Industry and Trade, Том 1

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Cosimo, Inc., 1.11.2006 г. - 424 страници
British economist ALFRED MARSHALL (1842-1924) was one of the most prominent thinkers of his age, and his work influenced half a century of financial philosophy. Though the bulk of his work was completed before the turn of the 20th century, the global ramifications of World War I prompted him to reconsider his theories on international economics, and in 1919 he published the two-volume Industry and Trade. Here, in Volume I, he discusses. . the relationship between trade and industry . the social and political issues that thwarted and encouraged industrialization in Europe and America . technical influences on industrial economies . problems arising from marketing and massive retail commerce . modern finance and business organization . and more. ALSO FROM COSIMO: Marshall's Elements of Economics of Industry and Principles of Economics

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Debts of industrial technique to systematic record and
197
Some technical influences on the size of the representa
214
Further technical influences on the size of the business
235
Constructive speculation Organized produce markets
250
Some broad problems of general marketing 1 The costs
269
Appendix J Some minor problems of marketing 1 The costs
285
massive retail
289
Appendix K On education with special reference to a business career
297

The industrial leadership of France Individuality
107
science in
121
Appendix F The Zollverein 1 Though the first fruit of Germanys con
123
Appendix G Early industrial conditions and fiscal policies of
134
multi
140
Transition to present problems of industry and trade
163
The adjustment of production to demand in an open market
178
the growth and influence
308
its financial basis 1 Functions
329
its tasks and requirements
350
applications of scientific method
365
applications of scientific method
381
THEIR RELATIONS
393
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Страница 94 - A reference to the reports from abroad will show that in every quarter of the world the perseverance and enterprise of the Germans are making themselves felt. In the actual production of commodities we have now few, if any, advantages over them; and in a knowledge of the markets of the world, a desire to accommodate themselves to local tastes or idiosyncracies, a determination to obtain a footing wherever they can, and a tenacity in maintaining it, they appear to be gaining ground upon us.
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Страница 225 - That the master manufacturer, by dividing the work to be executed into different processes, each requiring different degrees of skill and force, can purchase exactly that precise quantity of both which is necessary for each process...
Страница 183 - Everyone buys, and nearly every producer sells, to some extent in a "general" market, in which he is on about the same footing with others around him. But nearly everyone has also some "particular" markets; that is, some people or groups of people with whom he is in somewhat close touch; mutual knowledge and trust lead him to approach them, and them to approach him, in preference to strangers. A producer, a wholesale dealer, or a shopkeeper, who has built up a strong connection among purchasers of...
Страница 170 - Capital, management, and skilled labor have become mobile in the extreme. The seat of manufacturing is now, and will continue to be more and more, simply a question where the requisite raw materials are found under suitable conditions. Capital and skilled labor have lost the power they once had to attract raw materials; these now attract labor and capital.
Страница 32 - ... times as great. Then, assuming the purchasers everywhere to be ready to pay the same price for the same goods, and neglecting the expenses of transhipment, we find that the town's market for those goods would have the shape of a long diamond, twenty miles from East to West, and two hundred miles from North to South; its area being about two thousand square miles. Meanwhile light perishable goods, which could not endure a slow journey by water, but could afford to be carried a hundred miles by...
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Страница 97 - ... of the populations of the world at large. It is to be noted also that the intellectual alertness, which this real education developed, was well adapted to stimulate that sort of invention which was most needed in the second half of the eighteenth century and the first half of the nineteenth.
Страница 189 - ... the economies of production on a large scale can seldom be allocated exactly to any one industry: they are in great measure attached to groups, often large groups, of correlated industries.

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