of nature, it fuggefts much valuable moral and religious inftruction, accompanied with fuch poetical quotations as are at the fame time calculated to infix on their memories just fentiments and ufeful precepts, and to improve their tafte. They originally appeared in a detached form in the Univerfal Magazine.

The following lift comprizes the Tales, Novels, and Romances of the year:-" Caftle Rackrent, an Hibernian Tale, taken from Facts, and from the Manners of the Irish Squires before the Year 1782;" "Memoirs of Modern Philofophers, in three volumes;" "Romulus, a Tale of ancient Times, tranflated from the German of Auguftus la Fontaine, by the Rev. P. Will, in two volumes;" "the Sufferings of the Family of Ortenburg, a Novel, tranflated from the German of Auguftus von Kotzebue, by the faimé, in three vo. lumes;" "the Hiftory of Am. ftrath Gutman, written by himfelf, published by Adolphus Baron Knigge, tranflated from the German;"" the Hiftory of Rinaldo Rinaldini, Captain of Banditti, tranflated from the German of Vulvius, by J. Hinkley, Etq. in three volumes;" "Ankerwick Caftle, a Novel, by Mrs. Croffts, in four volumes;"Tales of the Abbey, founded on Hiftorical Facts, by A. Kendal, in three volumes;" "Eliza, a Novel, by Mrs. Yeates, in two volumes;" "Rimualdo, or the Caftle of Badajos, a Romance, by W. H. Ireland, in four volumes;" "the Runaway, or the Seat of Benevolence, by Mr. Smith, in four volumes;" a Natural Story, by the fame, in three volumes;" "Conftantia Neville, or the Weft Indian, by Helena Wells, in three volumes;"the Myftery,

by Francis Lathom, in two volumes;" "the Neighbourhood, a Tale, in two volumes;"« Filial Indifcretion, or the Female Chevalier, in three volumes ;" the Batavians, or Virtue and Valour crowned by Perfeverance, from the French of C. Bitaubé, in two volumes;"" a Northumbrian Tale, written by a Lady;" "Horatio of Holftein, in three volumes ;"" Fitzmaurice, by William Frederic Williams, in two volumes;""Frederic Latimer, or the Hiftory of a young Man of Fafhion, in three volumes;" "De Valancourt, in two volumes;" "Exhibitions of the Heart, dedicated, by Permiffion, to the Queen, by Mifs Hutchinfon, in four volumes;" "the Force of Prejudice, a Moral Tale, by Mr. Wildman, in two volumes;"'"Selima, founded on Facts, by a Lady;" "Evelina Montrofe, or the Cottage of the Vale, with Characters from Life, by Emily Clarke, Granddaughter of the late Colonel Frederic, in three volumes ;" "Elliott, or the Viciffitudes of early Life, by Mrs. Burke, in two volumes;"

Edwardina, a Novel, by Catherine Harris, in two volumes;"" the Miftake, or fomething beyond a Joke, by P. Littlejohn, in three volumes;"" the Cavern of Strozzi, a Novel ;"" Jeannette, a Novel, by the Author of Melbourne; in four volumes;"" Tourville, or the Myfterious Lover, a fentimental Novel, in two volumes;"" the Daughter of Adoption, a Tale of Modern Times, by John Beaufort. LL.D. in four volumes;" "the Sailors, a Novel, by the Authorefs of Count de Santerre, in four volumes;" "Mary Jones, a Novel, by Richard Sicklemore, in two volumes;" "Monkwood Priory, by F. J. Thomas, in two volumes;" "Humbert Castle, or the Romance of the Rhone, a

Novel, in four volumes;" "the Picture of the Age, a' Novel, in two volumes;" "Fahionable Involvements, a Novel, by Mrs. Gunning, in three volumes;" "the Lord of Hardivyle, an Hiftorical Legend of the 14th Century;" "Tales of Truth, by a Lady, in four volumes;" "Andrew Stewart, or the Northern Wanderer, a Novel, by Mary Ann Hanway, in four volumes;" "Forbidden Apartments, a Tale, by William Lindley, in two volumes;" "Douglas, or the Highlander, a Novel, by Robert Biffet, LL.D. in four volumes;" "the Spirit of Turretville, or the

Myfterious Refemblance, a Ro mance of the 12th Century, in two volumes;" "the Child of Hope, or Infidelity punished, a Novel, by a Lady, in three volumes;" "the Mifer and his Family, a Novel, by Mrs. Parfons, in four volumes;" "Miriam, a Novel, in two volumes;" "Midfummer Eve, or the Country Wake, a Tale of the 16th Century, in two vols." "Jacqueline of Olzeburg, or final Retribution, a Romance;" and "a Short Story, interfperfed with Poetry, by a young Lady, in two volumes."

FOREIGN

W

HEN we perufe the imperfect lift which our materials have enabled us to form of the foreign productions of the year, we find only three articles which properly belong to the head of Ruffian literature. The firft is entitled, "Obfervations on the Religious Liberty of Foreigners in the Ruffian Empire, relative to Churches, Ecclefiaftical Inftitutions, Ufages, and Rites," published at Petersburg. This work is the production of Mr. Grot, a German clergyman, who has refided during thirty years in Ruflia, and furnishes us with much curious and interefting information on the fubjects mentioned in the title. In evidence of the unbounded toleration, fupported both by the laws of the empire and the fpirit which pervades all the claffes of the inhabitants, it ftates fome facts, which, while they reflect honour on the just and liberal policy of the Ruffian government, are a reproach to other countries, where before a man can be intrufted even with fome of the lowest offices in the fervices of the ftate he must be come a conformift to the predominant religious fect. We learn from them, that, in Ruffia, to obtain dignities in the state, and places under government, it is not neceffary that the candidate fhould profefs the Greek religion. In the 1800.

pre

year 1794, the two phyficians of the emprefs were proteftants, ag well as five other phyficians, and all the furgeons of the court, Proteftants and catholics are found among the chamberlains, the knights of orders, admirals, generals, governors of provinces, and the fidents of the highest tribunais.The next article is a treatife " On Pedagogic Punishments and Rewards, by A. Albanus," published at Riga. This work, which is reprefented to be highly creditable to the heart and judgment of the author, and to furnish inftructors of youth with much judicious advice and ufeful practical hints, the refult of confiderable experience, is divided into two parts. The first treats of improper punishments, judicious punishments, and on the particular intentions which are to be kept in view when inflicting punishments. The fecond part treats on improper and judicious rewards. To the whole is added an appendix, containing fome fmaller tracts on the fame fubject, and a collection of pedagogic fentences, enforcing important and useful truths in the aphoriftic form. The laft article in Ruffian literature of which we have feen any account is entitled "On the Trade, Agricultural Cultivation, Induftry, and Produce of Ruffia; together with fome Phyfical and Statistical Obfervations,

by W. C. Friebe, Member of the Free Economical Society of Peterburg," in three volumes. This work contains a vaft fund of information, collected from numerous publications little known out of the limits of the Ruffian dominions, and from manuscript accounts, concentrated with much ability and judgment, and offering to us interefting pictures of what Ruffia formerly was, what he now is, and what fhe might be. The first volume is employed in treating of the provinces that border on the Black Sea; the fecond, of the interior and northern provinces; and the third, of thofe that border on the Cafpian Sea and Siberia. Each of thefe volumes is divided into two fections, in the first of which are defcribed the trade of the provinces from the moft ancient times, the rivers, lakes, ports, trading towns, &c.; and in the fecond, the agricultural improvements, the induftry of the inhabitants, the phyfical condition and produce of the foil, the rural occupations of the inhabitants, their mineral refources, manufactures,

&c. &c.

Among the few articles in Swedish literature, of which we have feen any account, is "an Hiftorical and Philofophical Inquiry into the Origin of the Doctrine of the Refurrection of the Body, and whether it be afferted in the Book of Job, by J. Hallenberg," publifhed at Stockholm. The author of this Inquiry concurs in opinion with thofe critics who maintain that the paffage in Job, ch. xix. ver. 25, 26, and 27, has no reference to the doctrine of the refurrection; but he contends that it expreffes Job's belief in a future ftate, and fupports his opinion by a new translation of the origival which is

more ingenious than fatisfactory. The hypothefis, that the words folely refer to Job's deliverance from his afflictions, and the disease which corrupted and destroyed his flesh, fo that he fhould again be happy in this life, removes all difficulty from the paffage, and feems beft reconcileable with the defign of the book of Job, which was to inculcate the principle, that fuffering virtue will ultimately triumph in this world, and that the practice of righteoufnefs leads to temporal happiness.-At the fame place have appeared the "New Tranfac tions of the Royal Academy of Sciences, for the Year 1798," publifhed, as ufual, in quarterly numbers, of which we have not met with any notice, excepting a fhort abftract of the contents of the last number. The papers of which it confifts are, Obfervations tending to illuftrate the fituation and climate of the city of Umea, a fea port and emporium in Weft Bothnia, together with extracts from meteorological journals kept in that place in the years 1796 and 1797, by D. A. Näzen; mineralogical remarks on Gottland, with a petrographic map, by W. Hifinger; different articles in natural history, by P. C. Lindroth, Dr. Haggerftröm, and A. Sparrman; and extracts from the meteorological journal kept in the obfervatory at Upfal, in 1798, by D. E. Holmquift.-At Abo, profeffor Gadolin has published "an Introduction to Chemistry," which is on the plan, and in part a tranflation, of Fourcroy's Philofophy of Chemistry, but with additions and various alterations, particularly in the nomenclature.-At Stockholm an anonymous author has published a fort treatife" on the remarkable Influence and Effect of the Electric

Power

Power in the Year 1797, and the probable Caufes of that Epidemic which then prevailed among the Cats at Stockholm, &c." This treatife is curious and interefting, and afcribes the diforder mentioned in the title to violent changes in the electricity of the atmosphere, which produced fuch nervous fymptoms in the cats as gradually deprived them of the digeftive faculty, and by that means proved fatal. At Lindkoping, Dr. Eric Acharius, well known for the diligence and accuracy of his botanical refearches, has published Lichenographiæ Suecica Prodromus," which cannot but prove highly acceptable to the ftudents and amateurs of natural hiftory. In this work the author has given defcriptions of every fpecies of Swedish Lichens, to the number of 345; to which are added the fynonyms of al principal authors; references to almost every figure extant; and notes defigned to point out either fome ftriking peculiarity, or to feparate the plant more effectually from its congeners. Subjoined to the end of every tribe, are the foreign fpecies mentioned by authors of credit, with their characters. At the fame place has appeared a curious differtation, which to learned etymologifts will at leaft afford fome entertainment, if it do not serve to increase their knowledge in their favourite fcience. It is entitled "Ex Occafione Nummi Cufici, de Nominis Dei GUD, in, Suio-Gothica cognatisque Linguis Origine, Difquifitio Hiftorica et Philologica, J. Hallenberg." The author's object is to prove, that the very names given by different nations to the deity denote unity; and his process must be allowed to be plaufible, even by thofe who may not think it convincing. At the fame place two periodical works

are regularly published in numbers. The firft is entitled "The Swedish Literary Journal, edited by G. A. Silverftolpe, and contains reviews of foreign and Swedish productions; and the fecond is entitled "Mifcellaneous Readings," and confifts partly of tranflations, from works of merit in the Danish, French, English, and German languages, and partly of original effays, on a variety of ufeful and entertaining fubjects. .

Among the literary productions of the Danish dominions, we find "a Manual of Modern Aftronomy, defigned for the Ufe of Pupils and Amateurs; extracted from the Danifh Aftronomical Catechifm of Soeburg; newly revifed, with Additions, and a Preface, by T. Bugge, Profeffor of Mathematics, &c. Tranflated, corrected, and accompanied with additional Remarks, by C. G. Zahlen," with plates, published at Copenhagen. This work contains a concife and generally plain explanation of the moft interefting phænomena in the heavens, in which the latest difcoveries and obfervations are not overlooked, accompanied with pious and devout reflexions; on which account it is well adapted to the ufe of popular readers. But it is debafed by the introduction of weak and fuperftitious notions, particularly on the fubject of eclipfes, which it reprefents to be attended with various calamities both to the natural and moral world, fuch as difeafes, misfortunes, &c. as is believed by ignorant old women in most countries. Before we faw this work announced, we could not imagine that any perfons in Europe, poffeffing even moderate pretenfions to science, entertained fuch filly and unphilofophical ideas. At the fame place have appeared