on the point of being so; but already with much of his greatest work done, and firm in his literary dictatorship. Goldsmith was nineteen years younger, and with the best of his work before him.

The convenient bondage of Goldsmith to the bookseller Newbery continued till the end of 1764, or even beyond that. In May 1762 Newbery published the Citizen of the World in its completed form, giving Goldsmith five guineas for the new copyright. Somewhat later in the same year Goldsmith, whose health had ¦ suffered from his recent laboriousness, went to Tunbridge and Bath for recreation; and from Bath he brought back to London materials for a memoir of Beau Nash, the famous master of the ceremonies or King of the Fashion at Bath, then just dead. This curious and rather amusing little book, for which Newbery gave him fourteen guineas, was published in October 1762, under the title of The Life of Richard Nash, Esq. It was immediately popular; Johnson, who was by no means a bookbuyer, is found purchasing a copy; and there was a second edition in December. By this time Goldsmith had made a new arrangement in the matter of domicile, or Newbery had made a new arrangement for him. The lodging in Wine Office Court was either given up or retained for occasional use only, and apartments were taken in the suburban neighbourhood of Canonbury, Islington, in the house of a Mrs. Elizabeth Fleming, close to Canonbury House, where Newbery himself resided. The terms with Mrs. Fleming were to be 50l. a year for Goldsmith's board and lodging-equivalent to about 100l. a year now; and Newbery undertook to make the regular quarterly payments, deducting them from whatever might be Goldsmith's earnings. Thus saved all trouble on the main point, and with only his incidental expenses to care for-which, however, were considerable enough, for a guinea could never remain a day whole in his pocket, and he had begun to have a gaudy taste in dress, and to have extensive dealings with Mr. Filby, the tailor, at the Harrow in Water Lane-Goldsmith went on compiling for Newbery, touching up books for him, writing prefaces where they were wanted, and furnishing papers for his magazines. For each bit of work so done Goldsmith was credited for so much in Newbery's books-one guinea, two guineas, three guineas, or higher sums, according | to the extent of the work; and Goldsmith drew, or overdrew, for what he wanted as he went along, leaving the bookseller to look at the state of affairs every quarter when he came to pay Mrs. Fleming her 127. 10s., together with any little extras for wine, sassafras, cakes, &c., incurred with her by Goldsmith. That lady, to do her justice, kept most punctual accounts, and does not seem to have been at all exacting in the extras; for, when Goldsmith brought a friend home to dinner and tea, especially if it was the Irish physician Dr. Redmond, her practice was to charge nothing on that account, but only to make such an entry as this in the bill-“Dr. Reman's dinner and tea, ol. os. od." There is some reason to believe that among the friends who sometimes visited Goldsmith in his Islington lodgings, but are not recorded to have had gratis dinners from Mrs. Fleming, was the painter Hogarth, then in the last years of his life. Altogether, in these lodgings Goldsmith seems to have been tolerably comfortable and tolerably industrious through 1763 and 1764.

Among the fruits of his industry, in addition to a great deal of miscellaneous work which need not be inquired after particularly (though, if Goody Two Shoes were really his, one would like to know it), was a History of England in a series of Letters from a Nobleman to his Son. This work, which must not be confounded with a subsequent History of England from his pen, was published by Newbery in two pocket volumes in June 1764. The title was a ruse to attract attention to the book, and it succeeded. It was attributed to Lord Chesterfield or Lord Orrery, and then very generally to Lord Lyttelton, and became very popular. Goldsmith, having received 217., which remained as the balance due to him for the work, did not wish to undeceive the public. He had, indeed, by him, finished or nearly finished, certain things of his own, not written to Newbery's order, but for private pleasure, and for which he cared more than for any compilation. But of these presently.

Islington, though more out of the bustle of central London then than it is now, was not so far off but that a walk every other day would bring Goldsmith into Fleet Street and its purlieus. And more and more now there were attractions for Goldsmith tn that cosy heart of London. His acquaintance with Johnson had led to his introduction to Mr. (not yet Sir Joshua) Reynolds, then forty years of age, living in his mansion in Leicester Square, and hospitable, with his kind serenity of disposition and his 6,000l. a year of income, to the largest circle of attached friends that any man ever drew around him. At those noctes cœnæque Deum at Reynolds's in Leicester Square, long afterwards remembered with such relish by Boswell, Goldsmith was certainly welcome even thus early. Here he would meet Burke, who barely remembered him at Trinity College, Dublin; and sometimes he and Johnson, leaving Reynolds's, and parting with Burke at the door, would go down the Strand to Johnson's chambers in Inner Temple Lane, or perhaps (for Johnson hated early hours) drop in, for more talk, at the Mitre Tavern in Fleet Street. Just at this time, too, Boswell's visage does begin to be seen on the skirts of the group of which he was to be so singularly intimate a member, and hose history he was to write for the whole world. He had been up to London for the first time in 1760, a mere lad of twenty years, but already a devoted worshipper of Johnson, and possessed with a passion for being introduced to him. He had failed in that object then; but in the end of 1762 he was again in London on his way to Utrecht to study law. Two chapters in his "Life of Johnson"-two as interesting chapters of anecdote as ever man wrote-preserve the particulars of that visit, which extended over more than six months, or to August 1763. Early in the visit, it appears, he met Goldsmith at dinner at the house of Thomas Davies, the ex-actor and bookseller, in Russell Street, Covent Garden-whose shop was perhaps then the most noted afternoon rendezvous in London for poets, wits, dramatists, and literary gossips. Improving this meeting, he had even, he tells us, become "pretty well acquainted" with Goldsmith before he made that greater acquaintanceship for which his soul panted. What mattered it to know Goldsmith, with Wilkes, Churchill, Lloyd, Robert Dodsley, and others—to all of whom the eager young fellow had somehow pushed his way--so long as Johnson was unknown? At last the

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momentous day came-Monday the 16th May, 1763. Boswell was sitting with Mr. and Mrs. Davies in the back-parlour behind their shop, where indeed he seems to have been for some time on the watch for the apparition that now presented itself. It was Johnson at last, rolling into the shop, as large as life, to have a talk with Davies. "Mr. Davies," says Boswell, "mentioned my name "and respectfully introduced me to him. I was much agitated; and, recollecting "his prejudice against the Scotch, of which I had heard much, I said to Davies, "Don't tell him where I come from.' 'From Scotland,' cried Davies, roguishly "Mr. Johnson,' said I, 'I do indeed come from Scotland, but I cannot help it.' "That, Sir, I find, is what a very great many of your countrymen cannot help. ¦ "This stroke stunned me a good deal; and, when we sat down, I felt mysel "not a little embarrassed, and apprehensive of what might come next. He ther! "addressed himself to Davies, 'What do you think of Garrick? He has refuse me an order for the play for Miss Williams, because he knows that the hous "will be full, and that an order will be worth three shillings.' Eager to take any opening to get into conversation with him, I ventured to say, ‘O Sir, cannot think Mr. Garrick would grudge such a trifle to you.' 'Sir,' said h "with a stern look, I have known David Garrick longer than you have done. "and I know no right you have to talk to me on the subject.'" Here was a knock-down for the young enthusiast-only two-and-twenty years of age, it is. to be remembered in his favour. But one of the best things ever said of Boswell was what Goldsmith said of him not long afterwards. Some one had called hi a" Scotch cur." "No, no," replied Goldsmith, "you are too severe; he is only a Scotch bur. Tom Davies threw him at Johnson in sport, and he has the faculty of sticking." He showed this faculty by the way in which he took Johnson's first rebuff. Much as it discomposed him, it did not prevent him from calling on Johnson a week afterwards; he called again on the 13th of June, and was delighted to hear Johnson ask why he had not returned sooner; and, in fact. within a week or two from that time the queer Scotch lad had wound himse into Johnson's affections in a way that surprised everybody. Sixteen differe, meetings and conversations with Johnson, besides those already mentioned, an duly chronicled by Boswell as having made him happy during the six or seve weeks longer he remained in town-some in Johnson's chambers, some in Boswell's some at supper at the Mitre or another tavern, and one, which lasted a whole day.. at Greenwich down the river. At most of these meetings Boswell kept Johnson all to himself; but on the 1st of July Goldsmith was with them at the Mitre; and on the 6th, when Boswell gave Johnson a formal supper at the Mitre, Goldsmith was again there, with two other guests. Something like a jealousy of Goldsmith, indeed, on account of his established intimacy with Johnson, and Johnson's' professed regard for him, seems to have mingled with the pleasure of Bozzy first revel of six weeks in Johnson's society. It is exactly at this point of hist "Life of Johnson," at all events, that he introduces his general sketch of Goldsmith with a view to his frequent appearances thereafter in the narrative; and in the

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depreciating tone of this sketch, with its often-quoted statements as to Goldsmith's vanity and his ridiculous ways of showing it, we have the anticipation of all that Boswell would let himself feel or think about Goldsmith to the very end. With Boswell, Goldsmith was but the foil to Johnson. And yet-for, though jealous, Bozzy could not but be honest-there are passages, even in this first sketch he gives of Goldsmith, which make amends. He tells us what Johnson said to him of Goldsmith when his name was first mentioned between them. Dr. Goldsmith," said Johnson, “is one of the first men we now have as an author, and he is a very worthy man too"-praise which, as Goldsmith was then known only or chiefly by his Inquiry into the State of Polite Learning and his Citizen of the Worid, seemed rather over the mark to the hearer. Again he informs us how "Goldsmith's respectful attachment to Johnson equally struck him, and how Goldsmith's incidental remarks about Johnson increased his admiration of Johnson's goodness of heart. For example, when some reference was made to Mr. Levett, whom Johnson maintained as a pensioner under his own roof, Goldsmith said to Boswell, "He is poor and honest, which is recommendation enough to Johnson ;" and again, when Boswell referred to some man of known bad character with surprise that Johnson should be kind to such a person, "He is now become miserable," said Goldsmith, “and that ensures the protection of Johnson." On the whole, the relations between Johnson and Goldsmith were so cordial that Boswell must have thought with a pang how much they would be together, and what talk of Johnson's Goldsmith would hear, when he should be in London no longer to partake of such happiness, but away in Utrecht, studying law. If anything could have reconciled him to the coming absence, it was the extraordinary proof given, before he went, how thoroughly he, an unknown Scotch lad, whom Johnson had never seen till he met him in Davies's shop, had won the big man's heart. To have heard Johnson say to him, "There are few people whom I take so much o as you," was much; but to hear him farther say, as the day for his departure pproached, “I must see thee out of England; I will accompany you to Harwich," vas sheer ecstasy. And actually to Harwich Johnson, while all London wondered, id accompany the young cub, giving him good advices all the way, and at last eeing him off. My revered friend," says Boswell, "walked down with me to 'the beach, where we embraced and parted with tenderness, and engaged to F correspond by letters. I said, 'I hope, Sir, you will not forget me in my absence.' Nay, Sir, it is more likely you should forget me than that I should forget you.' As the vessel put out to sea, I kept my eyes upon him for a considerable time, while he remained rolling his majestic frame in his usual manner; and at last I perceived him walk back into the town, and he disappeared."

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An event of real importance in the Johnsonian world, which happened shortly fter Johnson's return from seeing Boswell off at Harwich, and the rumour of which, it reached Utrecht, must have greatly interested Boswell, was the foundation of the mous club, unnamed at first, but afterwards called "The Literary Club," which

met at the Turk's Head, in Gerrard Street, Soho. The original members of this club were Johnson, Reynolds, Burke, Goldsmith, Topham Beauclerk, Bennet Langtor Sir John Hawkins, and Dr. Nugent-to whom were soon added Mr. Chamier, M: Dyer, and others. They met one evening a week-Monday evening at first, but was changed to Friday evening-for supper and talk. The club may have b founded in 1763, but it was certainly in full operation in 1764. From that dats. accordingly, Goldsmith's attendances at its meetings, and his enjoyment of wh passed there, have to be remembered in our imaginations of the routine of his lif It appears even that, for the convenience of these attendances, or for other reasons, Goldsmith, early in 1764, had a share of some rough chambers in the Temple, the library staircase," in addition to his Islington lodging. Possibly, this was : way of removal from the rooms in Wine Office Court, hitherto retained for sleep purposes when he was in town.

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It was either at some now unknown lodging in town, occupied for some little tir or, more probably, at the Islington apartments in Mrs. Fleming's house, that the occurred, late in 1764, an incident in Goldsmith's life, of which very varying versic have been given, but of which the true account is indubitably Dr. Johnson's. "received one morning," Johnson long afterwards told Boswell, “a message fro "poor Goldsmith that he was in great distress, and, as it was not in his power: come to me, begging that I would come to him as soon as possible. I sent hir "guinea, and promised to come to him directly. I accordingly went as soon as I was dressed, and found that his landlady had arrested him for his rent, at which was in a violent passion. I perceived that he had already changed my guinea, a "had got a bottle of Madeira and a glass before him. I put the cork into th "bottle, desired he would be calm, and began to talk to him of the means "which he might be extricated. He then told me that he had a novel ready "the press, which he produced to me. I looked into it, and saw its merit; told "landlady I should soon return; and, having gone to a bookseller, sold it for 6 "I brought Goldsmith the money, and he discharged his rent, not without rating "landlady in a high tone for having used him so ill." If, as appears all but certai it was to Islington that Johnson had trudged, and the harsh landlady was M Fleming, the explanation probably is that, owing to some break-down betwe Goldsmith and Newbery, Mrs. Fleming saw no chance of getting her last quarte rent and board paid her in the usual manner. What renders this likelier is th Newbery's advances to Goldsmith are found about this date dwindling to very sm: sums, and that, as if Newbery were proving a broken reed, Goldsmith had recent been negotiating, or proposing to negotiate, with other booksellers, such as Dodsity Tonson, and Griffin. It was, possibly, for this last bookseller, whose shop was th Garrick's Head in Catherine Street, Strand, and who speculated in music, that th libretto for an intended Oratorio, on the subject of the Captivity in Babylon, w originally written by Goldsmith early in 1764, although afterwards it was sold by his to Dodsley and Newbery conjointly. But what most confirms the conjecture of som coolness between Goldsmith and Newbery at the time in question is that the book