New York; Clinton Governor; Champlain and Erie Canals 624 Politics of Pennsylvania; State of Mississippi ......... 625 3ritish Colonial Trade; Tariff; Internal Improvements Relations with Spain and her Colonies.... Clay's Proposition to send a Minister to South America.. 633 CRISIS. EFFORTS FOR AN INCREASED TARIFF. MIS- SOURI QUESTION AT THE NORTH. STATE OF ALABA- MA. SIXTEENTH CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION. STATE OF MAINE. MISSOURI PROVISO. RETRENCHMENTS. SECOND SESSION OF THE SIXTEENTH CONGRESS. MIS- Decline of the Revenue; New Tariff proposed Cumberland Road; Revolutionary Pensioners Terms of Office limited; Public Lands; Bankruptcy Piracy; Slave Trade to be punished with Death .... Caucus scouted; Re-election of Monroe and Tompkins... 701 Depression of Industry; National Bank-Ohio..... 702 Constitution of Missouri; Revival of the Missouri Question 702 HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. CHAPTER XX. THE CONGRESS. AFFAIRS ABROAD. ENFORCEMENT OF POLITICS OF NEW YORK, PENNSYLVANIA, AND MASSA- XX. 1807. Oct. 21. IN compliance with the president's proclamation, the CHAPTER tenth Congress came together some six weeks earlier than the ordinary day. The Federalists were reduced to a handful. There were but six senators of this party; Hillhouse and Chauncey Goodrich, of Connecticut, the latter in place of Tracy, recently deceased; Bayard and White, of Delaware; and Pickering and Adams, of Massachusetts. Even Adams they were soon to lose; a change of which he had given some premonition by having voted during the last Congress in favor of the bill restricting importations from Great Britain, and more recently, by taking part in a Democratic indignation meeting, got up at Boston, in reference to the outrage on the Chesapeake. Plumer's time having expired, New Hampshire, as well as Vermont and Rhode Island, had now a full Democratic delegation; and even Plumer himself was soon to imitate the example about to be set by Adams, of abandoning a fallen party. The most noted senators on the other side were Dr. XX. CHAPTER Mitchell, of New York; Smith, of Maryland; and Giles, of Virginia. The Georgia seat, left vacant by Bald1807. win's death, was presently filled, and not less ably, by William H. Crawford. The Kentucky seat, lately filled for a single session by Henry Clay, was now occupied by John Pope. Crawford, like Clay, was a Virginian of humble origin, who had emigrated in early youth to seek his fortune in a new state. The leading Federalists in the House were Dana, of Connecticut; Quincy, of Massachusetts; Barent Gardinier of New York; and Philip B. Key, of Maryland, the last two new members; but even including four or five malcontent Democrats, led by Randolph, the opposition could not muster more than eight-and-twenty votes. On the side of the administration there were of old members, Varnum and Crowningshield, of Massachusetts; George Clinton, Jr., and Mumford, of New York; Sloan, of New Jersey; Clay, Findley, and Smilie, of Pennsyl vania; Macon, of North Carolina; Williams of South Carolina; Lyon, of Kentucky; and from Tennessee, George W. Campbell, Scotch by birth, but educated in America. Among the new members appeared Richard M. Johnson and Joseph Desha, of Kentucky; Ezekiel Bacon, of Massachusetts, who supplied the place of Bidwell, appointed attorney general of that state; and Wilson Cary Nicholas, of Virginia, who had come into the House, at Jefferson's special request, to act as leader for the administration—a position, however, to which he did not attain. The Representatives' hall, in the south wing of the unfinished capitol, being at length completed, the House assembled in it for the first time; but what they gained in splendor they lost in comfort and convenience, as the new hall, with its multiplied echoes and strange reflections of sound, proved equally bad for speaking |