strength of mind, is diffused in the community. I have done enough, doubtless, to secure to myself the malignity of the intemperate, and the narrow-minded, of all parties. I have encouraged myself, however, with the belief, that civilization, and the improvement of the human mind, had, in this country, attained a sufficient elevation to make a book be received as useful, if it was really useful, though it neither exaggerated, nor extenuated, the good, or the evil, of any man, or combination of men: to afford a multitude, in every party, far enough removed from the taint of vulgar antipathies, to yield to an author, who spoke with sincerity, and who, though he has not spoken with a view to gratify any party, or any individual, most assuredly has never spoken with a view to hurt any, a compensation for the hostilities of the lower and more ungenerous portion of every party.

Though I am aware of many defects in the work which I have ventured to offer to the public; and cannot forget how probable it is, that more impartial and more discerning eyes will discover many which are invisible to mine, I shall yet appeal from the sentence of him, who shall judge of me solely by what I have not done. An equitable and truly useful decision would be grounded upon an accurate estimation of what I have done, and what I have not done, taken together.

It will also deserve to be considered, how much was in the power of any individual to compass. In so vast a subject, it was clearly impossible for one man to accomplish every thing. Some things it was necessary to leave, that others might be taken; some things it was necessary to handle but slightly, that others might be treated with greater attention. The geography, for example, alone, would have occupied a life-time. To nicety in the details of geography, I was, therefore, unable to aspire. I followed, without much criticism, the authors whom I was consulting, and was only careful to give, with correctness, that outline and those particulars, which were necessary for understanding completely the transactions recorded in my work. To compensate, as far as possible, for that which, in this department, I myself was unable to perform, I was anxious to afford the reader the advantage of Mr. Arrowsmith's map, by far the finest display which has yet

been made of the geography of India; and in any discrepancy, if any should appear, between the text and that reduction of his noble map, which is prefixed to the second volume, I desire the reader to be guided rather by the geographer than by the historian.

In the orthography of Indian names, I should not have aimed at a learned accuracy, even if my knowledge of the languages had qualified me for the task. I have not been very solicitous even about uniformity in the same name; for, as almost every author differs from another in the spelling of Eastern names, it appeared to me to be not altogether useless, that, in a book intended to serve as an introduction to the knowledge of India, a specimen of this irregu larity should appear.

There is another apparent imperfection, which I should have more gladly removed. In revising my work for the press, some few instances have occurred, in which I have not been able to verify the references to my authorities. This arose from one of the difficulties of my situation. Unable to command at once the large and expensive number of books, which it was necessary for me to consult, I was often dependent upon accident for the period of my supply; and, if not provided with the best channels of information, obliged to pursue my inquiries, at the moment, in such as I possessed. It was often, in these cases, useful, for the sake of memory, and of following out the thread of research, to quote, in the first instance, at second hand. When I afterwards obtained the better authority, it was a matter of anxious care to adjust the reference; but I have met with some instances in which I am afraid the adjustment has not been performed. I mention this, to obviate cavils at the appearance of inaccuracy, where the reality does not exist; inaccuracy in form, rather than in substance: for I have no apprehension that those who shall trace me with the requisite perseverance will accuse me of wanting either the diligence, or the fidelity of an historian; and I ought not to have undertaken the task, if Ihad not possessed the prospect of obtaining, sooner or later, the means of carrying it to completion.

108,
109, note

1, for artificia read artificial.

8, for are read is.

line 6 from the bottom of the page, for civ. cv. read clxiv; and for lib. ii. read lib. xi.

111, note §, for Ib. read Gentoo Code.

**

note for Ib. read Menu.

117, line 12, for Bin read Bice.

118,37, for principle read principles.
128,

3, note, for Brahmen read Brahmens.

130, 2, note, for Foster read Forster.

6, for was read is.

1, before most, insert the.

381, Subjoin to the end of note -A still more minute and beautiful illustration of this fact is to be found in Dr. A. Smith's Essay on the History of Astronomy, sect. ii.

425, last word, for Diophantus read Algebra.

460, line 16, for whom read who.

VOL. II.-Page 101. It has been suggested to me, that the allusion to the death of 400 Gentoos, made in the note of the translator of the Seer Mutakhareen, may have a stress laid upon it, which I should regret. I copied the note, merely as a specimen of the criticisms which were made on the spot, by persons not partial to the English. This, I conceived, was matter of instruction. But I never meant that any fact should stand, as confirmed, upon the authority of the translator of the Seer Mutakhareen; nor will it be so understood by any considerate reader. Had the statement appeared to me to rest upon proof, I should have thought it of sufficient importance to give it a place in the text. I have, since the volume was printed, had reasons given to me, by which I am convinced, that the allusion is not well founded, and that no such catastrophe ever occurred.

GLOSSARY.

ADAWLUT. Justice, equity; a court of justice. | BRINJARRIE, BINJARY, BENJary, Banjary. The terms Dewanny Adawlut, and Foujdarry

A grain merchant.

Adawlut, denote the civil and criminal courts BUNGALOW. The name used in Bengal, for a species of country-house, erected by Euro

of justice. See Dewanny and Foujdarry. AMEER, MEER, EMIR. A nobleman. AMEER UL OMRAH. Noble of nobles, lord of lords.

ANNA. A piece of money, the sixteenth part of
a rupee.

AUMEEN. Trustee, commissioner. A tempo-
rary collector or supravisor, appointed to the
charge of a country, on the removal of a
Zemindar, or for any other particular pur-
pose of local investigation or arrangement.
AUMIL. Agent, officer, native collector of
revenue. Superintendant of a district or
division of a country, either on the part of
the government, Zemindar, or renter.
AUMILDAR. Agent, the holder of an office.
An intendant and collector of the revenue,
uniting civil, military, and financial powers,
under the Mahomedan government.
AURUNG. The place where goods are manu-
factured.

BALA-GHAUT. Above the Ghauts, in con-
tradistinction to Payeen Ghaut, below the
Ghauts. The terms are generally applied to
the high table-land in the centre of India,
towards its southern extremity.
BANYAN. A Hindu merchant, or shop-keeper.
The term Banyan is used in Bengal to denote
the native who manages the money concerns
of the European, and sometimes serves him as
an interpreter. At Madras, the same descrip-
tion of persons is called Dubash, which sig-
nifies one who can speak two languages.
BATTA. Deficiency, discount, allowance.
lowance to troops in the field.
BAZAR. Daily market, or market place.
BEGA. A land measure equal, in Bengal, to
about the third part of an acre.

Al

BEGUM. A lady, princess, woman of high rank.
BICE, VAISYA. A man of the third Hindu
cast, who by birth is a trader, or husbandman.
BRAHMEN, BRAHMIN, BRAHMAN, BRAMIN.
A divine, a priest; the first Hindu cast.

peans.

CALY YUG, CALYOOGUM.

The present, or fourth age of the world, according to the chronology of the Hindus.

CASTE, CAST. A tribe, or class of people.
CARAVAN-SERAI. The serai of the caravan.
See Serai and Choultry..

CAwzi, Cazı, Kazy. A Mahomedan judge, or
justice, who also officiates as a public notary,
in attesting deeds, by affixing his seal. The
same as the officer we name Cadi, in Tur-
key.

CAUZY-UL-Cazaut.

Judge of judges; the
chief judge, or justice.
CHANDALA. One of the names for the most
degraded of the Hindu casts.

CHOKY, CHOKEE. A chair, seat; guard, watch.
The station of a guard, or watchman. A
place where an officer is stationed to receive
tolls and customs.
CHOULTRY. A covered public building, for
the accommodation of passengers.
CHOUT. A fourth: a fourth part of sums
litigated. Mahratta chout; a fourth of the
revenues, exacted as tribute by the Mah-

rattas.

CHUBDAR.

Staff-bearer. An attendant on a man of rank. He waits with a long staff, plaited with silver, announces the approach of visitors, and runs before his master, proclaiming aloud his titles. CHUNAM. Lime. CIRCAR. Head of affairs; the state or government; a grand division of a province; a head man; a name used by Europeans in Bengal, to denote the Hindu writer and accountant, employed by themselves, or in the public offices.

COLLURIES, COLEREES. Salt-works, the places where salt is made.

COOLIES, COOLY. Porter, labourer.

Coss. A term used by Europeans, to denote a

road-measure of about two miles, but differing | FOUJDARRY, FOJEDAREE. Office of a Foujdar. in different parts of India. FOUJDARRY COURT. A court for administering the criminal law.

CRORE. Ten millions.

CSHATRIYA, KSHATRIYA, CHETTERIE, KHE

TERY. A man of the second, or military GHAUT. A pass through a mountain: applied also to a range of hills, and the ford of a river.

caste.

CUTCHERRY. Court of justice; also the public office where the rents are paid, and other business respecting the revenue transacted. CUTWAL, KATWAL. The chief officer of police in a large town or city, and superintendant of the markets.

DAR. Keeper, holder. This word is often joined
with another, to denote the holder of a parti-
cular office or employment, as Chob-dar, staff-
holder; Zemin-dar, land-holder. This com-
pound word, with i, ee, y, added to it, denotes
the office, as Zemindar-ee.
DAROGAH. A superintendant, or overseer; as
of the police, the mint, &c.

GHEE. Clarified butter, in which state they pre-
serve that article for culinary purposes.
GHIRDAWAR, GIRDWAR. An overseer of police,
under whom the goyendas, or informers, act.
GOMASTAH. A commissioner, factor, agent.
GOOROO, GURU. Spiritual guide.
GoYENDA. An inferior officer of police; a spy,
informer.

GUNGE. A granary, a depôt, chiefly of grain
for sale. Wholesale markets, held on particu-
lar days. Commercial depôts.

GURRY. A name given to a wall flanked with

towers.

reside.

messenger.

HOWDA. The seat of great men fixed on an elephant, not much unlike the body of a sedan in shape.

DAUM, DAM. A copper coin, the fortieth part HARAM. Seraglio, the place where the ladies of a rupee. DECCAN. Literally, the south. A term em- HIRCARRA, HARCARRAH. A guide, a spy, a ployed by Mahomedan writers, to denote the country between the rivers Nerbuddah and Crishna. DECOITS. Gang-robbers. Decoity, gang-robbery. DEWAN, DUAN. Place of assembly. Native minister of the revenue department; and chief justice, in civil causes, within his jurisdiction; receiver-general of a province. The term is also used, to designate the principal revenue servant under an European collector, and even of a Zemindar. By this title, the East India Company are receivers-general of the revenues of Bengal, under a grant from the Great Mogul.

DEWANNY, DUANNEE. The office, or jurisdic-
tion of a Dewan.

DEWANNY COURT OF ADAWLUT. A court for
trying revenue, and other civil causes.
DOAB, DOOWAB. Any tract of country in-
cluded between two rivers.
DROOG. A fortified hill or rock.
DUBASH. See Banyan.

DURBAR. The court, the hall of audience; a
levee.

FAQUEER, FAKIR. A poor man, mendicant, a religious beggar.

FIRMAUN, PHIRMAUND. Order, mandate. An imperial decree, a royal grant, or charter. FOUJDAK, FOJEDAR, PHOUSDAR, FOGEDAR. Under the Mogul government, a magistrate of the police over a large district; who took cognizance of all criminal matters within his jurisdiction, and sometimes was employed as receivergeneral of the revenues.

JAGHIRE, JAGHEER. Literally, the place of
taking. An assignment to an individual of the
government share of the produce of a portion
of land. There were two species of jaghires;
one, personal, for the use of the grantee ;
another, in trust, for some public service,
most commonly, the maintenance of troops.
JAMMA, JUMMA. Total, amount, collection, as-
sembly. The total of a territorial assessment.
JAMMABUNDY, JUMMABUNDY. A written sche-
dule, of the whole of an assessment.
JEEL, KEEL. A shallow lake, or morass.
JINJAL. A large musket, fixed on a swivel,
used in Indian forts, and fired with great pre-
cision.

JUG. See Yug.

JUNGLE, JANGLE. A wood, or thicket; a country over-run with shrubs, or long grass. KHALSA. Pure, unmixed. An office of government, in which the business of the revenue department is transacted: the exchequer. Khalsa lands, are lands, the revenue of which is paid into the exchequer.

KHAN, CAWN. A title, similar to that of Lord. KHILAUT, KELAUT. Á robe of honour, with which princes confer dignity.

KILLadar, KelladaR. Warder of a castle; commander of a fort.

KIST. Stated payment, instalment of rent.