The Spirit of Laws, Том 2

Charles de Secondat baron de Montesquieu

J. Nourse and P. Vaillant, 1750 - 483 страници

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That a prince ought not to engage him Self in commerce Pag	15

The fame fubject continued ibid Chap XIX Of commerce in a monarchy	16

A fingular reflection ibid Chap XXI To what nations commerce is preju dicial	18

BOOK XXI	21

Of the people of Africa	22

The principal difference between the com merce of the ancients and the moderns	23

Other differences	24

Of the commerce of the ancients	25

Of the bounds prefcribed to the custom of judicial combats	278

Of the judiciary combat between one of the parties and one of the witneffes	280

Of the judicial combat between one of the parties and one of the lords peers Appeal of falfe judgment	282

Of the appeal of default of justice	289

Epoch of the reign of St Lewis	294

Obfervations on appeals	297

The fame fubject continued	298

The fame fubject continued	299

Of the commerce of the Greeks and that of Egypt after the conqueft of Alexander	33

Of Carthage and Marſeilles	43

Of the genius of the Romans as to mari time affairs	49

Of the commerce of the Romans with the Barbarians	51

Of the commerce of the Romans with Ara bia and the Indies	52

Of commerce after the deftruction of the Western empire	54

A particular regulation	55

Another of Mr Bayles paradoxes pag	150

Of the laws of perfection in religion	151

Of the connection between the moral laws and thofe of religion	152

Of the Effenes ibid Chap X Of the fect of ftoics	153

Of contemplation	154

Of penance ibid Chap XIII Of inexpiable crimes	155

In what manner religion has an influence on civil laws	156

How falſe religions are ſometimes corrected by the civil laws	158

How the laws of religion correct the in conveniencies of a political conftitution	159

The fame ſubject continued	160

How the laws of religion have the effect of civil laws	161

The fame fubjet continued	163

Of the metempsychosis ibid Chap XXII That it is dangerous for religion to in Spire an averfion for things in themselves indifferent	164

Of feftivals	165

Of the local laws of religion	166

The inconveniency of transplanting a re ligion from one country to another	167

The fame fubject continued	168

Of temples	172

Of the luxury of fuperftition	178

Why the Chriftian religion is fo odious	186

The fame fubject continued	193

That things which ought to be regulated	199

In what inftances marriages between	205

That we ought not to decide by the rules	212

The fame fubject continued pag	213

That the regulations of the police	220

That the laws of the barbarians were	237

The fame ſubject continued	244

The fame fubject continued	250

Another difference	256

Of the ordeal or trial by boiling water eftablished by the Salic law pag	258

Particular notions of our ancestors	259

In what manner the custom of judicial combats gained ground	262

A new reafon of the difufe of the Salic and Roman laws as alſo of the capitularies	268

Origin of the point of honour	270

A new reflection upon the point of honour among the Germans	272

Of the manners relative to judicial com bats	273

Of the code of laws on judicial com bats	275

The fame fubject continued	300

In what manner the proceedings at law became fecret	301

Of the cofts	302

Of the public profecutor	304

In what manner the inftitutions	307

In what manner the judiciary forms were	315

The fame fubject continued	321

BOOK XXIX	327

That laws which feem contrary proceed	334

That laws which appear the fame are Sometimes really different	335

of the Roman laws on theft	336

That we must not feparate the laws from the circumftances in which they were made	339

That fometimes it is proper the law fhould amend itself	340

ibid	344

A bad method of giving laws	346

Of the ideas of uniformity	347

Of legiſlators	348

BOOK XXX	349

Of the fource of feudal laws	350

The origin of vaffalage	351

The fame ſubject continued	352

Of the conqueft of the Franks	353

Of the Goths Burgundians and Franks	354

Different ways of dividing the lands	355

The fame fubject continued	356

A just application of the law of the Burgun dians and of that of the Vifigoths in relation to the divifion of lands	357

Of fervitudes pag	358

Chap	359

Of taxes paid by the Romans and Gauls	365

Of the feudal lords or vaffals	374

Of compofitions among the barbarous	382

Of what was afterwards called the jurif	388

That the jurifdictions were established	395

Of the French nobility	405

BOOK XXXI	413

How the civil government was reformed	418

Of the genius of the nation in regard to	425

In what manner the allodial eftates were	431

State of Europe at the time of Charles	438

Of the elections of bishops and abbots	445

Charlemain	451

The fame fubject continued ibid	460

Changes in the fiefs pag	465

The fame fubject continued	471

The fame fubject continued	482

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The Spirit of Laws, Том 2
Charles de Secondat baron de Montesquieu
Пълен достъп - 1901

The Spirit of Laws, Том 2
Charles de Secondat baron de Montesquieu
Пълен достъп - 1886

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againſt alfo almoſt alſo amongſt ancient appeal Baluzius Barbarians Beau Beaumanoir becauſe Befides Book Burgundians cafe capitulary caufes cauſe Chap Charlemain Charles the Bald civil laws clergy commerce compofition confequence conftitution court cuſtoms divifion emperor eſtabliſhed faid fame fubject continued fays fecond feems fent fhall fhould fiefs filver firft firſt flaves fome fpecie fpirit Franks ftate ftill fucceffion fuch fufficient Gregory of Tours himſelf huſband Ibid increaſed inftitutions itſelf judge judicial combats juftice king king's lands lefs Lewis the Pious Lombards lord manner manoir Marculfus marriage moft monarchy moſt muſt nations nature neceffary nobility obferved obliged ordained peers perfon prefent prince puniſhed reaſon refpect regulations religion Roman law Salic law ſeveral ſpeak ſtate Tacitus thefe themſelves theſe things thofe thoſe thouſand tion tulary twelve tables ufage Ulpian uſe vaffals Vifigoths villein witneffes XXVIII XXXI Воок

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Страница 169 - The different religions of the world do not give to those who profess them equal motives of attachment; this depends greatly on the manner in which they agree with the turn of thought and perceptions of mankind. We are extremely addicted to idolatry, and yet have no great inclination for the religion of idolaters; we are not very fond of spiritual ideas, and yet are most attached to those religions which teach us to adore a spiritual being. This proceeds from the satisfaction we find in ourselves...‎

Среща се в 15 книги от 1750-2005

Страница 301 - ought to give their testimony in open court." Boutillier's commentator says he had learned of ancient practitioners, and from some old manuscript law books, that criminal processes were anciently carried on in public, and in a form not very different from the public judgments of the Romans. This was owing to their not knowing how to write ; a thing in those days very common. The usage of writing fixes the ideas, and keeps the secret; but when this usage is laid aside, nothing but the notoriety of...‎

Среща се в 9 книги от 1750-2004

Страница 208 - Egyptian religion, which consecrated these marriages in honour of Isis. As the spirit of religion leads us to attempt whatever is great and difficult, we cannot infer that a thing is natural from its being consecrated by a false religion. The principle which informs us that marriages between fathers and children, between brothers and sisters, are prohibited in order to preserve natural modesty in families will help us to the discovery of those marriages that are forbidden by the law of nature, and...‎

Среща се в 8 книги от 1750-2004

Страница 251 - The unhappy reigns which followed that of Charlemagne, the invasions of the Normans and the civil wars, plunged the conquering nations again into the darkness out of which they had emerged, so that reading and writing were quite neglected. Hence it is, that in France and Germany the written laws of the Barbarians, as well as the Roman law and the Capitularies fell into oblivion. The use of writing was better preserved in Italy, where reigned the Popes and the Greek Emperors, and where there were...‎

Среща се в 8 книги от 1750-2004

Страница 43 - Pillars as the latter from Carthage. This situation is extremely remarkable. It lets us see that Hanno limited his settlements to the 25th degree of north latitude; that is, to two or three degrees south of the Canaries. Hanno being at Cerne undertook another voyage, with a view of making further discoveries towards the south. He took but little notice of the continent. He followed the coast for twenty-six days, when he was obliged to return for want of provisions. The Carthaginians, it seems, made...‎

Среща се в 10 книги от 1750-2004

Страница 344 - ... because the king's crown is round. I shall not examine here into the king's rights, or whether in this case the reason of the civil or ecclesiastic law ought to submit to that of the law of politics ; I shall only say, that those august rights ought to be defended by grave maxims. Was there ever such a thing known as the real rights of a dignity founded on the figure of that dignity's sign ? Davila...‎

Среща се в 8 книги от 1750-2004

Страница 66 - Now, at present, fifty quintals of ore yield four, five, and six ounces of gold:1 and when it yields only two, the miner receives no more from it than his expenses. In two hundred years, when the miner will extract only four, this too will only defray his charges. There will then be but little profit to be drawn from the gold mines. The same reasoning will hold good of silver, except that the working of the silver mines is a little more advantageous than those of gold. But, if mines should be discovered...‎

Среща се в 9 книги от 1750-2004

Страница 120 - ... cities.^ Thus, with the enjoyment of a small territory and great happiness, it was easy for the number of the citizens to increase to such a degree as to become burdensome. This obliged them incessantly to send out colonies,' and, as the Swiss do now, to let their men out to war. Nothing was neglected that could hinder the too great multiplication of children. They had among them republics, whose constitution was very remarkable. The nations they had subdued were obliged to provide subsistence...‎

Среща се в 10 книги от 1750-2004

Страница 24 - ... and only defend their liberty to sell themselves by piecemeal to the Turks and Persians, one could never imagine that this country had ever, in the time of the Romans, been full of cities, where commerce convened all the nations of the world. We find no monument of these facts in the country itself; there are no traces of them, except in Pliny1 and Strabo.2 The history of commerce is that of the communication of people.‎

Среща се в 8 книги от 1750-2004

Библиография

Заглавие	The Spirit of Laws, Том 2 The Spirit of Laws, Charles de Secondat baron de Montesquieu
Автор	Charles de Secondat baron de Montesquieu
Преведена от	Thomas Nugent
Издател	J. Nourse and P. Vaillant, 1750
Оригиналът е от	Мичиганският университет
Цифровизирана на	12 май 2008
Брой страници	483 страници

Експортиране на описанието	BiBTeX EndNote RefMan

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