That is,

Turkey, the place of BEGINNING to come. Ceiling, the place of BEGINNING to fall. Ceiling, the place of BEGINNING to hang. FROM therefore relates to beginning, and refers to time as well as motion.

One great difference between the fyftems of Mr. Harris and Mr.Tooke, is their definition of these particles. The former hath defined them to be of themfelves without any fignification, the latter afferts, that even by themfelves they have a diftinct meaning. Mr. Tooke, therefore, has fome curious difquifitions on the fubject, with which the scholar, who has a taste for grammatical refearches, will be much pleased. When the whole work is completed we fhall give an ampler fpecimen of it to our readers. At prefent no full judgment could be formed. It will be beft, therefore, to defer hazarding an opinion concerning it till all its parts can be contemplated. We may then difcern more thoroughly the connection which fubfifts between thefe parts, and the utility of the whole. In the mean time, we must juft remark, that from what we have seen of it, it appears to be entitled to the praife of a very ingenious fimplicity. Two parts of speech are certainly lefs cumbersome than four or eight, or any greater number. Whatever reduces the fubjects of knowledge to an eafier comprehenfion, aids the pupil in his literary acquirements, and extends the boundaries of science.

A portion of this volume is taken up in answering fome objections which were made to the work by Mr. Windham, Secretary at War, and others concerned with him in the animadverfions. Mr. Tooke is very fevere upon them, and in his own opinion, we doubt not, flatters himself with an entire victory. It must be ac knowledged that he wields the arms of controversy with a fkilful hand, and is determined that his antagonists fhall feel his blows. In this conteft, we are apprehenfive that literary oppofition is heightened by political animofity.

We

We are forry to find that Mr. Tooke condemns the dictionary of the great lexicographer JOHNSON in fuch unqualified terms of feverity. That it is defective, we own, for all human productions are imperfect. But that its merit is neverthelefs very great, every candid man will acknowledge. Hear, however, Mr. Tooke on the fubject:

"Johnfon's merit ought not to be denied him, but his Dictionary is the most imperfect and faulty, and the least valuable of any of his productions; and that fhare of merit which it poffeffes makes it by fo much the more hurtful. I rejoice, however, that though the leaf valuable, he found it the most profitable, for I could never read his preface without a tear. And yet it must be confeffed that his Grammar and Hiftory, and Dictionary of what he calls the English Language, are in all refpects (except the bulk of the latter) most truly contemptible performances; and a reproach to the learning and industry of a nation which could receive them with the flightest approbation."

"Nearly one third of this Dictionary is as much the language of the Hottentots, as of the English; and it would be no difficult matter fo to tranflate any one of the plainest and most popular numbers of the Spectator into the language of that Dictionary that no mere Englishman, though well read in his own language, would be able to comprehend one fentence of it.

"It appears to be a work of labour, and yet it is, in truth, one of the most idle performances ever offered to the public; compiled by an author who poffeffed not one fingle requifite for the undertaking, and (heing a publication of a set of book fellers) owing its fuccefs to that very circumstance which alone muft make it impoffible that it fhould deferve fuccefs."

Every one who is acquainted cither with the character of Johnfon, or with the contents of his Dictionary, will read the above paffage with aftonishment ! ! Yet fuch are Mr. Tooke's cenforial powers. Whenever he afcends the tribunal of judgment, the deftruction of the culprit is determined.

This volume is dedicated, or rather infcribed, to the University of Cambridge, where, it feems, Mr. Tooke

was

educated. Mention is alfo made of Dr. Beadon, the prefent amiable Bishop of Gloucefter. The infcription being short and curious fhall be transcribed :

TO THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE.

"One of her grateful fons, who always confiders acts of voluntary justice towards himself as favours, dedicates this humble offering. And particularly to her chief ornament for virtue and talents, the Rev. Doctor Beadun, Master of Jesus College."

We believe that an intimacy hath long fubfifted between thefe two literary characters, much to the honour and reputation of both parties. We alfo recollect, that when Mr. Tooke was tried for high treafon, Dr. Beadon bore ample teftimony to the moral character and learned purfuits of his friend. The work has for a frontispiece an elegant engraving of Mercury, the God of Wisdom.

Appeal to the Men of Great Britain in Behalf of Women. 5s. Johnson.

AMONG the various novelties of the eighteenth cen

tury, we must rank the enquiries which have been made into the nature and extent of the Rights of Women. It is a fubject which has of late greatly engaged the public attention, and very different opinions have been entertained relative to this important investigation. Some of the lords of the creation, have raved and stormed at the prefumption of female pens, while others of them have liftened eagerly to the eloquence of the fair, deeming them an injured race, and wishing them the attainment of perfect liberty.

Mrs. Woolftonecraft's Rights of Women will not be foon forgotten. The indignant tone with which that celebrated female demanded juftice, prejudiced many perfons against her production. We can, however, af

fure

fure our readers, that the present publication is of a different caft. The author of it is indeed a female, of ability and of fpirit, but the means to give no offence, and therefore none ought to be taken. Indeed the pleads her caufe well. Her language is frequently elegant, though not without diffufenefs, and every page affords a difplay of ingenuity.

This volume is only the firft part; we can therefore fcarcely give our decided opinion of the work, till the whole be prefented to us. For in the fecond volume the promifes the difcuffion of other topics connected with her fubject, and intends clofing with "a recapitulation of the main fubject of the appeal."

The Introduction, however, well expreffes the nature and tendency of the work. We fhall infert it, fince it will give the reader a tolerable idea of the whole performance.

"INTRODUCTION.

"It may at first fight appear abfurd to addrefs the following pages in behalf of women, to the men of Great Britain; whofe apparent intereft it perhaps is, in common with that of all other men, that things thould remain on the footing they are. But as the men of Great Britain, to whom in particular I chufe to appeal, have to their everlafting honour, always been remarkable for an ardent love of liberty, and high in their pretenfions to juftice with regard to themfelves; it is not to be believed, if the fubject of the prefent work were taken into their ferious confideration, but that the fame fentiments would be freely and generously extended to that clafs of beings, in whofe caufe I though unworthy appear. A clafs, upon whom the Almighty has ftamped fo fublime, fo unequivocal marks of dignity and importance, that it is difficult to conceive why men fhould wish to counteract the benevolent defigns of Providence in their favour; by leading in chains, too often galling to their fenfible and tender natures, thofe, whom heaven having in its wifdom formed the equals, could never furely, fave in its wrath, doom to be the flaves of man.

"To man then, to him alone who of all created beings challenges equality, nay more, who challenges fuperiority

over the injured party, is this little work seriously recommended. If it were equal to the fervent wishes of the author to render it worthy of those to whom it is addreffed, and of the public in general, oh how perfect how interesting it would be! But as it is, with all its imperfections on its head, if the writer indulges no romantic hopes, neither does the fuffer any abject fears. "Dans les pays de fervitude, le bien des hommes eft méprifé & le citoyen qui les aime y gemit & fe tait. Mais dans le féjour de la liberté, on eft fûr de l'eftime publique fi l'on travaile à leur bonheur. On vous fait gré du défir & de la tentative, même infructueuse; & c'eft lá que l'etranger lui même doit verfer fes lumieres."-In Britain then, in the favourite abode of liberty, shall a daughter of the fea-girt ifle' tremble to appear before the tribunal of her brethren?

"No! with a cause in hand so interefting to every individual, I come forward on the contrary with confidence, and to you fathers, brothers husbands, fons, and lovers, I fubmit the following pages. By all thofe tender ties may you be led to confider of what importance it is to fociety, to improve the understandings, the talents, and the hearts of thofe, who must one way or other, ill or well, act fuch principal parts on the stage of life. The confequences of this attention to their improvement, however good, however happy for them, are I apprehend equally interesting for you, which I flatter myself that I shall be able to prove; if, not alarmed or difgufted by the pretenfions already hinted at, you will deign to perufe the following attempt to restore female character to its dignity and independence; though I truft, neither at the expence of the peace, the happiness, or the self-importance of MAN.

"May I be permitted to introduce my defence of the female fex by that of an obscure individual, who wishes not to be thought even the anonymous circulator of opinions, which however just in themfelves, might in their tendency breed animofities, where peace and mutual confidence had before been only known. The reader may fmile at these confequential fears, and account the danger not very alarming; but, few indeed, and little, are the talents required, to do real and lasting mifchief. I must therefore repeat it, that the fear, the poffibility of doing harm, would certainly prevent me from making even my fentiments on the fubject public, did not the complaints and diffatisfactions of the fexes against each other fufficiently