is apparently derived from that of the older writer in v.37In the fourth year the House of Jehovah was founded in the Moon of Zif,'— where we have no explanation of this name 'the Moon of Zif,' since the later writer, having already given it in v.1, does not need to repeat it in v.37. We evidently owe to the same later writer the insertion in v.38 of the clause, that is the eighth month,' explaining another obsolete expression of the older writer in the Moon of Bul' (VI. 502).

28. 1K.vi.2-10,15-38. This account of the building of Solomon's Temple belongs throughout to the older narrative, except, as just observed, the explanatory clause in v.38, that is the eighth month,' also for the most holy of holies' in v.16, and, probably, that is the temple in front of it' in v.17.

Here we have used repeatedly, v.5,16,19,20-23,31, vii.49, viii.6,8a* (copied in 2Ch.iii.16, iv.20, v.7,9, comp. Ps. xxviii.2, nowhere else), for the adytum, 'chancel,' or sacred place of the Temple, derived by JEROME from 727, 'to speak,' as the place where the Deity revealed His oracles, and translated by him oraculum, oraculi sedes, but explained by GESENIUS from the Arabic 127 to be behind,' as meaning merely the hinder, i.e. the western, part of the Temple. It is plain that the phrase in v.16, for the holy of holies,' is added by a later

*It might be thought that 2K.xxv.17, which contains a detailed description of the two pillars,' would hardly have been written by one who had before him the full account of them in 1K.vii.15-22, and that, consequently, this passage, together with the whole narrative of the building of the Temple in 1K. vi.2-10,15-38, vii.1-51, of which it forms a part, must have been inserted by a later writer, that is, by one living during or after the Captivity, e.g. the writer of the account of the building of the Tabernacle in E.xxv, &c. But the use of the expression 77, as exhibited above, with the later explanations appended to it, as well as of the phrase 'laid-up gold,' which the L.L. never uses, points to an older author; and the writer in 2K.xxv.17, may very well have expatiated upon the height and form of these pillars, the most remarkable part of Nebuchadnezzar's spoils on this occasion, without considering the fact that they had been previously described so fully.

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writer in explanation of the original obsolete expression for the devir'; and in v.17 the final words, that is the temple (b) in front of it,' seem also to be due to the same writer, wishing to explain what the older writer meant by saying that 'the house' was 40 cubits in length. So in vii.50, where the original had 'for the doors of the inner house,' the L.L. adds 'for the holy of holies,' and in viii.6, after into the devir,' the L.L. adds in explanation, 'into the holy of holies.' But the phrase 'holy of holies' is used nowhere else in the Books of Kings nor in any one of the Psalmists or Prophets, except Ezekiel in his scheme of a Second Temple after the Captivity and Dan. ix.24. It is used, however, by L.L. repeatedly in the Pentateuch, E.xxvi.33,34, xxix.37, xxx.10,29,36, xl.10, L.ii.3,10, vi.17(10), 25(18),29(22), vii.1,6, x.12,17,xiv.13, xxiv.9, xxvii.28, N.iv.4,19, xviii.9,9,10, and nowhere else except in post-Captivity writings, Ez.xli.4, xliii.12, xliv.13, xlv.3, xlviii.12, Dan.ix.24, 1Ch.vi. 49(34), xxiii.13, 2Ch.iii.8,10, iv.22, v.7, Ezr.ii.63, Neh.vii.65 -the Chronicler using it in 2Ch.iii.8,10, where in the corresponding passages, 1K.vi.20,23, we find 777.

In vi.20,21, vii.49,50, x.21, we have laid-up (71) gold,' for costly or fine gold, which occurs also in the corresponding passages, 2Ch.iv.20,22, ix.20; but elsewhere the Chronicler uses always the phrase ' pure (in) gold,' 1Ch.xxviii. 17, 2Ch.iii.4, ix. 17, the expression always used by the L.L., E.xxv.11,17,24, &c., which does not occur in the Books of Kings. We observe also that the inner case of the golden altar of incense is here made of cedar, v.20, not of shittim-wood, as in E.xxx.1.

29. But 1K.vi.11-14 is evidently interpolated, v.15 being the continuation of v.10, and the identical words of v.9a being repeated again by the interpolator in v.14, in order to restore the connection of the narrative. GRAF says, p.103, note

'The addition, vi.11-13, is by a different hand, but hardly by that of the editor, as THENIUS assumes on account of the repetition of v.9 in v.14, since there was no occasion here for such an insertion. It is probably post-exilic, perhaps originally

a side-note: comp. L.xviii.4, xxvi.3, E.xxv.8, xxix. 45,[46,] [N.v.3, xxxv.34,] Ez.[v.7, xi.20, xviii.9,17, xx.13,16,19,21, xxxvi.27, comp. xxxiii.15,] xliii.[7],9, Zech.ii.10 (14),[11(15), viii.3].'

After a careful examination, I adhere to GRAF's conclusions. It is true that this passage is written very much in the style of ii.3,4, iii.14, and several of the phrases here used are common also to D. and Jeremiah. But with neither of these do we find expressions corresponding to that in v.13, 'I will dwell in the midst of the children of Israel,' comp. E.xxv.8, xxix.45,46, N.v.3, xxxv.34, Ez.xliii.7,9, Zech.ii.10(14),11(15), viii.3.*

30. 1K.vii.1-51a belongs to the older narrative, except that in v.50 we have explanatory clauses by the L.L., as in vi.16,17, viz. for the doors of the inner house, for the holy of holies, for the doors of the house, for the temple'-where the words. italicised are interpolated, as is shown also from the use of the simple 'for' instead of 'for the doors of' as in the original. In v.49 we have again 777 for the inner house,'=chancel or adytum, and in v.49,50, laid-up (7) gold '=fine gold, as in vi.20,21 (28). Also v.14a is due to L.L., comp. E.xxxi.3, xxxvi.1. 31. 1K.viii.1,2,3,6-8a,62,65,66, appears to belong to the older narrative; whereas v.8,9,12–21,22–61, (App.124) is due to D., as is also v.66—

v.12, 'walk in My statutes, and do My judgments, and keep all My commandments, to walk in them;'

comp.

'do My judgments, and keep My statutes, to walk in thom,' L.xviii.4 ; 'walk in My statutes, and do My judgments,' Ez.xi.12, xviii.17;

'keep My commandments,' E.xvi.28, L.xxii.31, xxvi.3.

v.12, 'I will establish My word with thee';

comp. 'I will establish My covenant with you,' L.xxvi.9.

v.13, 'I will not forsake My people Israel';

comp. 'I will forsake them,' D.xxxi.17(L.L.);

also Ezr.ix.9, Neh.ix. 17,19,31, Is.xlii.16, xlix.14, liv.7.

The LXX have omitted v.11-14 altogether, probably because it was seen to be quite out of place in its present position. They have also split v.1 into two parts, between which they have inserted v.17,18, and after v.1o, which = v.37, they place v.38. Also after v.16 they have inserted and they prepared the stones and wood during three years,' and in vi.36, ' and he built the vail of the court of the porch of the house which is in front of the Temple.'

'for all the goodness which Jehovah had done for David his servant and for Israel his people'

where the reference to David and Israel corresponds to the insertions of D. throughout, and the whole passage finds a striking parallel in Ju.viii.35, which we shall see (75) to be also due to his hand.

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To the later post-Captivity writer belong v.1,4,5,10,11,63,64, with the explanatory clauses, v.2, that is the seventh month,' v.6, into the holy of holies,' v.65, and seven days, fourteen days,' which last is inconsistent with v.66, arising, apparently, from an attempt to bring this account into accordance with that in 2Ch.vii.8,9, which makes the 'dedication of the altar' to last seven days and the Feast' seven days, and specifies on the eighth day of the Feast a solemn assembly,' according to the laws in L.xxiii.36, N.xxix.35, so that Solomon dismisses the people on the 23rd day of the 7th month, v.10, that is, on the ninth day of the Feast, instead of on the eighth day, as in 1K.viii.66, that is the 22nd of the month, and therefore a sabbath (VI. 431), on which, according to the views of the L.L., the people ought not to have been travelling.

GRAF assigns to D. v.27-61, p.102; and he says in a note, p.103

Upon the idea expressed in v.10,11, which itself has originated from E.xvi.7,10, has afterwards been based E.xl.34,35, comp. Ez.x.3,4, xliii.5.'

But GRAF had not perceived that E.xvi.7,10, is itself a portion of the L.L., and that all these passages may very probably be referred to the expressions of Ezekiel as the original type.

32. It would seem that v.1", even the heads of the tribes (N.xxx.1(2)), the princes of the fathers of the children of Israel (App.31.xv),' is an amplification by the later writer of the words of the older narrative 'the elders of Israel,' as in v.3; while the clause that is Zion' is inserted to explain the phrase 'city of David,' which is used in the older narrative without any such explanation in iii.1, ix.24, as in 2S.v.9, vi.10,12,16.

In v.2 we have also the older expression' the Moon Ethanim' explained by the addition, that is the seventh month,' as in vi.38(27); and we have also the Feast' referred to, i.e. the Feast of Tabernacles, as the principal feast in the year (VI. 433). In v.3 we read

'And all the elders of Israel went-in [i.e. into the Tabernacle on Mount Zionnot 'came' (E.V.)], and the priests took-up the ark’—

where we find the 'priests' bearing the ark, as in J.iii.6,8, &c., comp. also 2S.xv.24-29, where 'Zadok and Abiathar' bear it, v.29, and Zadok and all the Levites with him' in v.24, the term 'Levites' being evidently used here to express the whole body of the priesthood,' except the two chief priests,' comp.

1S.vi.15.

But v.4,5, is another insertion of the L.L. Here in v.4 it is provided that the Ark of Jehovah'-N.B. not 'ark of the Covenant of Jehovah' as in v.1°,6-and the Tent of Meeting,' and the holy vessels that were in it,' viz. those described in E.xxv-xxx, xxxv-xl, should be brought-up' by 'the priests and the Levites,' the two orders being separated as they are throughout in the L.L.* It has been suggested that the original reading here was 'the priests the Levites,' as in 2Ch.v. 5, copied from this. But it is most probable that the latter reading is erroneous, since all the Versions have the priests and the Levites.' Also in v.5 we find here the phrase so common in L.L., Assembly (ny) of Israel,' E.xii.3,6,19,47, &c., and the verb is, meet together, (App.15.xxvi).

33. In v.6,7,8, we have again the older narrative, taking up the story in v.3; and here also we find the priests' in v.6 bearing the ark of the Covenant of Jehovah' as in v.1, 777, adytum,' v.6,8a, as in vi.5,16,19, &c., and the explanatory clause of the L.L. in v.6, 'into the holy of holies.'

In v.8,9, we have apparently an insertion by D., since v.8",

According to 2Ch.i.3, the 'Tent of Meeting' and most of its vessels were at Gibeon, and not with the Ark on Mount Zion (VI. 413.)