Political Repression in 19th Century EuropeRoutledge, 17.06.2013 г. - 432 страници Originally published in 1983. The nineteenth century was a time of great economic, social and political change. As Europe modernized, previously ignorant and apathetic elements in the population began to demand political freedoms. There was pressure also for a freer press, for the rights of assembly and association. The apprehension of the existing elites manifested itself in an intensification of often brutal form of political repression. The first part of this book summarizes on a pan-European basis, the major techniques of repression such as the denial of popular franchise and press censorship. This is followed by a chronological survey of these techniques from 1815 – 1914 in each European country. The book analyzes the long and short-term importance of these events for European historical development in the 19th and 20th centuries. |
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... electoral laws and/or known data for other dates. All other data are precise calculations or interpolations within ... electoral ability was so frequently espoused that Spanish liberals noted in the prologue to their 1837 electoral law ...
... electoral law of March 1831 depended upon a direct tax payment requirement that enfranchised fewer than 50,000 Belgians (about 1 per cent) in a population of 4 million in 1831. In 1848, the tax requirement was liberalized, increasing ...
... electoral laws of staggering complexity. Thus, the Dutch electoral reform of 1896, which doubled the electorate by enfranchising 12 per cent of the population, provided that adult Dutch males could obtain the suffrage by: 1) paying one ...
... electoral system of 1905 (similar to the Austrian system of 1861–1907), voters were divided into four categories or curia: landowners, urban residents, peasants, and industrial workers. Voters in each category voted for electors who ...
... electoral system, most voters went through only one indirect electoral stage, while the lower classes went through multiple indirect stages. Another technique used in a number of European countries to discourage the election of ...
Съдържание
1909 | |
1915 | |
The Victims of Repression Political Prisoners and Exiles | |
The Age of Repression and Revolution 18151850 | |
The Age of Repression and Reconstruction 18501870 | |
The Age of Repression and Reform 18701914 | |
Political Repression in NineteenthCentury Europe | |
References | |
Index | |