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(In the second person add the usual suffix: the third person has no suffix.)

Pluperfect.

The same as the preceding tense, adding był to the masc. sing., była to the fem., and było to the neuter; byli for masc. plur., and były for fem. and neuter.

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Add the regular suffixes to the first and second persons as above, and add the suffixes to the plural, which will be miełoby for the masc., and miałyby for the fem. and neut.; thus, mielobiśmy, &c.

SUBJUNCTIVE.

Add żeby, with suffixes for each of the persons, to the ordinary past tense miał, in its various mutations of gender and number.

OPTATIVE.

Add oby, with the same suffixes.

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Mający mieć.

mająca mieć. I mające mieć.

Note. The verb mam (I have) is frequently used with merely a future signification, as wydanie ma być ozdobione trzema portretami, 'The edition will be furnished with three portraits.'

GERUNDS.

Mając, 'having.'

Miawszy, 'having had.'

Conjugation of Regular Verbs.

FIRST CONJUGATION.

The mark of the conjugation is the second person singular present of the verbs niedokonane, or the future anterior of the verbs dokonane, which of necessity have no present, as I have previously stated.

The characteristic of the first conjugation is the letter a in the second person singular of the present.

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For the masculine, add the suffixes for the first and second persons, with the bindevocal e to the participial form in 7, and add them also to the feminine kochala and the neuter kochalo. For the plural masculine, add the suffixes to kochali, and for the feminine and neuter to kochaly, thus kochałem, kochałam, kochałom, &c.

Pluperfect.

To form this tense, add to the perfect był for the masculine singular, and byłi for the plural; była for the feminine singular, and było for the neuter; and były for the plural of both genders.

Future.

Put the auxiliary będę-inflecting it regularly, as in the form given under the verb być, to be,'-before kochał for the masculine singular, and kochałi for plural; kochała for feminine, and kochało for neuter singular; and kochały for the plural of both, according to the invariable rule.

IMPERATIVE.

Kochaj.

Niech or niechaj kocha.

Kochajmy.

Kochajcie.

Niech or niechaj kochają.

It will be observed that the characteristic letter of the imperative is j, to which the terminations of the plural are added, e. g. kocha-j-my.

I have not given at length another form of the imperative included in some grammars: it is formed by adding the enclitic ż or ze to the simple form

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