The Rationality of ScienceRoutledge & Kegan Paul, 1981 - 294 страници Traditional philosophical accounts of the scientific enterprise represent it as a paradigm of institutionalized rationality. The scientist is held to possess a special method which he disinterestedly applied, generating an accumulation of scientific knowledge about the world, and the evolution of science is seen as being determined by the rational deliberations of scientists and not by psychological or sociological factors. More recently, various philosophers, historians and sociologists of science have held that this rational model is no longer tenable. Some have claimed that there is no such thing as a scientific method or scientific progress, and that theories are incommensurable and so there is no possibility of choice between alternative theories. The more extreme non-rationalists seek to explain scientific change exclusively in terms of psychological and sociological factors. In this book, the author explores the controversy between the two approaches and presents a strongly critical and independent view of both rationalists like Popper and Lakatos and non-rationalists such as Kuhn and Feyerabend. He goes on to develop his own account of the scientific enterprise--temperate rationalism, a vindication of the rationalist approach to science and of a realist construal of theories.-- |
Съдържание
Observation Theory and Truth | 19 |
Popper The Irrational Rationalist | 44 |
In Search of the Methodologists Stone | 77 |
Авторско право | |
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accept action anomalies approximately true argued argument articulate assertions assumption belief Bloor and Barnes causal Chapter claim conception Consequently construal dictates of reason differential assessment electric charge evaluation evidence fact factors Feyerabend following the dictates give given goal of science heuristic history of science hypothesis Ibid incommensurability instance interest involves judgments justify Kuhn Lakatos Lakatos's logic mathematics matter meaning variance method methodology minirat account Newtonian mechanics objective observational success paradigm particular philosophy of science Popper Popperian positive heuristic postulates predictions principles of comparison probability problem programme progress Quantum Mechanics question rational model rationalist realist reference regard reject relative relativistic mechanics require rival theories role scientific change scientific community scientific enterprise scientific theories scientists sentences sequence simply sociology sociology of knowledge solving specified strong programme suppose T-terms T₁ T₂ theoretical theory choice thesis true or false truth verisimilitude