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and Spain about Falkland's island.—Spain, the aggressor, re-
fufes to make adequate fatisfaction—trufts to the co-operation
of France-difappointed-offers conceffions that fatisfy the
British court.—America becomes more tranquil Difcontents
ftill continue in England.-London addretes the king-dig
nified answer of his majesty—noted reply of Beckford, the
lord mayor-Meeting of parliament.-Lord Mansfield's
doctrines on the law of libel-are controverted by lord Cam-
den-Camden challenges the chief juftice to a legal difquifi-
tion on the subject lord Mansfield declines the conteft.—
Profecution of printers.-Mifunderflanding between the tavo
boufes.-Singular confederacy for bribery in the borough of
Shoreham-Oppofition cenfure the terms of fatisfaction ad-
mitted from Spain. Supplies.—Session rifes. - Page 53
-
CHAP. X.
State of the colonies.-Effects of lord North's conciliatory at-
tempt.-Striking diverfity of fentiment and Spirit between
New England and other colonies-is not fufficiently regarded
by minifters. Discontents in England begin to fubfide.-
Meeting of parliament.-Petition for exemption from subscrib-
ing the Thirty-nine Articles.-Oppofed by one class on grounds
of theological principle-by another on political expediency.—
Petition of the diffenters.-Haughton's bill for the relief of
the diffenters is paffed the house of commons, but thrown out
by the lords-Clerical nullum tempus bill is rejected.—Law
for reftricling the marriage of the royal family.—Arguments
against it-for it-paffed.-Eaft India affairs.-Supplies..
-Seffion rifes.—Death of the princess dowager of Wales.
-Operations between Russia and Turkey.—Scheme of Fre-
deric and Catharine for partitioning Poland-offer Auftria
a share-she objects to the inequality of the divifion-her
fcruples are vanquished by a larger diftribution.-Difmem-
berment of Poland.—Revolution in Sweden.-State of Den-
mark.-Incapacity of the king.-Character and conduct of the
queen.—Artificis, of the queen Dowager.—Struenfee.—Ac-
cufation and arreft of Matilda.-Remonftrances of the court
Hi Britannic majefty demands and rescues his
of London
--
ions.
and affords her an afylum in his German
Page 86
CHAP. XI.
America, tranquil in the fouth, is turbulent in the north.
Maffachufets difavows the authorities of the British confti-
tution.-Britain.-Mercantile failures of 1772.-Alex-
ander Fordyce.-Change of mercantile character.—Influence
of accumulation in India.- Stock-jobbing-fictitious credit
extravagant adventure without capital.-High eftimation
of lord North for financial skill.-Affairs of the India com-
pany its pecuniary embarrassments—conduct of its fervants,
and diftresses of the natives—reported to the house of commons by
a committee. The company propofe a scheme for correcting and
reftraining its fervants.-Parliament undertakes the task.-
Company's petition for a loan-granted on certain conditions.
-Company allowed to export tea from Britain duty-free.-
Lord North's plan for the government of India-difcuffed
in parliament-passes into a larv.—Inquiry into the conduct
of lord Clive.-Diftinguished abilities of Meffrs. Thurlow
and Wedderburne fhewn against and for lord Clive.-The
war with the Caribs.-Increase of half-pay to naval cap-
tains.-Petition of the diffenters—is rejected.—Supplies.-
Reduction of the national debt.—Continental affairs.—Com→
pletion of the dismemberment of Poland.-Violent attacks of
Roman catholic powers on their clergy.-America-tran-
quillity, and flourishing commerce.-Britain-difcontent
and licentioufnefs fubfide.--Increafing trade and prosperity
imputed to the policy of lord North.-The minifter now
at the zenith of his fame.
115
CHAP. XII.
Object of the minister in his propofition respecting the export of
tea.-Alarm at Bofton.-Discovery of the governor's letters to
the English miniftry.—News arrives in Boston,that ships laden
with tea are on their way.-Riots.-Governor's proclamation
is difregarded.-Ships arrive at Boston.-A mob throws
the cargo into the fea.-Meeting of parliament.-King's
message refpecting the disturbances, at Boston, is difcuffed in
parliament.-Bill for blocking up the port of Boston.The
punishment of a whole community for the acts of a part, is
defended by minifters.-The principle and provisions of the
bill are impugned by oppofition as unjust and unwife.-Pre-
cedents difcuffed.-Oppofition predict, that it will drive the
colonies to confederate revolt.-The bill paffes into a law.
Mr. Fuller's motion for repealing the duty on tea.-Mr.
Burke's celebrated Speech on American taxation.-Coercive
plan of minifters farther developed.-Bill for changing the
civil government of Maffachufets.-Bill for changing the
adminiftration of juftice therein.-Quebec bill.-Inquiry into
the state of prifons.-Howard.-Supplies.-Literary pro-
perty afcertained by a decifion of the house of peers.-Seffion
clofes.-Expectations and apprehenfions from the coercive
meafures of the legislature. Page 142
CHAP. XIII.
Continental affairs.-Progrefs and conclufion of the war be-
tween Ruffia and Turkey-terms of peace-motives of Ca-
tharine-Poland.-Viers of Pruffia and Auftria.— France.
-Death of Louis XV.-character,-tool of his favourites,
he did not difcern the commencing changes of public opinion.-
Promifing beginnings of Louis XVI.—Spain deprives the
inquifition of its moft terrible powers.America.-Effects
of the Bofton port bill-ferment through the provinces-
communicates
1
communicates to other colonies.-Refolutions of the provincial
affemblies-general concert proposed-folemn league and co-
venant.—A general congress meets at Philadelphia-ap-
proves of the conduct of Massachusets, and promises support—
declares principles and objects of affociation.—Declaration of
rights-of grievances, and propofed redrefs.-Petition to the
king. Addrefs to the people of Britain.-Of Canada.-Re-
monftrance to general Gage.Addrefs to the colonies.
Meeting breaks up. - General spirit of the colonial proceedings.
-Military preparations.—Maffachusets Baythe great hinge
of peace and war-contention with the governor-forms a
provincial congrefs, which affumes the fupreme power.
Page 182
CHAP. XIV. CHAP.
Impreffion in Britain from the American difputes.-Diffolution
of parliament.-General election.-Leading characters in
the new parliament-Meeting of parliament-king's
Speech-addrefs-indecifion of minifters.-Character and
policy of lord North-opinions of his power and effic
ciency.-Petitions prefented from America, and American,
merchants, to parliament and the king-difmiffed without a
hearing.-Lord Chatham, though loaded with infirmities,
returns to the house his introductory Speech—his plan of
conciliation rejected.-Conquest of America conceived by mi-
nifters to be eafy.-Americans afferted to be all cowards.-
Mr. Fox's obfervations on the inspiring efficacy of liberty.—
Parliament declares Maffachufets Bay to be in a state of re-
bellion-Meffage from the king, requiring an augmenta-
tion of forces.-Bill for prohibiting the New England
provinces from commerce and fifbery.-Lord North's plan
conciliation-apprehended by courtiers to concede too much,
by oppofition to concede too little.-Mr. Fox oppofes its in-
confiftency.-Lord North's policy wavering and irrefolute.-
Dexterous retreat to fatisfy the fupporters of coercion.—Mr.
Burke's conciliatory plan, on the grounds of expediency-out-
of
lines and character-predicts civil and foreign war from
the conduct of minifters-rejected.-Mr. Hartley's concilia-
tory bill-rejected.-Minifters averse to all conciliatory
overtures.-Bill for extending commercial prohibitions.-
Loyalty of New York province-representation from it to the
commons-difmiffed unheard.-Supplies.-Seffion closes.
War unavoidable.-Literary advocates for and againft
America. Page 211
CHAP. XV.
Critical fate of affairs in America-general enthusiasm
guided by prudence.-The provincials learn the reception of
their petitions, and the measures of the new parliament.-
Warlike preparations-general Gage attempts to feize flores
-detachment fent to Concord-to Lexington-firft hoftile
conflict between Britain and her colonies-British retire
—an American army raised-second meeting of congress
-fpirit of republicanism-New York accedes to the confede-
racy.-War-attempt on Ticonderago-the Americans in-
veft Boston-battle of Bunker's_hill-Americans not cow-
ards, as reprefented-provincials elated with the event-
block up Bofton-project an expedition into Canada-political
and military reafons.-Washington commander in chief.-
Montgomery heads the army sent to Canada-progress on the
Lakes-neglected fate of the British forts-enters Canada-
captures Montreal-march of Arnold across the country
arrives oppofite to Quebec-junction with Montgomery-
Siege of Quebec.-General Carleton's difpofitions for its de-
fence-attempts to form it-Montgomery killed-fiege
raifed.-Proceedings in the fouth-of lord Dunmore in
Virginia.-Scheme for exciting negroes to massacre their
Carolinas.-
mafters - Connelly's project.-Maryland -
Farther proceedings of congrefs.-Refult of 1775. 257