"The greatest part of the above Statement being made from memory, it cannot be supposed to be altogether correct. The Description of Buildings, with the supposed Value, is presumed to be pretty true. The Names of the Owners, and the Remarks, are much more likely to be erroneous.' London, 14th October 1813.

Hints on Employments for Females.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE PHILANTHROPIST.

To enumerate the scenes of vice and misery, the premature deaths, and the incalculable distresses which attach to the unhappy prostitutes, whose numbers are increasing not only in the metropolis but in every considerable town in the united kingdom, would, in the details, be too painful, too shocking, too lamentable, for public disclosure.-Calquhoun on the British Empire, p. 422.

THE

SIR,

HE many informations in consequence of the public inquiries after the unfortunate Lavinia Robinson, answering to the description of one individual, in the middle ranks of life, evinced the deplorable state of a multitude of destitute females of decent appearance, and gave ground to calculate on the miserable lot of women in general. All who contemplate the subject seem to agree in attributing this to a want of employment. The newspaper (Courier) informed us that such considerations had given rise to a Society for the Instruction and Employment of Women in Situations almost monopolized by the other Sex. I have looked ever since in THE PHILANTHROPIST for some account of the progress of this Society, but in vain. I fear the project has

been hitherto unsuccessful: but, convinced of its utility, I wish to call the attention of the public to the following hints; especially to the list of employments, which shows that means are not wanting to afford maintenance to many more than are at present engaged in any respectable calling; and set at liberty, for the cultivation of the soil, and for the defence and improvement of the nation, a great accession of strength and energy, now wasted by men in works which exclude the women from a fair chance of support. Besides the absolute necessity there seems to be for a redundant source from which the national armaments may be readily recruited on the possible combination of the world again against us; there ought in all policy to be an incessant demand for hardy and robust labourers from the inexhaustible fisheries round our coasts, and about ten millions of acres of waste but reclaimable lands in the united kingdom. The tax on salt, and the great obstacles in the way of the division of commons, by legal and parliamentary forms, prove to be very serious evils in opposing improvements as to these objects of vital importance.

Those who doubt that women and men are of equal powers of mind as a universal proposition, will hardly deny to the weaker sex that portion of intellect which is required for performance or conduct in employments where extraordinary genius, taste, or judgement are not necessary. Our argument claims no further concession. In a comparative view, women generally are less strong, less capable of long exertion, less hardy, and are occasionally weakened by pregnancy and the confinement and nursing which follow. They may be employed, however, in such undertakings as are not beyond their strength and ability for bearing fatigue and exposure, and will admit of the intermissions which may be incidentally necessary to the sex.

The occupations of knitters, spinners, lace-makers, and netters, are almost gone since the substitution of machines to do the work that of sempstress will soon follow, as a method of stitching gloves by mechanism has been discovered; and the ready application of it to other articles may be expected. In the place of these, other employments are to be sought.

Beyond the new fields for labour in the extension of the fishe-. ries, and cultivation of waste lands above mentioned, in the navy, the army, agriculture, mines, and manufactures of heavy articles, an abundant supply of hands is very desirable for the security of the nation and its dependencies, and for upholding a competition in goods at foreign markets. An effectual means of attaining this would be, by encouraging the labour of women in works not above their abilities, but which are now carried on by men,

The change may be gradually introduced in charity-schools for girls, by teaching them tailoring, shoe-making, and other such effeminate handicrafts. As a further help, boys in charity-schools should be restrained from following such trades as are fit only for the other sex. Parents, relatives, and friends, now conver-sant in such employments, might teach their girls, and raise a generation of women to continue the businesses without hindrance in the proper channel. Exclusive of sciences and the fine arts, wherein peculiar genius, understanding, judgement, and taste, are not to be neglected, encouragement ought to be held out to females by repressing the rivalship of the other sex. Lord' Kenyon's plan for improving the profession of attorneys, shows how it may be done in trades which ought to be appropriated to women; by high-priced stamps on the indentures of boys, and high-priced licenses for carrying on business afterwards. Charitable apprentice fees for girls, in furtherance of the end in view, may be also hoped for. Thus a reformation may take place by degrees, without turning the poor things, now so occupied, immediately out of doors, and exposing them to labours they have unfortunately not been bred to bear..

So great an accession of labourers will be sure to produce a great national good; and much domestic comfort too must be the result. In stations where there is no considerable wealth, it may sometimes be, that joy is expressed when a man-child is born into the world; but it is to be feared that the female is seldom received with a welcome. A better chance of maintenance will tend to do away this ungracious feeling, and lessen the anxiety which grows up with the parental affection for a daughter. The ability of women, to make themselves independent would expel the degrading doubts of their wedding for a maintenance or an establishment; and prove them to be helpmates, not clogs, to their husbands in the passage through life. Distinct employments would tend greatly to mitigate the fretfulness too often consequent on cohabitation. Too frequent intercourse has been found to be productive of irritation, difficult to be subdued by the strongest resolutions of caution and mutual forbearance. The squabbles between tailors, coblers, and such like, and their wives, are subjects of vulgar ridicule and satirical censure; while the endearments of a countryman's hoine are dwelt on with delight by the poets. Putting the power of obtaining an honest livelihood within the reach of so many more females, we may fairly expect a great abatement of the nuisances arising from common prostitution: as the necessity of submitting to it diminishes, all the abominations consequent on the trade will decline.

To those who have not paid much attention to the subject, the businesses in which women may not, in some way or other, be employed, will appear astonishingly few.-The following list indicates, by Roman types, the denominations of those in which males only should be employed; by italics, those in which females may be employed; and by capitals, those in which females should be exclusively employed. An alphabetical order has been pursued, that defects and inaccuracies may be the more readily. seen, supplied, or corrected. The same meaning may recur under different names; but repetition has been preferred to the chance of increasing the omissions. As the division of labour takes place to a considerable extent in great manufactories, numerous additions will be requisite to render the catalogue complete. Agriculture is an article which may serve as a specimen.

ACCOUCHEUR. Accountant. ACTRESS. Actuary. Agriculturist, (DAIRYMAID, hoer, WEEDER, PICKER, SCALER, reaper, haymaker, PULLER OF TURNIPS, CHOPPER OF TURNIPS, server to thrashingmachine, SERVER TO SOWER, planter of potatoes, cabbages, &c. HOPPICKER, &c. &c.) Apothecary. Appraiser. Architect. Armorer. Assayer. Attorney. Auctioneer. Author: Bailiff. BAKER. Banker. Barber. Bargeman. Basketmaker. Barrister. Bedsteadmaker. Bellfounder. Bellman. Bellhanger. Bellowsmaker. BIRDCAGEMAKER. Bleacher. Blacksmith. BOOKBINDER. BOOKKEEPER. BOOKSELLER. BoorMAKER. BOTCHER. Brazier. Breechesmaker. Brewer. Brickmaker. Bricklayer. Broker. BRUSHMAKER. BURNISHER. BUTTONMAKER. Butcher. Cabinetmaker. Callender. Callicoprinter. CAPMAKER. Carman. Carter. Cardmaker. Carpenter. Carpetweaver. Carrier. Carver. Cashier. Catchpoll. CHEESEMONGER. Chairmaker. Chamberlain. CHAMBERMAID. CHANDLER. Chapman. Chorister. Chymist. Chinamaker. CHINAMENDER. Chocolatemaker. Civilian. CLEARSTARCHER. Clerk. CLOCKMAKER. CLOCKMOVEMENT-MAKER. Clogger, CLOTHIER. Coachmaker. Coachman. COACH-HARNESSMAKER. COACHPAINTER. COACHTRIMMER. Coalheaver. COBLER. Collier. COMBMAKER. COMPOSITOR. Comedian. Composer. CONFECTIONer. Cook. Cooper. Copperplate-engraver. COPPERPLATE PRINTER. CoPYIST. Coppersmith. CORDWAINER. CORKCUTTER. Cornchandler. Corrector of the Press. CORSET-MAKER. COTTON WEAVER. Currier. CUTLER. DANCING-MISTRESS. Dentist. Distiller. DRAPER. Drawer. DRAWING-MISTRESS. Drawer of patterns. DRESSMAKER. Druggist. DRYSALTER. DYER. EMBLAZONER. EMBROIDERER. ENAMELLER, Enchaser. Engineer. Engraver. Excise-officer. Factor. FAN-MAKER. Farmer. Farrier. FEATHERDRESSER. FEATHERWORKER. Fellmonger. FELTMAKER. Ferryman. Fiddler. Fifer. FISHMONGER. Fisher. FLAXDRESSER. Floorcloth-manufacturer. FLOWER-DEALER. FLOWER (ARTIFICIAL) MAKER. Footman. Founder, FRAMEWORK-KNITTER, FRUITERER. FULLER, FURRIER. Gardener (except digging, other

operations in the garden). Gauger. GILDER. GLASSMAKER. GLASSMAN. GLASSGRINDER. GLASSCUTTER. GLASS-ENGRAVER. Glazier. GLOVER. GLUEMAKER. GOLDBEATER. GOLDREFINER. GOLDSMITH. GOVERNESS. GRAMMARIAN. Grazier. GREENGROCER. GROCER. Groom. Gunsmith. Gunstock-maker. HABERDASHER. HACKNEY-WRITER. HAIRDRESSER. HARDWAREMAN. Harper. HarNESSMAKER. HATTER. HATBANDMAKER. Hawker. Herald. HeRALD-PAINTER. Higler. Horner. Horsebreaker. HOSIER. HOUSEMAID. HUCKSTER. Huntsman. Husbandman. JAPANNER. JEWELLER. Innkeeper. Joiner. Ironmonger. Keelman. KITCHENMAID. KNITTER. LACEMAKER. LACEMAN. Lamplighter. LANDLADY. LASTMAKER. LAUNDRESS. Lawyer. LAWSTATIONER. Leatherdresser. LEATHERCUTTER. LEATHERSELLER. Lecturer. LETTERCARRIER. LETTERFOUNDER. LIBRARIAN. Lighterman. Limner. LINENDRAPER. LINENWEAVER. Locksmith. LOTTERYOFFICE-KEEPER. MAIDSERVANT. Maltster. MANTUAMAKER. Marblepolisher. MARBLESTAINER. Mariner. Marquetryworker. Mason. MATHEMATICAL INSTRUMENT-MAKER. MEALMAN. MERCER. Merchant. MIDWIFE. Miller. Millwright. MILLINER. Miner. Modeller. Musician. MuSICMLSTRESS. MUSICSELLER. Musical-instrument-maker. NAILER. Neatherd. NEEDLEMAKER. NETMAKER. Notary. NURSE. NURSERYMAID. Nurseryman's helper. Oculist. OILCLOTH-MAKER. OILMAN. OPTICIAN. Organbuilder. Organist. Packer. Painter. Papermaker. PAPERHANGER. Papier-maché-maker. Parchment maker. Parish-clerk. Parson. PASTRY COOK. PATTENMAKER. Pavjor Pedlar. PERFUMER. PERUKEMAKER. PEWTERER. Physician. PINMAKER. Piper. PIPE (TOBACCO) MAKER. Pitman. Plasterer. Ploughman. Plumber. POCKETBOOK-MAKER. Porcelain-manufacturer. Porter. Postillion. POSTOFFICE-KEEPER. Potter. POULTERER. Preacher. Printer. Pressman. Proctor, Razormaker. Reader. REFINER Ropemaker. SADDLER. Sailcloth-maker. SAILMAKER. Sailor SALTER. Sawyer. Surveyor. SCHOOLMISTRESS. Sculptor. Seaman. Sedanchair-maker. Secretary. SEEDSMAN. SEMPSTRESS. SHEPHERDESS. Shipwright. SHOECLEANER. SHOEMAKER. SHOPKEEPER. SHOPWOMAN. SILKWEAVER. SILVERSMITH. Singer. SKINNER. Slater. SLOPSELLER. Soapboiler. Soldier. SPECTACLEMAKER. Spinster. STARCHMAKER. STATIONER. Statuary. STAYMAKER. Steward. STOCKINGMAKER. STONECUTTER. STRAW-HAT-MAKER. Sugarbaker. Surgeon. Surveyor. TALLOW CHANDLER. TAMBOURER. Tanner. TAPESTRY MANUFACTURER. Teacher. Tapster. TEADEALER. TAILOR. Thatcher. Timber-merchant. Tinker. Tinman. Tiler. TIREWOMAN. TOBACCONIST. Toll-collector. TOYMAKER. TOYSELLER. TRINKETMAKER. Trunkmaker. TUNBRIDGEWARE-MAKER. TUNBRIDGEWARE-SELLER. Turner. TUTORESS. Valet. VARNISHER. Victualler. Vintner. UMBRELLAMAKER. Undertaker. Upholsterer. Waggoner. WAITER. Wharfinger. WATCHMAKER. WATCH-MOVEMENT-MAKER. WASHERWOMAN. Watchman. Waterman. WAXCHANDLER. WEAVER. Wheelwright. WHIPMAKER. Whitesmith,