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for October laft. We are here informed, that this collection is puba lifhed as a sketch only, which,' the Compiler thinks, may be useful in its prefent form, but means to make it as perfect hereafter as the plan requires.' The book confifts of lifts of fubftantives to exercise the rules of declenfions and genders; of adjectives, adverbs, conjunctions and interjections; of verbs with their compounds, to exercife the rules for the perfects and fupines, and, farther, a number of examples to exercife the Syntax rules: after which the vocabulary is Englifhed, and alfo the Syntax examples. This publication may prove an useful affitant, particularly to fuch who have recourse to grammar, which it is defigned to accompany.

Art. 46. A New French Dictionary, in two Parts: The firft, French and English; the fecond, English and French containing feveral Hundred Words not to be found in any of the Dictionaries hitherto published: the various Meanings of Words, often explained by French or English Sentences: the Genders of Nouns, Adjectives, and Pronouns, and the Conjugations of Verbs: the Irregularities of the Parts of Speech. To which is prefixed, A French Grammar, fhewing how to form the regular Parts of Speech. By Thomas Deletanville. 8vo. 7 s. London. Nourfe and Vaillant. This Dictionary feems to be more copious and perfect in every refpect than the abridgment of Boyer. We must beg leave, however, to fufpend our judgment with refpect to Mr. Deletanville's affertion, that it contains feveral hundred words not to be found in any of the dictionaries hitherto published.

1771.

Art. 47. A Memorial and Petition to the King's Most Excellent Majefty, on the Principles of public Faith, common Juice, and his own Royal Promife. By Samuel Lee, Surgeon-general to the Army. and to the Hofpital for Relief of indigent fick Perfons afflicted with Ruptures. 8vo. I S. Williams.

It appears from this Memorial, that Mr. Lee has been fingularly fuccefsful in his management of ruptures.

As to his pecuniary claim upon the crown, it has already had a hearing in fome of the courts of judicature, and is most certainly not determinable in the court of criticifm.

SERMON S.

I. The Grace of our Lord Jefus Chrift, the Love of God, and a divine Communion, recommended and enforced in a Sermon at a Meeting of the People called Quakers, in Leeds, the 26th of the 5th Month, commonly called June, 1769. Carefully taken down in Characters at the fame Time. By James Blakes, jun. 8vo. 1 s. Nicoll, &c.

II. The Folly and Danger of conforming to the World-at a Monthly Exercife, at the Rev. Mr. Reynolds's Meeting-place near Cripple. gate, March 1, 1771. By Samuel Stennet, D. D. 8vo. 6 d Buckland.

III. Two Sermons occafioned by the Death of the Rev. Robert Lawfon, A. M. at the Scotch Church, London Wall, May 5, 1771. By Thomas Ofwald, Minifter of the Scotch Church, Raffel-Street, Covent-Garden. 8vo. 1 s. Buckland.

Mr. Farmer's Differtation on Miracles, and Dr. Henry's Hiftery of Great Britain, in our next,

APPENDIX

TO THE

MONTHLY REVIEW,

VOLUME the FORTY-FOURTH.

FOREIGN LITERATURE.

ART. I.

Voyage Literaire de la Grece, &c.-A Literary Journey through Greece, or Letters on the ancient and modern Greeks, with a Parallel of their Manners. By M. Guys, Merchant, of the Academy of Marfeilles. 12mo. 2 Vols. Paris. 1771.

TH

HESE volumes contain a variety of mifcellaneous obfervations on the national character, arts, manners, customs, and commerce of the Greeks. The Writer feems to be a man of fpirit and fentiment; but he frequently indulges his vivacity, or his turn for fpeculation, till his fubject is out of fight. He writes without much order or connection; but his matter is various; and as he is by no means a dull Writer, there are many to whom his book may afford an acceptable amusement.

From this Literary Journey we fhall, in the first place, give our Readers the 39th letter of the fecond volume, as it is on a fubject for which the Greeks have ever been famous, the first and beft of focial virtues, the love of our country.

You afk me if the Greeks fill love their country? That virtue is ftill theirs; and notwithstanding the prefent ftate of Athens, Sparta, Mytilene, and Corinth, the inhabitants retain the most ardent affection for their respective cities. That fentiment, which Nature has written on the hearts of mankind in general, the Greeks have cultivated with peculiar care; and it has even survived the fair monuments of their former glory.

I fpeak not here of that blind attachment, that connection formed by habit, ftrengthened by ignorance, and confirmed by the ties of property. Barbarians and favages love nothing, beaufe they know nothing more than their huts and hearths. Even - VOL. XLIV.

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among civilized nations the common people blindly follow one inflinctive fentiment; but men of enlightened minds, who have diftinct ideas of their inclinations and their duty, are attached to their country upon different principles.

I never felt more ftrongly the force of natural eloquence, than when I heard two Greeks difputing on the pre-eminence of their respective countries.

I travelled with a Tiniot, who had carried on a maritime commerce more than twenty years. He left his ifland to go to Smyrna, where he laid out his money in merchandice, which he carried to Marfeilles. From the laft place he embarked for our American iflands, and returned, in a regular courfe of exchange, to the port from whence he fet out, and where he fhould again renew the fame fyftem of commerce.

I was with him and M. Peyffonel + in 1748, during the war between England and France, in a small Swedish bottom, which was wrecked off the ifle of Andros. This Greek spoke many handfome things of Marfeilles, and of our colonies; but no country, he faid, was comparable to his own. His utmost ambition was to end his days in his island, and to carry thither the fruits of his toil and travels.

Such were all the Greeks I have known. One cannot but be interested in that pleasure and admiration with which they fpeak of their native country. The very name of it awakens their paffions and their powers; excites their tenderness, their eloquence, their ardour. I have made fome reflections on the patriotifm of the modern Greeks in comparing it, as is my ufual method, with that of their ancestors, and even with that of the Romans. Suffer me to fubmit thefe reflections to your judgment.

The patriotic affection was fo univerfally embraced by the ancients that it could hardly become a question; but for us it may not be ufelefs to expatiate upon it from time to time. We have in reality no attachment except to our capitals, whither the affemblage of arts, talents, and pleafures draws us almoft irrefiftibly, and where we frequently forget the places of our nativity.

The patriotifm of the ancient Greeks was founded on the moft powerful motives:

1. Natural inclination, the first feed of the paffion, in procefs of time, became an hereditary virtue, and was often carried

to extremes.

2. The principles of education.

* A native of Tine, a small island in the Archipelago.

Now the French Conful at Smyrna,

3. The beauty of the country and the climate. For local phyfic is not the feebleft tie that binds us to our common mo

ther.

4. The lectures of the ancient orators, always eloquent on this point.

5. The preference which the Greeks gave to their own laws and cuftoms above those of other nations.

6. The examples of thofe who had fignalized themselves by the zeal they had teftified, or the fervice they had done, for their country.

7. The religion of their country, which ever leads men to the local worship of their fathers; and under this head I comprehend feftivals and dances, to which the modern Greeks are not lefs attached than were their remotest ancestors.

The people of Candia called their country their mother *. "Though older," fays Plutarch, than our immediate parents, fhe has a ftronger right to our affection and duty +."

Nature and law, according to Lucian, place the patriotic before the filial duty. We learn arts and fciences, fays he, for no other purpose than to be useful to our country. We enjoy no property but to fupport her intereft and fecurity. Whatever the may be, fhe is fill the object of our affection, and we are afraid of being banished from her, even after death.

The body of Palinurus thrown by the waves upon a foreign fhore, is what the Trojans confidered as the moft deplorable circumstance attending their pilot . For, independently of the religious rites of burial, the ancients thought highly of the privilege of dying in their own families, and amongft their friends. Oreftes, before he is facrificed in Tauris, takes measures to fecure his interment; and Iphigenia, who does not then know him, promifes to fupply the place of a fifter.

The Greeks were not lefs attached to their laws than to their country. Bufiris and Spertis, Lacedæmonians, went courageously to Xerxes, and offered him their lives to discharge the punishment their fellow-citizens had merited for maffacring his heralds. The king, ftruck with their generofity, offered them the pardon they demanded for the Spartans, on this condition, that they should remain upon honourable terms at his court. The two Spartans refused this advantageous offer, faying, that

Pindar, in like manner, calls Thebes his mother, Marg ipaχρυσασί θηβα. Ifth. 1.

+ Telemachus fays to Idomeneus, who preffes him to ftay, "What! fhall I renounce my father, my mother, my country, which ought to be dearer to me than both ?" Odyff. lib. 23.

Nudus in ignota, Palinure, jacebis Arena.

L1 2

Virg. Æn. 6.

they

they could not poffibly live at a distance from their country, and under foreign laws. Death feemed preferable to this.

A ftranger faid one day to Theopompus the Lacedæmonian, without doubt from a defign to pay his court to him, "My name is Philolacon," that is, a lover of Sparta; "I with," faid the Spartan, "the love of your own country had induced you to take your furname from it. It would have done you more honour than that which you affect."

It is obfervable, that the antient, like the modern Greeks, affumed their Patronymics, not from felfish motives, as Theocritus did to diftinguith himself from another poet, to whom he was much fuperior, but that they might bear a name which to them was dearer than any other. I am Thyrsis of Ætna,” fays one of the paftoral poet's fhepherds, with great complacency, as another Greek would have faid, I am Dionyfius of Halicarnaffus, or I am Thales of Miletum."

While the Greeks thus affumed the name of their country, they found motives to do honour to it by their virtues or their talents, and confequently an emulation to exert both. "I yield to no man," fays Ajax, "my birth and my education at Salamis have fufficiently formed me to valour."

Thefe brave people looked upon it as a thing impoffible to furvive the ruin of their country. In Homer, to whom we muft neceffarily refer, when we fpeak of the manners and cuftoms of the Greeks, Priam is able to fupport his grief for the lofs of Hector, but cannot furvive the deftruction of Troy. "May the gods," faid he, "fend me down to the fhades, before I fee my city deftroyed by the Greeks *."

Ariftotle dies content with having obtained from Alexander the re-establishment of Stagyra, his native place, which the conqueror had given up to the ravages of his troops.

This tender attachment to the place of our nativity is the portion of those virtuous and fenfible hearts which Nature has formed

This noble fentiment is in the 24th Book of the Iliad. It was one of the great characteristics of antiquity. In the infant ftate of fociety, man was in love with Nature, and with the fcene of his exiftence. When Mr. Guys obferved, that the antients held the love of their country prior to all other duties, he might have confirmed his obfervation by a remarkable paffage in Valerius Maximus. Pietas. fcilicet, erga patriam, cujus majeftati, etiam illa quæ Deorum Numinibus æquatur, auctoritas parentum vires fuas jubjecit. Val. Max.

1. v. c. 6.

+ When Ulyffes, in the island of Calypfo, is defirous of once more beholding his native country, the poet reprefents him as fitting on the banks of the fea, his heart oppreffed, and, as he looks over the im

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