1 Fatal Confequences from the Bite of a Mad Dog. 297 8. Every player muft follow fuit if they have any, if not, they may play what they pleafe, or may take it with a trump, or any of the ruling cards; and it ought to be observed, that the knave of hearts, and the other five ruling cards are always trumps, and ought to be used as fuch. 9. He that makes the first fix tricks wins the game, and takes up all the stakes. 10. If any player has either four aces,four kings, four queens, or four knaves in hand at once, they also win the game. 11. If any player has in his hand three aces, kings, queens, or knaves, they fcore two, and four tricks more make the game. 12. If one of the players have ace, king, queen, and knave of one fuit, or the king, queen, knave, and ten, or any four fucceeding cards in hand of the fame luit, they likewife count two for them. 15. If you have five fucceeding cards, you count four. 14. And if you have fix fucceding cards, you win the game. dog, made his efcape. Though thefe were the firft fymptoms of madness which he dog had fhewn, yet the phyficjan, under whofe obfervation this happened, immediately had the fow confined in a ftall, boarded fo as to exclude all air, except in fuch quantities as he choose to admit. Food was conveyed to the animal by means of a trough which went through the boards of the ftall, and emptied itself into another trough on the infide. For fome days the animal eat as ufual; but, on the fixth or feventh, it began to look heavy and refufe its food; on the ninth or tenth, the disorder was at its height: The phyfician at least fufpected it from the faliva which appeared about the jaws, and the frequent chafing of the animal at bits of ftraw. It at length lay down, as if exhaufted with fatigue. Immediately an iron pot, with four or five gallons of the best vinegar, boiling, was put into the ftall, which was fhut fo as totally to exclude the air. ter a fpace of five or fix hours, the phyfician paid a vifit to his patient, whom he found lapping the vinegar. In a few hours af Af. To the Editors of the Sporting ter, a fresh, quantity of boiling Magazine. vinegar was placed in the ftall, which was fhut up until the next day, when food, in which fome vinegar was mixed, was offered to the creature, who eat a part. From that day the animal was ferved twice in the day, with vinegar in its food, for the space of fix weeks; at the end of that time it was let out, apparently perfectly well; and had feveral farrows of pigs after that. The dog, which was bitten, was treated in the fame manner, with equal fuccefs. A cure was effected upon even the author of this misfortune; for 298 Abstract of the At for the Prefervation of Game. I have read of a cure effected at Turin, by means of vinegar, which was unintentionally given for fome other medicine. Poffibly, the perfon administered it through defigu, to try the experiment. Half a pint was the accidental dofe, which was repeated morning and evening after the good effects became visible. cheaper licence, under the claim of being game-keepers, occafions the request from many, of your publishing for the fecurity of pro for, returning home in a few days, without the fit being on him, a fervant was tempted, by means of a reward, to feize and chain him to his kennel. That,perty, the following abftract from or the following day, his fit re- the act for the prefervation of turned; and after gnawing, and the game, paffed in the year 1716: biting the chain, until his mouth "Whereas it is become ufual for was covered with blood, he lay lords of manors to grant deputadown fome boiling vinegar was tions to the farmers, tenants, and then put almost under his nofe, occupiers of lands, to be gameby means of a long ladle; this keepers, with power to kill game; produced the fame effects as on which practice tends to the dethe hog, and he was alfo cured. ftruction of the fame: for remedy whereof, be it enacted, that no lord of a manor fhall appoint any game-keeper, with power to kill game, unless fuch perfon be qualified by the laws of the land fo to do; or unless fuch perfon be truly and properly a fervant to the faid lord, or immediately employed to kill game, for the fole ufe of the fame lord." It appears, therefore, as plain as any enacting words can make it, that the above pretended game-keepers, unlefs qualified by the poffeffion of one hundred pounds a year, real property, are liable to all the penalties against Iporting illegally; and the lords of manors, granting it to fuch farmers, tenants, or occupiers of land, and thus foolishly encouraging in them profligate waste of their time and la bour, are themselves liable to the penalty of not entering them annually with the affeffors, and paying the tax on each gamekeeper, agreeably to the exprefs words in the act, taxing malefervants; and the furveyors of this tax are liable to information for neglect of duty, in not check To deftroy a dog, at the moment he has bitten a perfon, is, I conceive, injudicious in the extreme. fince it leaves the unhappy fufferer a prey to all thofe terrors and anxieties which may naturally be fuppofed to arife in the mind, under the apprehenfions of fo dreadful a complaint. The facts are afcertained; let the faculty reafon upon the caufes. As a with of being ufeful to humanity, is the fole caufe of my addreffing you on the fubject, fo I doubt not, but in fluenced by the fame motive, you will fpare this a place in your Magazine, though it fhould only be fupported by the name of, Your humble Servant, VIATOR. To the Editors of the Sporting ing the game-keepers, entered Magazine, with, and paying for, to the affeflors of parishes, with thofe annually published by the clerk of the peace, and furcharging all that are not fo entered and paid for. AN ASSOCIATOR. A Treatise on Farriery. 299 ATREATISE ON FARRIERÝ, with, unlike a ruffle, to which the small сесит The intestines or guts are fix in number; namely, the fmall gut, which in a man is divided in the duodenum, the jejunum, and the ilion, and is commonly about twenty-fix yards in length; the or blind gut, the three colons, and the straight gut. The three colons are divided by two small necks, each about half a yard long. On the upper and under fides there are two ligaments, which run along the furface, and ferve to purfe up this gut, which with a valve on the infide ferve to keep up the aliment from paffing off too haftily, that the nutricious juice may be extracted. The ftraight gut runs directly along from the colon to the fundament, and is half a yard long. The guts have the fame coats as the gullet, but are confiderably thicker in thele laftmentioned, and like it are always moistended by the liquor proceeding from the glands. The guts are fastened to the back by the mefentery, which is about nine inches broad from the guts to the back. It takes its rife from the third vertebræ of the loins, and confifts of two membranes, which are full of fmall glands and blood-veffels, and is formed by the doubling of the peritoneum. It forms feveral folds along its circumference, not VOL. IV. No. XXIV. guts are connected. Having thus taken notice of the inteftinal canal, and its several parts, it will not be improper to make fome obfervations on the progress of the chyle. If you open a dog that has been juft killed two or three hours after it has been fed, you will fee on the guts, efpecially thofe that are finall, a great number of little white veffels called lacteals, which glide between the two membranes of the mefentery, and communicating with each other, advance to the glandulous body placed in the middle. From this fubftance other lacteal veins proceed, which differ nothing from the former, but in being fewer in number, and fomewhat more large. Thefe are called secondary lacteals, and are discharged into a cellular and membranous bag, generally placed on the first vertebræ of the loins, and is hid in part of the right appendix of the diaphragm. This is called the refervatory of the chyle. From this refervatory the thoracic duk proceeds, which runs along the vertebra of the back, and towards the middle of the back turns to the left, and empties itfelf into a large vein called the left fubcla vian. The lacteal veins are not only to be met with on the fmali inteftines, but alfo on the large, which show that an animal may be kept alive by nourishing clyfters only. The liver is a conglomerate gland of a very large fize, of a reddish brown colour, and of a pretty firm confiftence. It makes up a great part of the right fide and a portion of the middle epigaftric region, immediately below the diaphragm or midriff. In a horfe it is divided into four lobes, ·300 A Treatise on Farriery. lobes, to render it flexible in all violent motions, and fo preferve it from danger. Of these the right lobe is much the largeft, and is called the great lobe of the liver. The Shape of the liver is not regular, but accommodates its conformation to the adjacent parts. It is convex and fmooth on the upper fide, to tally with the diaphragm, to which it is connected, and whofe motions it follows. Its inferior furface is concave, and unequal, having eminencies and cavities which anfwer to the spaces that are between the organs. The emi nencies belong to the great lobe of the liver, to which the antients gave the name of porte. The liver is connected to the adjacent parts, but chiefly to the midriff, by means of four ligaments. Some reckon the umbilical veins a ligament, but this is very much doubted by others. The liver is covered by a thin membrane, which however may be divided into two lamina, between which there is a great number of lymphatic veffels, which are obfervable both on the convex and concave furface. The internal lamina feems to penetrate the fubftance of the liver, and to divide it into a great number of fmall lobes, which may be easily diffinguished in a hog The fubftance of the liver is an affemblage of a great number of fmall weifels of every kind, which appear to be diftributed to a great number of vehicles or fmall bodies, called of late pulpous grains. Thefe veffels thus diftributed, may be distinguished into thofe that carry fome liquor, and into thofe that bring it back. The fift are the ramifications of the hepatic artery, of the vena porte, and of the hepatic nerves. The vena porta is a confiderable trunk of a vein formed by two principal branches, one of which receives the blood which comes from the spleen, the pancreas; and one part of the ftomach. It is called the Splenetic vein. The other proceeds from the inteftines and the mefentery. This trunk of a vein penetrates the liver on the concave fide; but, before its entry, forms two other branches, one on the right, and the other on the left. Likewife there are many leffer branches, which enter the vehicles of the liver. The other veffels which belong to the veficles are branches of the veins, which correspond with the vena cava, and difcharge the remainder of the blood which the vena porte has depofited in the liver. The union of these branches form three veins called the hepatic veins, which terminate in the trunk of the lower vena cava immediately below the diaphragm. The lymphatic veins of the liver may be seen on both fides, where they form a wonderful kind of net-work. Thefe veins generally empty themselves into the refervoir or receptacle of the chyle. The pulpous veins have an excretory duct which communicate with each other in the fubftance of the liver, and are com monly called the biliary pores. When thefe ducts are united, they form a large one called the hepatic duct, which difcharges the bile into the fmall gut near the ftomach. It is proportionably larger in horfes than in other animals, because they have no gall-bladder. Some fay this is wanting because it might be hurt by violent motions; but this A Treatife on Farriery. this cannot be the cafe, becaufe many animals that are as fubject to as violent exercife as a horfe, are not without a gall bladder; and therefore I fhall not pretend to guess at the reafon, or why a Jarger and conftant difcharge of the bile is required in a horfe more than any other creature that feeds in the fame manner. The use of the liver is to feparate this gall or bile already mentioned, and there is reafon to believe it is brought to the liver by the vena porta. The gall is a yellow, bitter liquor, of a pretty fluid confiftence, compofed not only of a ferofity and falts, but alfo of unctuous particles, which form a liquor of a foapy nature, and nearly of the fame tafte, and is very useful to take old spots out of garments. The gall being feparated in the liver, is taken up by the biliary pores, then runs into the hepatic duct, and is conftantly difcharged into the gut abovementioned. It ferves to correct the aliment, and to prepare the chyle. 301 leaves of the mefocolon, between which the pancreas is feated. The proper membrane immediately covers its fubftance, and is compofed of many glandulous grains, befet with a vaft number of veffels, whereof some carry a fluid to the pancreas, and fome bring one back from thence. The former are the arteries and nerves; the latter are the fanguinary and lymphatic veins, as well as the excretory ducts of the glands. The excretory ducts of the pancreas are very numerous, perhaps as many as the glandulous grains of which it is compofed. All thefe ducts unite with each other, and from their union refults one common duct, which carries a fluid from them all. It is called the pancreatic duct, and runs all along the pancreas, through the middle of its length, and empties itfelf into the small gut. The ufe of the pancreas is to feparate a fluid called the pancreatic juice, of the nature of faliva, and ferves jointly with the The pancreas is a conglome-gall to bring the chyle to perrate gland, of a very pale red, fection. and of a pretty thick confiftence. The Spleen consists of a softish It is feated in the epigastric refubftance which may be readily gion, tranfverfely, immediately extended, and is of a bluish cobelow the ftomach, reaching from lour, a little inclining to the red. the fmall gut to the spleen, to It is feated obliquely in the left which it is united. The fitua-hypochondrium under the diation of the pancreas is fuch, that phragm or midriff, and immeit may be reckoned to have two diately above the left kidney. Its faces, an upper and a lower, two fhape is of a longifh tongue, and edges, the anterior and the flattifh. pofterior, and two extremities, the one to the right, and the other to the left; that to the right, which is connected to the gut, is moft confiderable. The pancreas is covered with two membranes, the one common, and the other proper. The common confifts of the two The spleen is kept in its fituation not only by refting on the adjacent vifcera, but alfo by membranous ligaments which tie it to the diaphragm, and fometimes to the ftomach itself, as alfo to the colon and the left kidney by means of the caul and the blood.veffels. It has two faces; that Q42 |