrants are the same;
Or if in bonds, the never conquer'd soul
Can feel a pang, more keen than slavery's self,
'Tis where the chains that crush you into dust,
Are forg'd by hands, from which you hop'd for freedom.
Yes, we ought, and will-we will assert the
blood of our murdered hero against thy hos-
tile oppressions, O shameless Britain! and
when "thy cloud-capped towers, thy gorgeous
palaces" shall, by the teeth of pride and folly,
be levelled with the dust-and when thy glory
shall have faded like the western sunbeam-the
name and the virtues of Warren shall re-
main immortal.

GENERAL WARREN.

[It is well remembered that this ardent patriot twice mounted the rostrum to address

'His next oration was delivered March 5th, 1775. It was at his own solicitation that he was appointed to the duty a second time. The fact is illustrative of his character, and worthy of remembrance.-Some British officers of the army then in Boston, had publicly declared that it should be at the price of the life of any man to speak of the event of March 5, 1770, on that anniversary. Warren's soul took fire at such a threat, so openly made, and he wished for the honor of braving it. This was readily granted, for at such a time a man would probably find but few rivals. Many who would spurn the thought of personal fear, might be apprehensive that they would be so far disconcerted as to forget their discourse. It is easier to fight bravely, than to think clearly or correctly in danger.-Passion sometimes nerves the arm to fight, but disturbs the regular current of thought. The day came, and the weather was remarkably fine. The Old South meeting-house was crowded at an early hour. The British officers occupied the aisles, the flight of steps to the pulpit, and several of them were within it. It was not precisely known whether this was accident or design. The orator, with the assistance of his friends, made his entrance at the pulpit window by a ladder. The officers, seeing his coolness and intrepidity, made way for him to advance and address the audience. An awful stillness preceded his exordium. Each man felt the palpitation of his own heart, and saw the pale but determined face of his neighbor. The speaker began his oration in a firm tone of voice, and proceeded with great energy and pathos. Warren and his friends were prepared to chastise contumely, prevent disgrace, and avenge an attempt at assassination.

The scene was sublime; a patriot in whom the flush of youth, and the grace and dignity of manhood were combined, stood armed in the sanctuary of God, to animate and encourage the sons of liberty, and to hurl defiance at their oppressors. The orator commenced with the early history of the country, described the tenure by which we held our liberties and property-the affection we had constantly shewn the parent country, and boldly told them how, and by whom these blessings of life had been violated. There was in this

appeal to Britain-in this description of suffering, agony and horror, a calm and high-souled defiance which must have chilled the blood of every sensible foe. Such another hour has seldom happened in the history of man, and is not surpassed in the records of nations. The thunders of Demosthenes rolled at a distance from Philip and his host-and Tully poured the fiercest torrent of his invective when Catiline was at a distance, and his dagger no longer to be feared; but Warren's speech was made to proud oppressors resting on their arms, whose errand it was to overawe, and whose business it was to fight.

If the deed of Brutus deserved to be commemorated by history, poetry, painting and sculpture, should not this instance of patriotism and bravery be held in lasting remembrance? If he That struck the foremost man of all this world,'

was hailed as the first of freemen, what honors are not due to him, who, undismayed, bearded the British lion, to show the world what his countrymen dared to do in the cause of liberty? If the statue of Brutus were placed among those of the gods, who were the preservers of Roman freedom, should not that of Warren fill a lofty niche in the temple reared to perpetuate the

remembrance of our birth as a nation?"

EULOGIUM ON WARREN.

From Botta's History of the American war, -published, he says, "in the Philadelphia papers," but we know not when, or where, or by whom, it was delivered, which we should have been glad to have ascertained.

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Approach, senators of America! Come, and deliberate here, upon the interests of the united colonies. Listen to the voice of this illustrious citizen: he intreats, he exhorts, he implores you not to disturb his present felicity with the doubt, that he, perhaps, has sacrificed his life for a people of slaves.

"Come hither, ye soldiers, ye champions of American liberty, and contemplate a spectacle which should inflame your generous hearts with even a new motive to glory. Remember, his shade still hovers, unexpiated, among us. Ten thousand ministerial soldiers would not suffice to compensate his death. Let ancient ties be no restraint: foes of liberty are no longer the brethren of freemen, Give edge to your arms, and lay them not down, till tyranny be expelled from the British empire, or America, at least, become the real seat of liberty and happiness.

"Approach ye also, American fathers and American mothers; come hither, and contemplate the first fruits of tyranny: behold your friend, the defender of your liberty, the honor, the hope of your country: see this illustrious hero, pierced with wounds and bathed in his own blood. But let not your grief, let not your tears be steril. Go, hasten to your homes, and there teach your children to detest the deeds of tyranny; lay before them the horrid scene you have beheld let their hair stand on end; let their eyes sparkle with fire: let resentment kindle every feature; let their lips vent threats and indignation: then-then-put arms into their hands, send them to battle, and let your last injunction be, to return victorious, or to die, like Warren, in the arms of liberty and of glory!

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And ye generations of the future, you will often look back to this memorable epoch. You will transfer the names of traitors and of rebels from the faithful people of America, to those who have merited them. Your eyes will penetrate all the iniquity of this scheme of despotism, recently plotted by the British gov

"What spectacle more noble," than this, of a hero who has given his life for the safety of country! Approach, cruel ministers, and contemplate the fruits of your sanguinary edicts. What reparation can you offer to his children for the loss of such a father, to the king for that of so good a subject, to the country for that of so devoted a citizen? Send hither your satellites; come feast your vindic-ernment. You will see good kings misled by tive rage: the most implacable enemy to tyrants is no more. We conjure you respect these his honored remains. Have compassion on the fate of a mother overwhelmed with despair and with age. Of him, nothing is left that you can still fear. His eloquence is mute; his arms are fallen from his hand then lay down yours: what more have you to perpetrate, barbarians that you are? But while the name of American liberty shall live, that of Waren will fire our breasts, and animate our arms, against the pest of standing armies.

perfidious ministers, and virtuous ministers by perfidious kings. You will perceive that if at first the sovereigns of Great Britain shed tears in commanding their subjects to accept atrocious laws, they soon gave themselves up to joy in the midst of murder, expecting to see a whole continent drenched in the blood of freemen. O, save the human race from the last outrages, and render a noble justice to the American colonies. Recall to life the ancient Roman and British eloquence; and be not niggardly of merited praises towards those

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O passi graviora, dabit Deus his quoque finem ; —revocate animos, mæstumque timorem mittite, forsan et hæc olim meminisse juvabit. Virgil, Ene. I.

From a consciousness of inability, my friends and fellow countrymen, I have repeatedly declined the duties of this anniversary. Nothing but a firm attachment to the tottering liberties of America* added to the irresistible importunity of some valued friends, could have induced me (especially with a very short notice) so far as to mistake my abilities, as to render the utmost extent of your candor truly indispensable.

When man was unconnected by social obligations; abhorrent to every idea of dependence; actuated by a savage ferocity of mind, displayed in the brutality of his manners, the necessary exigencies of each individual, naturally impelled him to acts of treachery, violence and murder. The miseries of mankind thus proclaiming eternal war with their species, led them, probably, to consult certain measures to arrest the current of such outrageous enormities.

A sense of their wants and weakness, in a state of nature, doubtless inclined them to such reciprocal aids and support, as eventually established society.

Men then began to incorporate; subordination succeeded to independence; order to anarchy; and passions were disarmed by civilization; society lent its aid to secure the weak from oppression, who wisely took shelter within the sanctuary of law.

Encreasing, society afterwards exacted, that the tacit contract made with her by each individual, at the time of his being incorporated, should receive a more solemn form to become authentic and irrefragable; the main object being to add force to the laws, proportionate to the power and extent of the body corporate, whose energy they were to direct.

* Periculosæ plenum opus aleæ
Tractas, incedis per ignes
Suppositos cineri doloso.-HORACE.

Then society availed herself of the sacrifice of that liberty and that natural equality of which we are all conscious: superiors and magistrates were appointed, and mankind submitted to a civil and political subordination. This is truly a glorious inspiration of reason, by whose influence, notwithstanding the inclination we have for independence, we accept control, for the establishment of order.

Although unrestrained power in one person may have been the first and most natural recourse of mankind, from rapine and disorder; yet all restrictions of power, made by laws, or participation of sovereignty, are apparent improvements upon what began in unlimited

power.

It would shock humanity, should I attempt to describe those barbarous and tragic scenes, which crimson the historic page of this wretched and detestable constitution, where absolute dominion is lodged in one person: where one makes the whole and the whole is nothing. What motives, what events, could have been able to subdue men, endowed with reason, to render themselves the mute instruments, and passive objects of the caprice of an individual.

Mankind, apprised of their privileges, in being rational and free, in prescribing civil laws to themselves, had surely no intention of being enchained by any of their equals; and although they submitted voluntary adherents to certain laws, for the sake of mutual security and happiness, they, no doubt, intended by the original compact, a permanent exemption of the subject body from any claims, which were not expressly surrendered, for the purpose of obtaining the security and defence of the whole. Can it possibly be conceived, that they would voluntarily be enslaved by a power

their own creation.

of

The constitution of a magistrate does not, therefore, take away that lawful defence against force and injury, allowed by the law of nature; we are not to obey a prince, ruling above the limits of the power entrusted to him; for the commonwealth, by constituting a head, does not deprive itself of the power of its own preservation.* Government and magistracy, whether supreme or subordinate, is a mere human ordinance, and the laws of every nation are the measure of magistratical power: and kings, the servants of the state, when they degenerate into tyrants, forfeit their right to government.

Breach of trust in a governor, or attempting to enlarge a limited power, effectually abThe celebrated Mrs. Macaulay. + Mrs. Macaulay.

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